The Efficacy of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes against the Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 118 - 126, 30.12.2019

Çiğdem Gözel , Uğur Gözel

https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.571191

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea
pityocampa Den. &
Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), is one of the most important pests of
forest trees. In this study, the efficacy of native entomopathogenic nematodes
(EPNs) against the larvae of T.
pityocampa was investigated under laboratory conditions. Isolates of Steinernema
carpocapsae Weiser, S. feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida:
Steinernematidae), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (91) Poinar and H. bacteriophora (200) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from
İstanbul, Sakarya and Çanakkale Provinces of Turkey were used in the study. Thaumetopoea pityocampa larvae were
collected from infested trees on the campus of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University
in Canakkale Province. The efficacy assays were conducted with 1 larva and 200
infective juveniles (IJs) nematodes in a plastic petri dish at 10, 15 and 25 ^oC.
The larvae were checked daily for 7 days after inoculation with the IJs and the
mortalities were recorded. No mortality of T.
pityocampa larvae was observed on the first day. Depending on the nematode
species and the temperature, larval mortality ranged from 60% to 100%. Based on
the results of this study, there is considerable potential for the use of EPNs
for the biological control of T.
pityocampa.

Keywords

Pine processionary moth, larva, entomopathogenic nematode, efficacy

Yerel Entomopatojen Nematodların Çam Kese Böceği Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)’ya Karşı Etkinliği

Abstract

Çam kese böceği, Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. &
Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) orman ağaçlarının en önemli
zararlılarından biridir. Bu çalışmada yerel entomopatojen nematodların (EPN) T. pityocampa larvalarına karşı
etkinlikleri laboratuvar koşullarında araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, S. feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora (91) Poinar ve H.
bacteriophora (200) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) izolatları
kullanılmıştır. EPN’ler İstanbul, Sakarya ve Çanakkale illerinden, T. pityocampa larvaları ise Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi kampüs alanındaki zarar görmüş çam ağaçlarından elde
edilmiştir. Etkinlik denemeleri plastik petrilerde 10, 15 ve 25 ^oC’de,
200 IJs/T. pityocampa larva
yoğunluğunda yürütülmüştür. Petrilerdeki larvalar nematod inokulasyonundan
sonraki 7 gün boyunca kontrol edilmiş ve ölüm oranları kaydedilmiştir. İlk gün T. pityocampa larvalarında ölüm
görülmemiştir. Nematod türüne ve sıcaklığa bağlı olarak larvalardaki ölüm oranı %60-100 oranında değişmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen
sonuçlara göre, T. pityocampa’nın
biyolojik mücadelesinde EPN'lerin önemli bir kullanım potansiyeli vardır.

Keywords

Pine processionary moth, larva, entomopathogenic nematodes, efficacy

References

• Adams B.J., A. Fodor, H.S. Koppenhöfer, E. Stackebrandt, S.P. Stock & M.G. Klein, 2006. Biodiversity and systematics of nematode bacterium entomopathogens. Biological Control, 37(1): 32-49.
• Akhurst R. & K. Smith, 2002. Regulation and Safety, 311-332. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 400 pp.
• Akinci H.A., S.K. Ozman-Sullivan, H. Diler, N. Celik, G.T. Sullivan & G. Karaca, 2017. Entomopathogenic fungi isolated from Thaumetopoea pityocampa and their efficacies against its larvae. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(8): 5251-5257.
• Anonymous, 2019. https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/blogs/21-reasons-why-forests-are-important (Accessed date: 06.03.2019).
• Barbaro L., L. Couzi, V. Bretagnolle, J. Nezan & F. Vetillard, 2008. Multi-scale habitat selection and foraging ecology of the Eurasian hoope (Upupa epops) in pine plantations. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17: 1073-1087.
• Battisti A., M. Bernardi & C. Ghiraldo, 2000. Predation by the Hoopoe (Upupa epops) on pupae of Thaumetopoea pityocampa and the likely influence on other natural enemies. BioControl, 45: 311-323.
• Boemare N., C. Laumond & H. Mauleon, 1996. The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex: Biology, life cycle and vertebrate safety. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6: 333-345.
• Brown, I.M. & R. Gaugler, 1997. Temperature and humidity influence emergence and survival of entomopathogenic nematodes. Nematologica, 43: 363-375.
• Démolin G., J.F. Abgrall & L. Bouhot-Delduc, 1996. Shift in the range of the pine processionnary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. & Schiff. (Lep. Thaumetopoeidae) in France. Evolution de l’aire de la Processionaire du Pin en France, 1: 26-28.
• Ehlers R.-U., 1996. Current and future use of nematodes in biocontrol: Practice and commercial aspects in regard to regulatory policies. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6: 303-316.
• Gaugler R., 1999. Matching Nematode and Insect to Achieve Optimal Field Performance. In: Polavarapu, S. (Ed.), Optimal Use of Insecticidal Nematodes in Pest Management. Rutgers University Press New, Brunswick, NJ, USA, pp. 9-14.
• Glazer I., 2002. Survival Biology. In R. Gaugler, ed. Entomopathogenic nematology. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 169-187.
• Gonzalez-Cano J.M., 1981. Predacion de `procesionaria del pino' por vertebrados en la zona de Mora de Rubielos (Teruel). Boletin de la Estacion Central de Ecologia, 10: 53-77. Gozel U. & C. Gozel, 2013. Effect of entomopathogenic nematode species on the corn stalk borer (Sesamia cretica Led. Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different temperatures. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37: 65-72.
• Gozel C. & I. Kasap, 2015. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato field. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 39: 229-237.
• Griffin C.T., M.J. Downes & W. Block, 1990. Tests of Antarctic soils for insect parasitic nematodes. Antarctic Science, 2: 221-222.
• Griffin C.T., 1993. Temperature Responses of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Implication for the Success of Biological Control Programmes. In: Nematodes and the Biological Control of Insect Pests. (Eds: R. Bedding, R. Akhurst, H. Kaya), CSRIO Publications, East Melbourne, Victoria, 115-126.
• Hominick W.M., 2002. Biogeography. In: Gaugler R, Editor. Entomopathogenic Nematology. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing, pp. 115-143.
• Jarry G., 1994. Coucou gris Cuculus canorus. D. Yeatman-Berthelot, G. Jarry (Eds.), Nouvel atlas des oiseaux nicheurs de France, Société Ornithologique de France, Paris pp. 386-387.
• Kalia V., G. Sharma, D.I. Shapiro-Ilan & S. Ganguly, 2014. Biocontrol potential of Steinernema thermophilum and its symbiont Xenorhabdus indica against lepidopteran pests: Virulence to egg and larval stages. The Journal of Nematology, 46(1): 18-26.
• Kaya H.K., 1990. Soil ecology. In R. Gaugler and H. K. Kaya, Eds. Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control, pp. 93-115. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Kaya H.K. & R. Gaugler, 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology, 38: 181-206.
• Kerdelhué C., L. Zane, M. Simonato, P. Salvato, J. Rousselet, A. Roques & A. Battisti, 2009. Quaternary history and contemporary patterns in a currently expanding species. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9(1): 220.
• Laznik Ž., D. Znidarcic & S. Trdan, 2011. Control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) adults on glasshousegrown cucumbers in four different growth substrates: an efficacy comparison of foliar application of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and spraying with thiamethoxam. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35(6): 631-640.
• Ledesma L., 1971. Notas relativas a la distribucion y predacion de puestas de procesionaria del pino (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) sobre pies en edades de monte bravo y latizal de pino negral (Pinus laricio Poir.). Boletin del Serviciode Plagas Forestales, 14: 71-80.
• Ozkazanc O., 2002. Çamkese böceğinin Akdeniz bölgesindeki biyoekolojisi. Ülkemiz Ormanlarında Çamkese Böceği Sorunun ve Çözüm Önerileri Sempozyumu. 24-25 Nisan Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Kahramanmaraş.
• Poinar J.R. G.O., G.M. Thomas, S.B. Presser & J.L. Hardy, 1982. Inoculation of entomogeneous nematodes, Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis, and their associated bacteria, Xenorhabdus spp., into chicks and mice. Environmental Entomology, 11: 137-138.
• Shapiro-Ilan D.I. & R. Gaugler, 2002. Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28: 137-146.
• Tarasco E., 1995. Morfologia larvale e biologia di Coelichneumon rudis (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), endoparassitoide delle crisalidi della Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis et Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Entomologica Bari, 29: 5-51.
• Triggiani O. & E. Tarasco, 2000. Preliminary attempts to control overwintering populations of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. et Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) with Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae). Entomologica, 35: 7-15.
• Triggiani O. & E. Tarasco, 2002. Efficacy and persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes in controlling larval populations of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 12: 747-752.
• Triggiani O. & E. Tarasco, 2003. Application of entomopathogenic nematodes in controlling overwintering larvae of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. et Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Insect Pathogens and Insect Parasitic Nematodes IOBC WPRS Bulletin, 26(1): 165-167.
• Ulu T.C. & I.A. Susurluk, 2014. Heat and desiccation tolerances of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains and relationships between their tolerances and some bioecological characteristics. ISJ-Invertebrate Survival Journal, 11: 4-10.
• Way M.J., M.R. Paiva & M.E. Cammell, 1999. Natural biological control of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den & Schiff) by the Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) in Portugal. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 1: 27-31.
• Zamoum M., H. Guendouz & D. Deia 2007. Structure des communautes d’ennemis naturels de Thaumetopoea pityocampa Denis & Schiffermüller (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) sur pin d’Alep en Algérie subsaharienne. Entomologica Bari, 40: 139-151.