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COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye havayolu ulaşımına etkisi

Year 2020, Issue: 76, 45 - 58, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.800559

Abstract

Havayolu ulaşımı, Covid-19 Pandemi sürecinde ilk kez küresel ölçekte neredeyse bütünüyle durma noktasına gelmiştir. Temel amacı, Covid-19 Pandemisinin Türkiye’de havayolu ulaşımı üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek olan bu çalışma, veri değerlendirme eksenli olarak yapılandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel veri setini, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) yıllık havayolu ulaşım verileri ile Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi (DHMİ) tarafından üretilen aylık havayolu ulaşım verileri oluşturmaktadır. 2020 Ocak-Ağustos döneminde toplam yolcu taşımalarında önceki yılın aynı dönemine göre %62,8’lik bir düşüş meydana gelirken, yük taşımalarında ise toplam %45,4 gerileme ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye’de 2019 yılında en fazla taşıma gerçekleştirilen ilk 10 havalimanı esas alındığında, 2020 yılı Ağustos sonunda 2019 yılının aynı dönemine göre toplam yolcu ulaşımında en fazla oransal düşüşün Antalya Havalimanında olduğu (%80,1), yük taşımacılığında da yine en yüksek oranda gerilemenin Antalya havalimanında yaşandığı anlaşılmaktadır (%80,5). Pandemi nedeniyle Dünya genelinde 2020 yılı boyunca önceki yıla göre taşınan yolcu sayısında %53-60 arasında bir azalmanın olacağı öngörülmekte, mevcut veriler benzer bir durumun Türkiye’de de yaşanacağını göstermektedir. Yine Pandeminin 2020 yılı sonu itibariyle havayolu ulaşımında 352-390 milyar dolar arasında bir kayba neden olacağı öngörülmektedir. Pandeminin Türkiye’de de, 2019 yılı verilerine göre 205 bin olan havayolu istihdamını olumsuz
etkilemesi beklenmektedir.

References

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  • Albers, S.,& Rundshagen, V. (2020). European airlines strategic responses to the Covid-19 pandemic (january-may, 2020). Journal of Air Transport Management. 87(2020):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101863
  • Arık, F. (1991). Selçuklular zamanında Anadolu’da veba salgınları. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(26):27-57. https://dergipark.org.tr/ tr/pub/tariharastirmalari/issue/47856/604440
  • ATAG (2020). (Aviation benefits beyond borders) employment-aviation benefit 2020. <https://aviationbenefits.org/economic-growth/ supporting-employment/> Son erişim. 11.09.2020
  • Bowen, J. & Laroe, C. (2006). Airline networks and the ınternational diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The Geographical Journal. 172(2):130–144.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2006.00196.x
  • Çeçen, S. (2020). Çivi yazılı belgelerde Anadolu’da salgın hastalık. Kafdağı Dergisi, 5(1):13-17.
  • https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kafdagi/issue/55306/740784 DHMİ (Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi) (2020a). 2019 havayolu sektör raporu. https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Lists/HavaYoluSektorRaporlari/ Attachments/13/2019%20Havayolu%20Sekt%- C3%B6r%20Raporu.pdf Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • DHMİ (Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi) (2020b). Havayolu istatistikleri. <https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Istatistikler.aspx> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • DSÖ (Dünya Sağlık Örgütü) (2020). who coronavirus disease (covid- 19) dashboard. <https://covid19.who.int/table> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • Gardner, L.M., Chughtai, A. A., & MacIntyre, C. R. (2016). Risk of global spread of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Mers-Cov) via the air transport network. Journal of Travel Medicine. 23(6): 1–8. https://doi: 10.1093/jtm/taw063
  • Graham, A., Kremarik, F., & Kruse, W. (2020). Attitudes of ageing passengers to air travel since the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 87(2020):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101865
  • Hays, J.N. (2005). Epidemics and pandemics: their ımpacts on human history. Abc-clio Publication. ISBN: 1-85109-658-2
  • IATA (International Air Transport Association) (2020), World air transport statistics 2019. <https://www.iata.org/en/publications/ store/world-air-transport-statistics/> Son erişim 19.09.2020
  • ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) (2020). Effects of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on civil aviation: economic ımpact analysis. Air Transport Bureau. Montréal, Canada 19 August 2020. <https://www.icao.int/ sustainability/Documents/ COVID-19/ICAO%20COVID% 202020%2008%2019%20 Economic% 20Impact.pdf> Son erişim 19.09.2020
  • Kierzkowski, A., & Kisiel, T. (2020). Simulation model of security control lane operation in the state of the Covid-19 epidemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 88(2020):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101868
  • Knoema (2019a). Passengers carried by air transport. <https://knoema. com/atlas/topics/Transportation/Air-transport/Passengers- carried-by-air-transport>. Son erişim 08.09.2020
  • Knoema (2019b). air transport freight. <https://knoema.com/atlas/ topics/Transportation/Air-transport/Air-transport-freight> Son erişim 08.09.2020
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2020). Turizm istatistikleri. <https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-9851/turizm-istatistikleri.html> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • Lamb, T.L., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., Ruskin, K.J., & Vaughn, A. (2020). Factors that predict passengers willingness to fly during and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 89(2020):1-10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101897
  • Li, T. (2020). A SWOT Analysis of China’s air cargo sector in the context of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 88(2020):1-6.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101875
  • Macilree, J., & Duval, D.T. (2020). Aeropolitics in a post-Covid-19 World. Journal of Air Transport Management. 88(2020):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101864
  • Majic, Z., Jukic, I., & Pavlin. S. (2009). Air transport and logistics in pandemic outbreak of Influenza A (H1N1) virus. Promet-Traffic &Transportation, 21(6): 441-450. https://traffic.fpz.hr/index.php/PROMTT/article/view/258
  • Mazareanu, E. (2020). Coronavirus: impact on the aviation industry worldwide-statistics & facts. <https://www.statista.com/topics/ 6178/coronavirus-impact-on-the-aviation-industry-worldwide/> Son erişim 08.09.2020.
  • Mclafferty, S. (2010). Placing pandemics: geographical dimensions of vulnerability and spread. Eurasian Geography and Economics. 51(2):143-161. https://doi.org/10.2747/1539-7216.51.2.143
  • Naboush, E., & Alnimer, R. (2020). Air Carrier’s liability for the safety of passengers during Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 89(2020):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101896
  • NTV (2020). <https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/yurtdisi-ucuslar-buay- basliyoriste-ilk-ucus-tarihleri-ve-rotalari,eqd-DupVWEO6B0JmgtMMXw> Son erişim 12.11.2020
  • Özkaya, H. (2016). Cumhuriyet döneminde bulaşıcı hastalıklarla mücadele. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi. 20(2):77-84. https://doi: 10.15511/tahd.16.21677
  • Rodrigue, J.P., Luke, T., & Osterholm, M. (2020). Transportation and pandemics. <https://transportgeography.org/?page_id=8869> Son erişim 08.05.2020
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020). Genel koronavirüs tablosu. <https://covid19. saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • Serrano, F., & Kazda, A. (2020). The future of airport post Covid-19. Journal of Air Transport Management. 89(2020):1-10. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101900
  • SHGM (Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü) (2020). 2019 yılı faaliyet raporu. <http://web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/ pdf/kurumsal/faaliyet/2019.pdf> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • Sobieralski, J.B. (2020). Covid-19 and airline employment: ınsights from historical uncertainty shocks to the ındustry. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5(2020):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100123
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) (2020). Havaalanlarında yolcu ve yük taşımacılığı: 1960-2018. <http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1051> Son erişim 07.09.2020
  • Wilder-Smith, A. (2006). The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): impact on travel and tourism. Journal of Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 4(2):53-60. https://doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.04.004
  • Yılmaz, Ö. (2017). 1847-1848 Kolera salgını ve Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki etkileri. Avrasya İncelemeleri Dergisi. VI(1): 23-55. https://doi: 10.26650/jes371499

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air transportation in Turkey

Year 2020, Issue: 76, 45 - 58, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.800559

Abstract

Airline transportation almost completely came to a standstill on a global scale for the first time due to the Covid-19 Pandemic process. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on airline transportation in Turkey. The study has been formed within the framework of data evaluation. The basic data of this study is general airline transportation statistics from Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) and monthly airline transportation data from State Airports Authority (DHMI). That situation in the world due to pandemic has also experienced similarly in Turkey. The measures and restrictions taken in this process brought about a significant decrease in the number of passengers and the amount of cargo compared to the previous periods. In the January-August period of 2020, there was a 62.8% decrease in total passenger transportation compared to the same period of the previous year. In the same period, a total decrease of 45.4% was experienced in freight transportation. Considering the top 10 airports in 2019 in Turkey; at the end of August 2020, Antalya Airport experienced the highest proportional decrease in total passenger transportation (80.1%) and freight transportation (80.5%) compared to the same period of 2019.

References

  • Airporthaber, (2020). THY anlaşmanın detaylarını açıkladı. <https:// www.airporthaber. com/havacilik-haberleri/son-dakika-thy-anlasmanin- detaylarini-acikladi.html> Son erişim 19.09.2020
  • Albers, S.,& Rundshagen, V. (2020). European airlines strategic responses to the Covid-19 pandemic (january-may, 2020). Journal of Air Transport Management. 87(2020):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101863
  • Arık, F. (1991). Selçuklular zamanında Anadolu’da veba salgınları. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(26):27-57. https://dergipark.org.tr/ tr/pub/tariharastirmalari/issue/47856/604440
  • ATAG (2020). (Aviation benefits beyond borders) employment-aviation benefit 2020. <https://aviationbenefits.org/economic-growth/ supporting-employment/> Son erişim. 11.09.2020
  • Bowen, J. & Laroe, C. (2006). Airline networks and the ınternational diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The Geographical Journal. 172(2):130–144.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2006.00196.x
  • Çeçen, S. (2020). Çivi yazılı belgelerde Anadolu’da salgın hastalık. Kafdağı Dergisi, 5(1):13-17.
  • https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kafdagi/issue/55306/740784 DHMİ (Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi) (2020a). 2019 havayolu sektör raporu. https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Lists/HavaYoluSektorRaporlari/ Attachments/13/2019%20Havayolu%20Sekt%- C3%B6r%20Raporu.pdf Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • DHMİ (Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi) (2020b). Havayolu istatistikleri. <https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Istatistikler.aspx> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • DSÖ (Dünya Sağlık Örgütü) (2020). who coronavirus disease (covid- 19) dashboard. <https://covid19.who.int/table> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • Gardner, L.M., Chughtai, A. A., & MacIntyre, C. R. (2016). Risk of global spread of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Mers-Cov) via the air transport network. Journal of Travel Medicine. 23(6): 1–8. https://doi: 10.1093/jtm/taw063
  • Graham, A., Kremarik, F., & Kruse, W. (2020). Attitudes of ageing passengers to air travel since the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 87(2020):1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101865
  • Hays, J.N. (2005). Epidemics and pandemics: their ımpacts on human history. Abc-clio Publication. ISBN: 1-85109-658-2
  • IATA (International Air Transport Association) (2020), World air transport statistics 2019. <https://www.iata.org/en/publications/ store/world-air-transport-statistics/> Son erişim 19.09.2020
  • ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) (2020). Effects of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on civil aviation: economic ımpact analysis. Air Transport Bureau. Montréal, Canada 19 August 2020. <https://www.icao.int/ sustainability/Documents/ COVID-19/ICAO%20COVID% 202020%2008%2019%20 Economic% 20Impact.pdf> Son erişim 19.09.2020
  • Kierzkowski, A., & Kisiel, T. (2020). Simulation model of security control lane operation in the state of the Covid-19 epidemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 88(2020):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101868
  • Knoema (2019a). Passengers carried by air transport. <https://knoema. com/atlas/topics/Transportation/Air-transport/Passengers- carried-by-air-transport>. Son erişim 08.09.2020
  • Knoema (2019b). air transport freight. <https://knoema.com/atlas/ topics/Transportation/Air-transport/Air-transport-freight> Son erişim 08.09.2020
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2020). Turizm istatistikleri. <https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-9851/turizm-istatistikleri.html> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • Lamb, T.L., Winter, S. R., Rice, S., Ruskin, K.J., & Vaughn, A. (2020). Factors that predict passengers willingness to fly during and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 89(2020):1-10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101897
  • Li, T. (2020). A SWOT Analysis of China’s air cargo sector in the context of Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 88(2020):1-6.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101875
  • Macilree, J., & Duval, D.T. (2020). Aeropolitics in a post-Covid-19 World. Journal of Air Transport Management. 88(2020):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101864
  • Majic, Z., Jukic, I., & Pavlin. S. (2009). Air transport and logistics in pandemic outbreak of Influenza A (H1N1) virus. Promet-Traffic &Transportation, 21(6): 441-450. https://traffic.fpz.hr/index.php/PROMTT/article/view/258
  • Mazareanu, E. (2020). Coronavirus: impact on the aviation industry worldwide-statistics & facts. <https://www.statista.com/topics/ 6178/coronavirus-impact-on-the-aviation-industry-worldwide/> Son erişim 08.09.2020.
  • Mclafferty, S. (2010). Placing pandemics: geographical dimensions of vulnerability and spread. Eurasian Geography and Economics. 51(2):143-161. https://doi.org/10.2747/1539-7216.51.2.143
  • Naboush, E., & Alnimer, R. (2020). Air Carrier’s liability for the safety of passengers during Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management. 89(2020):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101896
  • NTV (2020). <https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/yurtdisi-ucuslar-buay- basliyoriste-ilk-ucus-tarihleri-ve-rotalari,eqd-DupVWEO6B0JmgtMMXw> Son erişim 12.11.2020
  • Özkaya, H. (2016). Cumhuriyet döneminde bulaşıcı hastalıklarla mücadele. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi. 20(2):77-84. https://doi: 10.15511/tahd.16.21677
  • Rodrigue, J.P., Luke, T., & Osterholm, M. (2020). Transportation and pandemics. <https://transportgeography.org/?page_id=8869> Son erişim 08.05.2020
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020). Genel koronavirüs tablosu. <https://covid19. saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • Serrano, F., & Kazda, A. (2020). The future of airport post Covid-19. Journal of Air Transport Management. 89(2020):1-10. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101900
  • SHGM (Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü) (2020). 2019 yılı faaliyet raporu. <http://web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/ pdf/kurumsal/faaliyet/2019.pdf> Son erişim 18.09.2020
  • Sobieralski, J.B. (2020). Covid-19 and airline employment: ınsights from historical uncertainty shocks to the ındustry. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 5(2020):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100123
  • TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) (2020). Havaalanlarında yolcu ve yük taşımacılığı: 1960-2018. <http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1051> Son erişim 07.09.2020
  • Wilder-Smith, A. (2006). The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): impact on travel and tourism. Journal of Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 4(2):53-60. https://doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2005.04.004
  • Yılmaz, Ö. (2017). 1847-1848 Kolera salgını ve Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki etkileri. Avrasya İncelemeleri Dergisi. VI(1): 23-55. https://doi: 10.26650/jes371499
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Human Geography
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Muzaffer Bakırcı 0000-0002-4848-3086

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Acceptance Date December 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 76

Cite

APA Bakırcı, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye havayolu ulaşımına etkisi. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi(76), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.800559

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Publisher: Turkish Geographical Society