İnsan Parainfluenza Virüsü 'nün Çocuk Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Bir Klinik Araştırma

Year 2024, Articles Online First, 1 - 4

Furkan Kalaycı , Ece Karaköse , Ayça Çırak , Metin Yiğit

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1487615

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, İnsan Parainfluenza Virüsü (HPIV) enfeksiyonlarının çocuklarda klinik özelliklerini belirlemek, morbidite ve mortalite oranlarını değerlendirmek, ve kronik hastalıkların bu enfeksiyonların seyrine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, Ağustos 2019-Temmuz 2023 tarihleri arasında Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Hastanesi’ne başvuran, solunum yolu viral panelinde HPIV pozitifliği saptanan 0-18 yaş arası çocuklar üzerinde retrospektif ve kesitsel olarak yapılmıştır. Çoklu virüs pozitifliği gösteren hastalar çalışma dışında bırakılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS 23.0 kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve p < 0.050 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 160 hasta dahil edildi ve bunların %61.2’si erkek, %38.8’i kadındı. En sık başvuru şikayetleri öksürük (%66.3) ve ateş (%52.5)’di. Hastaların %41.2’si yatırılarak tedavi edilmiş, %19.6’sı yoğun bakım ünitesinde
tedavi görmüştür. İnvaziv veya noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacı %10 olarak gözlenmiştir. Akciğer infiltrasyonu ve kronik hastalık varlığının hipoksi ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkisi bulunmuştur (p<0.001).

Sonuç: HPIV enfeksiyonları genellikle hafif seyirli olsa da, kronik hastalığı olan çocuklarda ciddi morbiditelere ve yoğun bakım ihtiyacına yol açabilmektedir. Bu bulgular, HPIV enfeksiyonu olan çocuklarda dikkatli klinik değerlendirme ve yakın takip gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, pediatrik yaş grubunda HPIV enfeksiyonlarının yönetimi ve tedavi stratejilerinin belirlenmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

Keywords

Çocuk, Parainfluenza Virüs, Pnömoni, Üst Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyon

The Impact of Human Parainfluenza Virus on Child Health: A Clinical Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to identify the clinical characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) infections in children, evaluate morbidity and mortality rates, and investigate the impact of chronic diseases on the course of these infections.

Material and Methods: The research was conducted retrospectively and cross-sectionally on children aged 0-18 who tested positive for HPIV in the respiratory viral panel at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Children’s Hospital between August 2019 and July 2023. Patients with multiple virus positivity were excluded from the study.

Results: The study included 160 patients, of whom 61.2% were male and 38.8% were female. The most common presenting symptoms were cough (66.3%) and fever (52.5%). Of the patients, 41.2% were treated as inpatients, and 19.6% received care in the intensive care unit. The need for invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation was observed in 10% of the patients. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of lung infiltration and chronic disease with hypoxia (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: While HPIV infections are generally mild, they can lead to significant morbidity and the need for intensive care in children with chronic diseases. These findings highlight the necessity for careful clinical evaluation and close monitoring of children with HPIV infections. The study’s results may contribute to the management and treatment strategies for HPIV infections in the pediatric population.

Keywords

Child, Parainfluenza Virus, Pneumonia, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

References

• Branche AR, Falsey AR. Respiratory Viral Infections: Parainfluenza Virus Infection. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016;37:538-54.
• Henrickson KJ. Parainfluenza Viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003;16:242.
• Calvo C, García-García ML, Ambrona P, Rico M, Pozo F, Del Mar Molinero M, et al. The burden of infections by parainfluenza virus in hospitalized children in Spain. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011;30:792–4.
• Chemaly RF, Hanmod SS, Rathod DB, Ghantoji SS, Jiang Y, Doshi A, et al. The characteristics and outcomes of parainfluenza virus infections in 200 patients with leukemia or recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2012;119:2738–45.
• Sato M, Wright PF. Current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008;27: S123-5.
• Wolf DG, Greenberg D, Kalkstein D, Shemer-Avni Y, Givon-Lavi N, Saleh N, et al. Comparison of human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:320–4.
• Weinberg GA. Parainfluenza viruses: an underappreciated cause of pediatric respiratory morbidity. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:447–8.
• Howard LM, Edwards KM, Zhu Y, Williams DJ, Self WH, Jain S, et al. Parainfluenza Virus Types 1–3 Infections Among Children and Adults Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2021;73:e4433.
• Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. Seasonality of influenza and other respiratory viruses. EMBO Mol Med 2022;14: e15352.
• Fé MMM, Monteiro AJ, Moura FEA. Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects. Braz J Infect Dis 2008;12:192–7.
• Maykowski P, Smithgall M, Zachariah P, Oberhardt M, Vargas C, Reed C, et al. Seasonality and clinical impact of human parainfluenza viruses. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018;12:706-16.
• Wu W, Tang YW. Emerging Molecular Assays for Detection and Characterization of Respiratory Viruses. Clin Lab Med 2009;29:673-93.
• Russell E, Ison MG. Parainfluenza Virus in the Hospitalized Adult. Clin Infect Dis 2017;65:1570–6.
• Alimi Y, Lim WS, Lansbury L, Leonardi-Bee J, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Systematic review of respiratory viral pathogens identified in adults with community-acquired pneumonia in Europe. J Clin Virol 2017;95:26-35.
• Jarvis WR, Middleton PJ, Gelfand EW. Parainfluenza pneumonia in severe combined immunodeficiency disease. J Pediatr 1979;94:423–5.
• Apalsch AM, Green M, Ledesma-Medina J, Nour B, Wald ER. Parainfluenza and influenza virus infections in pediatric organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:394–9.
• Pecchini R, Berezin EN, Souza MC, de Andrade Vaz-de-Lima L, Sato N, Salgado M, et al. Parainfluenza virus as a cause of acute respiratory infection in hospitalized children. Braz J Infect Dis 2015;19:358-62.
• Vega-Briceño LE, Pulgar BD, Potin SM, Ferres GM, Sánchez DI. Clinical and epidemiological manifestations of parainfluenza infection in hospitalized children. Rev Chilena Infectol 2007;24:377–83.
• Swamy MA, Malhotra B, Reddy PVJ, Kumar N, Tiwari JK, Gupta ML. Distribution and Trends of Human Parainfluenza Viruses in Hospitalised Children. Indian J Pediatr 2016;83:1109-13.
• Howard LM, Rankin DA, Spieker AJ, Gu W, Haddadin Z, Probst V, et al. Clinical features of parainfluenza infections among young children hospitalized for acute respiratory illness in Amman, Jordan. BMC Infect Dis 2021;21:323.