Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Respiratory Symptoms and Asthma Control in Pediatric Patients with Asthma

Year 2024, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 117 - 123, 18.03.2024

Azize Pınar Metbulut , Deniz Yılmaz , İlknur Külhaş Çelik , Ersoy Civelek , Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu , Muge Toyran

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1354529

Abstract

Objective: After Covid-19 infection, many patients complain of persistent symptoms. There are limited studies evaluating the long-term consequences of COVID-19, in pediatric patients with asthma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the persistence of symptoms and asthma control in asthmatic children during follow-up after COVID-19 infection.
Material and Methods: Children with asthma who were admitted to our hospital between March 11, 2020, and August 31, 2021, for COVID-19 infection were included. Patients were evaluated for long- term symptoms and asthma control through phone interviews at least 6 months after infection.
Results: Eighty-five children with asthma were evaluated. The median duration of follow-up was 20 months. Patients experiencing symptoms after 1 month, 3 month and 6 month of COVID were 45.8% (n:39), 30.6% (n:26), and 23.5% (n:20) respectively. The most common symptom was cough. No significant relationship was found between time period from the date of COVID-19 to phone call and symptom persistence. Patients adopting a new pet and having stress were significantly higher in group of patients having symptoms at first month. Frequency of being well controlled was not different before and at 1 and 6 month of infection.
Conclusion: This study suggests that respiratory symptoms may persist in pediatric asthma patients for an extended period after COVID-19 infection.

Keywords

Asthma, Child, COVID-19

Coronavirüs enfeksiyonu olan pediatrik astımlı hastaların uzun vadede değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, COVİD-19 enfeksiyonu sonrası astımlı çocukların persistan semptomlarını ve astım control durumlarını değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 11 Mart 2020 ve 31 Ağustos 2021 arasında astım tanısı olan ve COVİD-19 enfeksiyonu olan çocuklar alınmıştır. Hastalara telefon görüşmesi aracılığıyla, COVİD-19 enfeksiyonundan en az 6 ay sonra, uzun dönem semptom ve astım kontrolü için değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Astımlı 58 çocuk değerlendirildi. Ortanca izlem süresi 20 aydı. COVİD-19 enfeksiyonundan 1, 3 ve 6 ay sonra halen semptomu olan hastalar sırasıyla %45.8 (n:39), %30.6 (n:26), ve %23.5 (n:20) olarak saptandı. En sık saptanan semptom öksürüktü. COVİD-19 enfeksiyonu geçirdikleri tarihten telefon görüşmesine kadar olan süre ile semptom persistansı arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. COVİD-19 enfeksiyonu sonrası 1.ayında semptomu sebat edenlerde anlamlı olarak yeni evcil hayvan sahiplenme ve stresli olma daha fazla saptandı.
Astımda iyi kontrollü olma durumu enfeksiyon öncesi dönem, enfeksiyon sonrası 1. ve 6.ayda anlamlı olarak farklı olmadığı saptandı.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, pediatrik astım tanısı olan çocuklarda semptomların uzun süre devam edebileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Asthma, Çocuk, COVİD-19

References

• Jiang F, Deng L, Zhang L, Cai Y, Cheung CW, Xia Z. Review of Clinical Characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Gen Intern Med 2020;35:1545-9.
• Ludvigsson J. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr 2020;109:1088-95.
• CDC COVID data tracker [Internet]. Available from: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid- data- tracker/#demographics.2022.
• Chibba KD, Patel GB, Vu THT. Prevalence and characterization of asthma in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;146:307-314.e4.
• https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_national_asthma_data.htm.2022.
• Selçuk ZT, Demir AU, Tabakoglu E, Caglar T. Prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in primary school children in Edirne, Turkey, two surveys 10 years apart. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010;21:e711-7.
• Bayram I, Güneşer-Kendirli S, Yılmaz M, Ufuk Altıntaş D, Alparslan N, Bingöl Karakoç G. The prevelance of asthma and allergic diseases in children of school age in Adana in southern Turkey. In Turk J Pediatr 2004;46:221-5.
• Metbulut AP, Mustafaoğlu Ö, Şen G, et al. Evaluation of Clinical and laboratory findings of asthmatic children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021;182:989-96.
• https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/asthma.html.2022
• https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2020/04/asthma/.2022
• https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/2022.
• Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, Gemelli Against C-P-ACSG. Persistent symptoms in patients after Acute COVID-19. JAMA 2020;324:603–05.
• Chopra V, Flanders SA, O’Malley M, Malani AN, Prescott HC. Sixty- day outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 2020;11:M20–5661.
• Afrin LB, Weinstock LB, Molderings GJ. Covid-19 hyperin amma- tion and post- Covid-19 illness may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome. Int J Infect Dis 2020;100:327–32.
• Dobkin SCL, Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow S. Protracted respiratory findings in children post-SARS-Cov-2 infection. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021;56:3682-7.
• Hoffman CL, Thibault M, Hong J. Characterizing pet acquisition and retention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:781403.
• Kalinowski J, Wurtz H, Baird M, Willen S. Shouldering the load yet again: Black women’s experiences of stress during COVID-19. SSM Ment Health 2022;12:100140.
• Song WJ, Hui CKM, Hull JH, Birring SS, McGarvey L, Mazzone SB, Chung KF. Confronting COVID-19-associated cough and the post-COVID syndrome: role of viral neurotropism, neuroinflammation, and neuroimmune responses. Lancet Respir Med 2021;9:533-44.
• López Castro J. Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PC19S): chronic reactive endotheliitis and disseminated vascular disease. Acta Med Port 2020;33:859.
• Yang Z, Wang X, Wan XG, Wang ML, Qiu ZH, Chen JL, et al. Pediatric asthma control during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022;57:20-5.
• Moreno-Sanchez E, Castillo-Viera E, Velez-Moreno E, Gago-Valiente FJ. Facts and challenges about asthma and COVID-19 among paediatric population: A systematic literature review. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021;57:1306.