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Anaphylaxis: Current Approach

Year 2024, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 146 - 151, 18.03.2024

Deniz Yılmaz , Zeynep Sengul Emeksiz , Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1408171

Abstract

Anaphylaxis is the most important acute systemic allergic reaction. The incidence of anaphylaxis has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, all healthcare providers should know the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis. In this article, the current approach to anaphylaxis is presented, considering the criteria accepted by the World Allergy Organization (WAO) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EACCI). Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. However, it is still not used at the desired level. Children at risk of anaphylaxis should be trained to use adrenaline autoinjectors. After anaphylaxis develops, children should be referred to an allergist to investigate the underlying causes.

Keywords

Anaphylaxis Current approach children

References

  • Cardona V, Ansotegui IJ, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal Y, Fernandez Rivas M, Fineman S, et al. World allergy organization anaphylaxis guidance 2020. World Allergy Organ J 2020;13:100472.
  • Muraro A, Worm M, Alviani C, Cardona V, DunnGalvin A, Garvey LH, et al. EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update). Allergy 2022;77:357-77.
  • Yu JE, Lin RY. The Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018;54:366-74.
  • Wang Y, Allen KJ, Suaini NHA, McWilliam V, Peters RL, Koplin JJ. The global incidence and prevalence of anaphylaxis in children in the general population: A systematic review. Allergy 2019;74:1063-80.
  • Tejedor-Alonso MA, Moro-Moro M, Múgica-García MV. Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis: Contributions From the Last 10 Years. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2015;25:163-75.
  • Turner PJ, Campbell DE, Motosue MS, Campbell RL. Global Trends in Anaphylaxis Epidemiology and Clinical Implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8:1169-76.
  • Dibek Misirlioglu E, Vezir E, Toyran M, Capanoglu M, Guvenir H, Civelek E, et al. Clinical diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis in infancy. Allergy Asthma Proc 2017;38:38-43.
  • Muñoz-Cano R, Pascal M, Araujo G, Goikoetxea MJ, Valero AL, Picado C, et al. Mechanisms, Cofactors, and Augmenting Factors Involved in Anaphylaxis. Front immunol 2017;8:1193.
  • Worm M, Francuzik W, Renaudin J-M, Bilo MB, Cardona V, Scherer Hofmeier K, et al. Factors increasing the risk for a severe reaction in anaphylaxis: An analysis of data from The European Anaphylaxis Registry. Allergy 2018;73:1322-30.
  • Turner PJ, Jerschow E, Umasunthar T, Lin R, Campbell DE, Boyle RJ. Fatal Anaphylaxis: Mortality Rate and Risk Factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5:1169-78.
  • Anagnostou K. Anaphylaxis in Children: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Management. Cur Pediatr Rev 2018;14:180-6.
  • Nassiri M, Babina M, Dölle S, Edenharter G, Ruëff F, Worm M. Ramipril and metoprolol intake aggravate human and murine anaphylaxis: evidence for direct mast cell priming. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;135:491-9.
  • Tejedor-Alonso MA, Farias-Aquino E, Pérez-Fernández E, Grifol-Clar E, Moro-Moro M, Rosado-Ingelmo A. Relationship Between Anaphylaxis and Use of Beta-Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019;7:879-97.e5.
  • Sala-Cunill A, Cardona V. Definition, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Curr Treat Options Allergy 2015;2:207-17.
  • Peavy RD, Metcalfe DD. Understanding the mechanisms of anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;8:310-5.
  • Baldo B, Pham N. Histamine-releasing and allergenic properties of opioid analgesic drugs: resolving the two. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012;40:216-35.
  • Grabenhenrich LB, Dölle S, Moneret-Vautrin A, Köhli A, Lange L, Spindler T, et al. Anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: The European Anaphylaxis Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016;137:1128-37.e1.
  • Civelek E, Erkoçoğlu M, Akan A, Özcan C, Kaya A, Vezir E, et al. The Etiology and Clinical Features of Anaphylaxis in a developing country: A nationwide survey in Turkey. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2017;35:212-9.
  • Turgay Yagmur I, Kulhas Celik I, Yilmaz Topal O, Civelek E, Toyran M, Karaatmaca B, et al. The Etiology, Clinical Features, and Severity of Anaphylaxis in Childhood by Age Groups. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2022;183:600-10.
  • Cavkaytar O, Karaatmaca B, Cetinkaya PG, Esenboga S, Yilmaz EA, Sahiner UM, et al. Characteristics of drug-induced anaphylaxis in children and adolescents. Allergy Asthma Proc 2017;38:56-63.
  • Fouda GE, Bavbek S. Rituximab Hypersensitivity: From Clinical Presentation to Management. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:572863.
  • Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, Oppenheimer J, Bernstein JA, Campbell RL, et al. Anaphylaxis-a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;145:1082-123.
  • Harrison RG, MacRae M, Karsh J, Santucci S, Yang WH. Anaphylaxis and serum sickness in patients receiving omalizumab: reviewing the data in light of clinical experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015;115:77-8.
  • Chinuki Y, Morita E. Alpha-Gal-containing biologics and anaphylaxis. Allergol Int 2019;68:296-300.
  • Toletone A, Dini G, Massa E, Bragazzi NL, Pignatti P, Voltolini S, et al. Chlorhexidine-induced anaphylaxis occurring in the workplace in a health-care worker: case report and review of the literature. Med lav 2018;109:68-76.
  • Wylon K, Dölle S, Worm M. Polyethylene glycol as a cause of anaphylaxis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2016;12:67.
  • Mertes PM, Ebo DG, Garcez T, Rose M, Sabato V, Takazawa T, et al. Comparative epidemiology of suspected perioperative hypersensitivity reactions. Br J Anaesth 2019;123:e16-e28.
  • Turgay Yagmur I, Kulhas Celik I, Yilmaz Topal O, Toyran M, Civelek E, Dibek Misirlioglu E. Development of anaphylaxis upon oral food challenge and drug provocation tests in pediatric patients. Allergy Asthma Proc 2023;44:326-32.
  • Greenberger PA. Idiopathic anaphylaxis. Immunol Allergy Clin North A 2007;27:273-93, vii-viii.
  • Orhan F, Civelek E, Şahiner ÜM, Arga M, Can D, Çalıkaner AZ, et al. Anaphylaxis: Turkish National Guideline 2018. Asthma Allergy Immunology 2018;16 (Suppl. 1):01-62.
  • Simons FER, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, El-Gamal YM, Ledford DK, Ring J, et al. World allergy organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis. World Allergy Organ J 2011;4:13-37.
  • Sampson HA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, Adkinson NF, Bock SA, Branum A, et al. Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report--Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:391-7.
  • Turner PJ, Worm M, Ansotegui IJ, El-Gamal Y, Rivas MF, Fineman S, et al. Time to revisit the definition and clinical criteria for anaphylaxis? World Allergy Organ J 2019;12:100066.
  • Sala-Cunill A, Cardona V. Biomarkers of anaphylaxis, beyond tryptase. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;15:329-36.
  • Weiler CR, Austen KF, Akin C, Barkoff MS, Bernstein JA, Bonadonna P, et al. AAAAI Mast Cell Disorders Committee Work Group Report: Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) diagnosis and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019;144:883-96.
  • Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, Cardona V, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal YM, et al. International consensus on (ICON) anaphylaxis. World Allergy Organ J 2014;7:9.
  • Şengül Emeksiz Z, Yılmaz D, Alan B, Tunc SD, Dibek Mısırlıoğlu E. Clinical utility of serum tryptase levels in pediatric anaphylaxis. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022;43:e40-e6.
  • Valent P, Akin C, Arock M, Brockow K, Butterfield JH, Carter MC, et al. Definitions, criteria and global classification of mast cell disorders with special reference to mast cell activation syndromes: a consensus proposal. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012;157:215-25.
  • Passia E, Jandus P. Using Baseline and Peak Serum Tryptase Levels to Diagnose Anaphylaxis: a Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020;58:366-76.
  • Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, Bilò MB, Brockow K, Fernández Rivas M, et al. Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 2014;69:1026-45.
  • Erkoçoğlu M, Civelek E, Azkur D, Özcan C, Öztürk K, Kaya A, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians regarding food allergy and anaphylaxis in Turkey. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013;41:292-7.
  • Kurt NC, Kutlu N. Evaluation of pediatricians’ awareness about anaphylaxis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023;27: 53-61.
  • Grabenhenrich LB, Dölle S, Ruëff F, Renaudin JM, Scherer K, Pföhler C, et al. Epinephrine in Severe Allergic Reactions: The European Anaphylaxis Register. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018;6:1898-906.e1.
  • Campbell RL, Bellolio MF, Knutson BD, Bellamkonda VR, Fedko MG, Nestler DM, et al. Epinephrine in anaphylaxis: higher risk of cardiovascular complications and overdose after administration of intravenous bolus epinephrine compared with intramuscular epinephrine. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015;3:76-80.
  • Brown SG, Blackman KE, Stenlake V, Heddle RJ. Insect sting anaphylaxis; prospective evaluation of treatment with intravenous adrenaline and volume resuscitation. Emerg Med J 2004;21:149-54.
  • Gabrielli S, Clarke A, Morris J, Eisman H, Gravel J, Enarson P, et al. Evaluation of prehospital management in a Canadian emergency department anaphylaxis cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019;7:2232-8. e3.
  • Campbell DE. Anaphylaxis management: time to re-evaluate the role of corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019;7:2239-40.
  • Lieberman P, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Kemp SF, Lang DM, Bernstein DI, et al. The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis practice parameter: 2010 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:477-80. e42.
  • Lee S, Bellolio MF, Hess EP, Erwin P, Murad MH, Campbell RL. Time of onset and predictors of biphasic anaphylactic reactions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015;3:408-16. e2.

Anafilaksi: Güncel Yaklaşım

Year 2024, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 146 - 151, 18.03.2024

Deniz Yılmaz , Zeynep Sengul Emeksiz , Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.1408171

Abstract

Anafilaksi en önemli akut sistemik alerjik reaksiyondur. Anafilaksi insidansı son yıllarda giderek artmaktadır. Bu nedenle, tüm sağlık çalışanları anafilaksinin tanı ve yönetimini bilmelidir. Bu makalede, Dünya Alerji Örgütü (WAO) ve Avrupa Alerji ve Klinik İmmünoloji Akademisi (EACCI) tarafından kabul edilen kriterler göz önünde bulundurularak anafilaksiye güncel yaklaşım sunulmuştur. İntramüsküler epinefrin anafilaksi için ilk basamak tedavidir. Ancak hala istenilen düzeyde kullanılmamaktadır. Anafilaksi riski taşıyan çocuklar adrenalin otoenjektörlerini kullanmak üzere eğitilmelidir. Anafilaksi geliştikten sonra, altta yatan nedenlerin araştırılması için çocuklar bir alerji uzmanına yönlendirilmelidir.

Keywords

Anafilaksi Güncel yaklaşım çocuk

References

  • Cardona V, Ansotegui IJ, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal Y, Fernandez Rivas M, Fineman S, et al. World allergy organization anaphylaxis guidance 2020. World Allergy Organ J 2020;13:100472.
  • Muraro A, Worm M, Alviani C, Cardona V, DunnGalvin A, Garvey LH, et al. EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update). Allergy 2022;77:357-77.
  • Yu JE, Lin RY. The Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018;54:366-74.
  • Wang Y, Allen KJ, Suaini NHA, McWilliam V, Peters RL, Koplin JJ. The global incidence and prevalence of anaphylaxis in children in the general population: A systematic review. Allergy 2019;74:1063-80.
  • Tejedor-Alonso MA, Moro-Moro M, Múgica-García MV. Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis: Contributions From the Last 10 Years. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2015;25:163-75.
  • Turner PJ, Campbell DE, Motosue MS, Campbell RL. Global Trends in Anaphylaxis Epidemiology and Clinical Implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8:1169-76.
  • Dibek Misirlioglu E, Vezir E, Toyran M, Capanoglu M, Guvenir H, Civelek E, et al. Clinical diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis in infancy. Allergy Asthma Proc 2017;38:38-43.
  • Muñoz-Cano R, Pascal M, Araujo G, Goikoetxea MJ, Valero AL, Picado C, et al. Mechanisms, Cofactors, and Augmenting Factors Involved in Anaphylaxis. Front immunol 2017;8:1193.
  • Worm M, Francuzik W, Renaudin J-M, Bilo MB, Cardona V, Scherer Hofmeier K, et al. Factors increasing the risk for a severe reaction in anaphylaxis: An analysis of data from The European Anaphylaxis Registry. Allergy 2018;73:1322-30.
  • Turner PJ, Jerschow E, Umasunthar T, Lin R, Campbell DE, Boyle RJ. Fatal Anaphylaxis: Mortality Rate and Risk Factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5:1169-78.
  • Anagnostou K. Anaphylaxis in Children: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Management. Cur Pediatr Rev 2018;14:180-6.
  • Nassiri M, Babina M, Dölle S, Edenharter G, Ruëff F, Worm M. Ramipril and metoprolol intake aggravate human and murine anaphylaxis: evidence for direct mast cell priming. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;135:491-9.
  • Tejedor-Alonso MA, Farias-Aquino E, Pérez-Fernández E, Grifol-Clar E, Moro-Moro M, Rosado-Ingelmo A. Relationship Between Anaphylaxis and Use of Beta-Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019;7:879-97.e5.
  • Sala-Cunill A, Cardona V. Definition, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Curr Treat Options Allergy 2015;2:207-17.
  • Peavy RD, Metcalfe DD. Understanding the mechanisms of anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;8:310-5.
  • Baldo B, Pham N. Histamine-releasing and allergenic properties of opioid analgesic drugs: resolving the two. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012;40:216-35.
  • Grabenhenrich LB, Dölle S, Moneret-Vautrin A, Köhli A, Lange L, Spindler T, et al. Anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: The European Anaphylaxis Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016;137:1128-37.e1.
  • Civelek E, Erkoçoğlu M, Akan A, Özcan C, Kaya A, Vezir E, et al. The Etiology and Clinical Features of Anaphylaxis in a developing country: A nationwide survey in Turkey. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2017;35:212-9.
  • Turgay Yagmur I, Kulhas Celik I, Yilmaz Topal O, Civelek E, Toyran M, Karaatmaca B, et al. The Etiology, Clinical Features, and Severity of Anaphylaxis in Childhood by Age Groups. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2022;183:600-10.
  • Cavkaytar O, Karaatmaca B, Cetinkaya PG, Esenboga S, Yilmaz EA, Sahiner UM, et al. Characteristics of drug-induced anaphylaxis in children and adolescents. Allergy Asthma Proc 2017;38:56-63.
  • Fouda GE, Bavbek S. Rituximab Hypersensitivity: From Clinical Presentation to Management. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:572863.
  • Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, Oppenheimer J, Bernstein JA, Campbell RL, et al. Anaphylaxis-a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020;145:1082-123.
  • Harrison RG, MacRae M, Karsh J, Santucci S, Yang WH. Anaphylaxis and serum sickness in patients receiving omalizumab: reviewing the data in light of clinical experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015;115:77-8.
  • Chinuki Y, Morita E. Alpha-Gal-containing biologics and anaphylaxis. Allergol Int 2019;68:296-300.
  • Toletone A, Dini G, Massa E, Bragazzi NL, Pignatti P, Voltolini S, et al. Chlorhexidine-induced anaphylaxis occurring in the workplace in a health-care worker: case report and review of the literature. Med lav 2018;109:68-76.
  • Wylon K, Dölle S, Worm M. Polyethylene glycol as a cause of anaphylaxis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2016;12:67.
  • Mertes PM, Ebo DG, Garcez T, Rose M, Sabato V, Takazawa T, et al. Comparative epidemiology of suspected perioperative hypersensitivity reactions. Br J Anaesth 2019;123:e16-e28.
  • Turgay Yagmur I, Kulhas Celik I, Yilmaz Topal O, Toyran M, Civelek E, Dibek Misirlioglu E. Development of anaphylaxis upon oral food challenge and drug provocation tests in pediatric patients. Allergy Asthma Proc 2023;44:326-32.
  • Greenberger PA. Idiopathic anaphylaxis. Immunol Allergy Clin North A 2007;27:273-93, vii-viii.
  • Orhan F, Civelek E, Şahiner ÜM, Arga M, Can D, Çalıkaner AZ, et al. Anaphylaxis: Turkish National Guideline 2018. Asthma Allergy Immunology 2018;16 (Suppl. 1):01-62.
  • Simons FER, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, El-Gamal YM, Ledford DK, Ring J, et al. World allergy organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis. World Allergy Organ J 2011;4:13-37.
  • Sampson HA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, Adkinson NF, Bock SA, Branum A, et al. Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report--Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:391-7.
  • Turner PJ, Worm M, Ansotegui IJ, El-Gamal Y, Rivas MF, Fineman S, et al. Time to revisit the definition and clinical criteria for anaphylaxis? World Allergy Organ J 2019;12:100066.
  • Sala-Cunill A, Cardona V. Biomarkers of anaphylaxis, beyond tryptase. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;15:329-36.
  • Weiler CR, Austen KF, Akin C, Barkoff MS, Bernstein JA, Bonadonna P, et al. AAAAI Mast Cell Disorders Committee Work Group Report: Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) diagnosis and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019;144:883-96.
  • Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, Cardona V, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal YM, et al. International consensus on (ICON) anaphylaxis. World Allergy Organ J 2014;7:9.
  • Şengül Emeksiz Z, Yılmaz D, Alan B, Tunc SD, Dibek Mısırlıoğlu E. Clinical utility of serum tryptase levels in pediatric anaphylaxis. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022;43:e40-e6.
  • Valent P, Akin C, Arock M, Brockow K, Butterfield JH, Carter MC, et al. Definitions, criteria and global classification of mast cell disorders with special reference to mast cell activation syndromes: a consensus proposal. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012;157:215-25.
  • Passia E, Jandus P. Using Baseline and Peak Serum Tryptase Levels to Diagnose Anaphylaxis: a Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020;58:366-76.
  • Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, Bilò MB, Brockow K, Fernández Rivas M, et al. Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 2014;69:1026-45.
  • Erkoçoğlu M, Civelek E, Azkur D, Özcan C, Öztürk K, Kaya A, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians regarding food allergy and anaphylaxis in Turkey. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013;41:292-7.
  • Kurt NC, Kutlu N. Evaluation of pediatricians’ awareness about anaphylaxis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023;27: 53-61.
  • Grabenhenrich LB, Dölle S, Ruëff F, Renaudin JM, Scherer K, Pföhler C, et al. Epinephrine in Severe Allergic Reactions: The European Anaphylaxis Register. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018;6:1898-906.e1.
  • Campbell RL, Bellolio MF, Knutson BD, Bellamkonda VR, Fedko MG, Nestler DM, et al. Epinephrine in anaphylaxis: higher risk of cardiovascular complications and overdose after administration of intravenous bolus epinephrine compared with intramuscular epinephrine. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015;3:76-80.
  • Brown SG, Blackman KE, Stenlake V, Heddle RJ. Insect sting anaphylaxis; prospective evaluation of treatment with intravenous adrenaline and volume resuscitation. Emerg Med J 2004;21:149-54.
  • Gabrielli S, Clarke A, Morris J, Eisman H, Gravel J, Enarson P, et al. Evaluation of prehospital management in a Canadian emergency department anaphylaxis cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019;7:2232-8. e3.
  • Campbell DE. Anaphylaxis management: time to re-evaluate the role of corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019;7:2239-40.
  • Lieberman P, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Kemp SF, Lang DM, Bernstein DI, et al. The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis practice parameter: 2010 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:477-80. e42.
  • Lee S, Bellolio MF, Hess EP, Erwin P, Murad MH, Campbell RL. Time of onset and predictors of biphasic anaphylactic reactions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015;3:408-16. e2.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases, Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section REVIEW
Authors

Deniz Yılmaz 0000-0002-9961-8016

Zeynep Sengul Emeksiz 0000-0001-7648-0352

Emine Dibek Mısırlıoğlu 0000-0002-3241-2005

Early Pub Date March 6, 2024
Publication Date March 18, 2024
Submission Date December 23, 2023
Acceptance Date February 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Yılmaz D, Sengul Emeksiz Z, Dibek Mısırlıoğlu E. Anaphylaxis: Current Approach. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2024;18(2):146-51.


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