Viscometric Investigation of Compatibilizer Effect on Polyvinyl chloride/Polystyrene Blends

Year 2022, , 171 - 177, 29.09.2022

Ersen Yılmaz , Ali Boztuğ

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1134912

Abstract

In this study, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) polymers, which do not form a compatible blend with each other in certain concentration ranges and are widely used on an industrial scale, were used. The concentration range in which these two polymers do not form a compatible blend were determined viscometrically, and maleic anhydride-styrene (MAS) copolymer was added as a compatibilizing agent in this concentration range. The concentration range in which the polymer pair did not form a compatible blend was determined as 1.5 and 2.0 g dL-1. In this concentration range, 5.0 and 10.0 % MAS copolymer was added to the polymer couple and its compatibilizing effect was investigated. It was determined by viscometric method that the MAS copolymer was a good compatibilizer in the range where the polymer pair did not form a compatible blend.

Keywords

compatibilization, maleic anhydride, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride

Supporting Institution

Cumhuriyet University Scientific Research and Projects (CUBAP)

Project Number

F-184

Polivinilklorür/Polistiren Karışımlarına Uyumlaştırıcı Etkisinin Viskozimetrik İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada belirli derişim aralıklarında birbirleriyle uyumlu karışım oluşturmayan ve endüstriyel ölçekte yaygın kullanıma sahip polivinilklorür (PVC) ve polistiren (PS) polimeleri kullanıldı. Bu iki polimerin uyumlu karışım oluşturmadığı derişim aralığı viskozimetrik yolla belirlenerek bu derişim aralığında maleik anhidrit-stiren (MAS) ko-polimeri uyumlaştırıcı ajan olarak eklendi. Polimer çiftinin uyumlu karışım oluşturmadığı derişim aralığı 1.5 ve 2.0 g dL-1 olarak saptandı. Bu derişim aralığında polimer çiftine % 5.0 ve 10.0 oranlarında MAS ko-polimeri eklenerek uyumlaştırıcı etkisi araştırıldı. Eklenen ko-polimerin PVC/PS polimer çifti için iyi bir uyumlaştırıcı olduğu belirlendi.

Keywords

maleik anhidrit, polistiren, polivinilklorür, uyumlaştırma

Project Number

F-184

References

• [1] Jayakumar A., Radoor S., Radhakrishnan E.K., Nair I. C., Siengchin S., Parameswaranpillai J., 3 - Soy protein-based polymer blends and composites, Editor(s): Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Suchart Siengchin, M. Ramesh, In Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, Biodegradable Polymers, Blends and Composites,Woodhead Publishing, 2022, Pages 39-57.
• [2] Sabzi F., Chapter 24 - Gas Transport Through Polymer Blends, Editor(s): Sabu Thomas, Runcy Wilson, Anil Kumar S., Soney C. George, Transport Properties of Polymeric Membranes, Elsevier, 2018, Pages 517-532, ISBN 9780128098844.
• [3] Yilmaz E. Compatibilization of polyvinyl chloride - polymethyl methacrylate polymer blends with maleic anhydride-styrene-methyl methacrylate terpolymer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2022, 139(10), 51745.
• [4] Imren Koç D., Koç M. L. Fuzzy viscometric analysis of polymer-polymer miscibility based on fuzzy regression. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 2016, 157, 58-66.
• [5] Siskey R., Smelt H., Boon-Ceelen K., Persson M., 22 - UHMWPE Homocomposites and Fibers, Editor(s): Steven M. Kurtz, UHMWPE Biomaterials Handbook (Third Edition), William Andrew Publishing, 016, Pages 398-411, ISBN 9780323354011.
• [6] Biron M., 3 - Recycling: The First Source of Renewable Plastics, Editor(s): Michel Biron, In Plastics Design Library, Industrial Applications of Renewable Plastics, William Andrew Publishing, 2017, Pages 67-114, ISBN 9780323480659.
• [7] Huang JY. and Jiang WC. Effects of chemical composition and structure of unsaturated polyester resins on the miscibility, cured sample morphology and mechanical properties for styrene/unsaturated polyester/low-profile additive ternary systems. 1: Miscibility and cured sample morphology. Polymer, 1998, 39(25), 6631-6641.
• [8] Imren D., Boztug A., Basan S. Investigation Of Miscibility Of Poly(vinyl chloride) With Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) By Viscosimetric Method. Material Research Innovations, 2006, 10(2), xlvii-xlviii.
• [9] Bensemra NB., Bedda A., Belaabed A. Study of the properties of rigid and plasticized PVC/PMMA blends. Macromolecular Symposia, 2003, 202, 151-165.
• [10] Krache R., Benachour D., Pötschke P. Binary and ternary blends of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyamide 6,6: The effect of compatibilization on the morphology and rheology. J. Appl Polym. Sci., 2004, 94 (5), 1976-1985.
• [11] Sivalingam G., Madras G. Thermal degradation of ternary blends of poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(vinyl chloride). J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2004, 93(3), 1378-1383.
• [12] Boztug A., Yilmaz E. Effects of reactive terpolymer containing maleic anhydride on thermomechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) based multicomponent blends. Materials Research Innovations, 2007, 11(3), 158-160.
• [13] Ubonnut L., Thongyai S., Praserthdam P. Interfacial adhesion enhancement of polyethylene–polypropylene mixtures by adding synthesized diisocyanate compatibilizers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007, 104(6), 3766-3773.
• [14] Imren Koç D., Özel Ergün N., Koç M. L. Prediction of miscibility of sodium alginate/poly(ethylene glycol) blends by fuzzy systems. Journal the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 2019, 34(2), 635-646.
• [15] Villarreal ME., Tapia M., Nuño-Donlucas, SM., Puig, JE., González-Núñez, R. Mechanical properties of polystyrene/polyamide 6 blends compatibilized with the ionomer poly(styrene-co-sodium acrylate). J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2004, 92(4), 2545-2551.
• [16] Imren D. Compatibilization of immiscible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/polystyrene (PS) blends with maleic anhydride–styrene–vinyl acetate terpolymer (MAStVA), Journal of Molecular Structure, 2010, 963(2-3), 245-249.
• [17] Tol RT., Groeninckx G., Vinckier I., Moldenaers P., Mewis J. Phase morphology and stability of co-continuous (PPE/PS)/PA6 and PS/PA6 blends: effect of rheology and reactive compatibilization. Polymer, 2004, 45(8), 2587-2601.
• [18] Paul DR. and Barlow JW. A brief review of polymer blend technology, Advances in Chemistry, 1979, 176, 315–335.
• [19] Visakh PM., Gordana M., and Daniel P. Recent Developments in Polymer Macro, Micro and Nano Blends: Preparation and Characterization, Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, U.K. 2016.
• [20] Fu X., and Qutubuddin S. Polymer-clay nanocomposites: exfoliation of organophilic montmorillonite nanolayers in polystyrene. Polymer, 2001, 42(2), 807–813.
• [21] Vasanth CS., Chongchen X., and Nikhil G. In Hybrid and Hierarchical Composite Materials, Springer, Cham, Switzerland. 2015.
• [22] Gupta RK., and Bhattacharya SN. Polymer-clay nanocomposites: current status and challenges. Indian Chemical Engineer, 2008, 50, 242–267.
• [23] Paul DR., and Barlow JW. Polymer blends. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C, 1980, 18(1), 109–168.
• [24] Lizymol PP., and Thomas S. Miscibility studies of polymer blends by viscometry methods. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1994, 51(4), 635–641.
• [25] Fekete E., Földes E., and Pukánszky B. Effect of molecular interactions on the miscibility and structure of polymer blends. European Polymer Journal, 2005, 41(4), 727–736.
• [26] Jukic A., Rogosic M., Franjic I., and Soljic I. Molecular interaction in some polymeric additive solutions containing styrene-hydrogenated butadiene copolymer. European Polymer, 2009, 45, 2594–2599.
• [27] Tanrattanakul V., Petchkaew A. Mechanical properties and blend compatibility of natural rubber –chlorosulfonated polyethylene blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006, 99(1), 127-140.
• [28] Wiebking HE. Increasing the flexural modulus of rigid PVC at elevated temperatures. Journal of Vinyl&Additive Technology, 2006, 12(1), 37-40.
• [29] Genovese A., Shanks RA. Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Poly(propylene) Blends with Poly[ethylene-co-(methyl acrylate)]. MacromolecularMaterials and Engineering. 2004, 289(1), 20-32.
• [30] Lai S.-M., Li H.-C., Liao Y.-C. Properties and preparation of compatibilized nylon 6 nanocomposites/ABS blends: Part II – Physical and thermal properties. European Polymer Journal, 2007, 43(5), 1660-1671.
• [31] Mounir A., Darwish NA., Shehata A. Effect of maleic anhydride and liquid natural rubber as compatibilizers on the mechanical properties and impact resistance of the NR-NBR blend. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2004, 15(4), 209-213.
• [32] Ismail H., Supri, Yosuf, AMM. Blend of waste poly(vinylchloride) (PVCw)/acrylonitrile butadiene-rubber (NBR): the effect of maleic anhydride (MAH). Polymer Testing, 2004, 23(6), 675-683. [33] Araujo EM., Hage E. & Carvalho AJF. Morphological, mechanical and rheological properties of nylon 6/acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene blends compatibilized with MMA/MA copolymers. Journal of Materials Science 2003, 38, 3515–3520.
• [34] Cassu SN., & Felisberti MI. In situ compatibilization of polystyrene and polyurethane blends by using poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) as reactive compatibilizer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2001, 82, 2514-2524.
• [35] Mahendra I.P., Wirjosentono B., Tamrin. The influence of maleic anhydride-grafted polymers as compatibilizer on the properties of polypropylene and cyclic natural rubber blends. J Polym Res 2019, 26, 215.
• [36] Kameshwari Devi SH., Hatna S. The effect of styrene maleic anhydride compatibilizer on the performance of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blends, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, 46(7), 2510-2514.
• [37] Braun D., Fischer M. Mechanical behaviour of PWPVC blends compatibilized with block-graft copolymers based on poly(styrene-block-butadiene). Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie, 1995, 233, 77-87.
• [38] Abdelghany AM., El-Damrawi G., ElShahawy AG., Altomy NM. Structural Investigation of PVC/PS Polymer Blend Doped with Nanosilica from a Renewable Source. Silicon 2018, 10, 1013–1019.
• [39] Krigbaum WR, Wall FT. Viscosities of binary polymeric mixtures. J. Polym. Sci. 1950, 1950(5),505–514.
• [40] Lewandowska K. The miscibility of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) blends investigated in dilute solutions and solids. Eur. Polym. J. 2005, 41:55–64.
• [41] Dimitrova TL., La Mantia F.P., Pilati F., Toselli M., Valenza A., Visco A. On the compatibilization of PET/HDPE blends through a new class of copolyesters. Polymer, 2000, 41(13):4817-4824.
• [42] Hausmann K., Chou RT., Lee CY. Novel functionalised ethylene acrylate copolymers as polymer modifiers. Polym Polym Compos, 2004, 12, 119–125.
• [43] Fung KL., Li RKY. Mechanical properties of short glass fibre reinforced and functionalized rubber-toughened PET blends. Polymer Testing, 2006, 25(7), 923-931.