Effects on Machinability of Minimum Quantity Lubrication Strategy during Milling of ST52 Steel

Year 2023, , 82 - 90, 27.03.2023

Serhat Şap

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1211012

Abstract

This study focuses on milling under sustainable cutting conditions of ST52 steel, frequently used in the manufacturing industry. ST52 steel is a good candidate as a workpiece because it is inexpensive and readily available. To achieve sustainable conditions, the cutting zone minimum quantity lubrication technology was used during processing. The experiments used three cutting speeds (120-180-240 m min-1), three feed rates (0.12-0.18-0.24 mm rev-1), and a constant depth of cut (0.5 mm). Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used to reduce repetitions. The response parameters are surface roughness, flank wear, and cutting temperature. As a result, when compared to the dry environment, the minimum quantity lubrication environment improved surface roughness by approximately 62.37%, flank wear by approximately 9.95%, and cutting temperature by approximately 13.82%. In addition, the most effective control factors on response parameters were determined by statistical analysis.

Keywords

ST52 steel, Machinability, Minimum quantity lubrication, Taguchi technique

References

• Salur E. Understandings the tribological mechanism of Inconel 718 alloy machined under different cooling/lubrication conditions. Tribol Int. 2022;174:107677.
• Ekinovic S, Prcanovic H, Begovic E. Investigation of Influence of MQL Machining Parameters on Cutting Forces During MQL Turning of Carbon Steel St52-3. Procedia Eng. 2015;132:608-14.
• Şap S, editor Ultra Yüksek Mukavemetli S1100 Çeliğinin MQL koşullarında Frezelenmesinin Takım Aşınması Üzerindeki Etkileri. 4 th International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences; 2022 November 10-13, 2022; Konya/Turkey.
• Meddour I, Yallese MA, Khattabi R, Elbah M, Boulanouar L. Investigation and modeling of cutting forces and surface roughness when hard turning of AISI 52100 steel with mixed ceramic tool: cutting conditions optimization. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2015;77(5):1387-99.
• Usca ÜA, Uzun M, Şap S, Giasin K, Pimenov DY, Prakash C. Determination of machinability metrics of AISI 5140 steel for gear manufacturing using different cooling/lubrication conditions. J Mater Res Technol. 2022;21:893-904.
• Mia M, Gupta MK, Singh G, Królczyk G, Pimenov DY. An approach to cleaner production for machining hardened steel using different cooling-lubrication conditions. J Clean Prod. 2018;187:1069-81.
• Şap S, Usca ÜA, Uzun M, Kuntoğlu M, Salur E. Performance evaluation of AlTiN coated carbide tools during machining of ceramic reinforced Cu-based hybrid composites under cryogenic, pure-minimum quantity lubrication and dry regimes. J Compos Mater. 2022;56(22):3401-21.
• Boswell B, Islam MN, Davies IJ, Ginting YR, Ong AK. A review identifying the effectiveness of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) during conventional machining. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2017;92(1):321-40.
• Chetan, Ghosh S, Rao PV. Comparison between sustainable cryogenic techniques and nano-MQL cooling mode in turning of nickel-based alloy. J Clean Prod. 2019;231:1036-49.
• Debnath S, Reddy MM, Yi QS. Environmental friendly cutting fluids and cooling techniques in machining: a review. J Clean Prod. 2014;83:33-47.
• Dureja JS, Singh R, Singh T, Singh P, Dogra M, Bhatti MS. Performance evaluation of coated carbide tool in machining of stainless steel (AISI 202) under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Int J Precis Eng Manuf. 2015;2(2):123-9.
• Şap S, Usca ÜA, Uzun M, Kuntoğlu M, Salur E, Pimenov DY. Investigation of the Effects of Cooling and Lubricating Strategies on Tribological Characteristics in Machining of Hybrid Composites. Lubricants. 2022;10(4):63.
• Usca ÜA, Şap S, Uzun M. Evaluation of Machinability of Cu Matrix Composite Materials by Computer Numerical Control Milling under Cryogenic LN2 and Minimum Quantity Lubrication. J Mater Eng Perform. 2022:1-15.
• Gupta MK, Sood PK, Sharma VS. Investigations on Surface Roughness Measurement in Minimum Quantity Lubrication Turning of Titanium Alloys Using Response Surface Methodology and Box–Cox Transformation. J Manuf Sci Eng. 2016;16(2):75-88.
• Khan MMA, Mithu MAH, Dhar NR. Effects of minimum quantity lubrication on turning AISI 9310 alloy steel using vegetable oil-based cutting fluid. J Mater Process Technol. 2009;209(15):5573-83.
• Korkmaz ME, Gupta MK, Boy M, Yaşar N, Krolczyk GM, Günay M. Influence of duplex jets MQL and nano-MQL cooling system on machining performance of Nimonic 80A. Manuf Process. 2021;69:112-24.
• Makhesana MA, Patel KM, Khanna N. Analysis of vegetable oil-based nano-lubricant technique for improving machinability of Inconel 690. Manuf Process. 2022;77:708-21.
• Hadad M, Sadeghi B. Minimum quantity lubrication-MQL turning of AISI 4140 steel alloy. J Clean Prod. 2013;54:332-43.
• Muaz M, Choudhury SK. Experimental investigations and multi-objective optimization of MQL-assisted milling process for finishing of AISI 4340 steel. Measurement. 2019;138:557-69.
• Salur E, Kuntoğlu M, Aslan A, Pimenov DY. The Effects of MQL and Dry Environments on Tool Wear, Cutting Temperature, and Power Consumption during End Milling of AISI 1040 Steel. Metals. 2021;11(11):1674.
• Farzin YA, Najafizadeh A, Nejad EH. Effect of temperature in intercritical treatment on microstructure, tensile properties and hardness in dual phase ST52 steel. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science. 2015;5:1716-22.
• Şap E, Usca ÜA, Uzun M. Machining and optimization of reinforced copper composites using different cooling-lubrication conditions. J Braz Soc Mech Sci & Eng. 2022;44(9):399.
• Şap S, Uzun M, Usca ÜA, Pimenov DY, Giasin K, Wojciechowski S. Investigation of machinability of Ti–B-SiCp reinforced Cu hybrid composites in dry turning. J Mater Res Technol. 2022;18:1474-87.
• Sarıkaya M, Güllü A. Multi-response optimization of minimum quantity lubrication parameters using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis in turning of difficult-to-cut alloy Haynes 25. J Clean Prod. 2015;91:347-57.
• Dhar NR, Islam MW, Islam S, Mithu MAH. The influence of minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) on cutting temperature, chip and dimensional accuracy in turning AISI-1040 steel. J Mater Process Technol. 2006;171(1):93-9.
• Dutta S, Narala SKR. Optimizing turning parameters in the machining of AM alloy using Taguchi methodology. Measurement. 2021;169: 108340.