Türkiye Florasında Peyzaj Özelliği Gösteren Hiperakümülatör Bitkilerin Maden Alanlarının Onarımında Kullanımı

Year 2021, , 327 - 334, 25.06.2021

Aslıhan Esringü , İşik Sezen

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.822445

Abstract

Madencilik faaliyetleri sanayi devriminden bu yana insan yaşamının sürdürülebilirliğinde, ülkelerin refah ve kalkınma düzeylerinin ilerlemesinde bir gösterge olarak kabul edilmektedir. Fakat maden işletme faaliyetleri süresince uygulanan bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal işlemler çevresel sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedirler. Bu sorunlar toprakların verimsizleşmesi, yerel endemik türlerin kaybolması, flora ve faunanın bozulması ve doğal peyzajın tahrip edilmesi olarak sıralanabilir. Madenlerin doğayı tahrip etmeden işletilerek devamında insanların ve diğer canlıların güvenli kullanımını sağlamaları için birçok farklı doğal restorasyon yöntemleri bulunmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden biri de fitoremediasyon yöntemidir. Fitoremediasyon yönteminde kullanılan bitkiler hiperakümülatör bitki olarak adlandırılmaktdır. Bu bitkiler çok yüksek konsantrasyonlarda ağır metallerle kirletilmiş topraklarda bile hayatlarını devam ettirebilmektedirler. Doğada bilinen 11 familyadan yaklaşık 400 bitkinin hiperakümülatör özellikte olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu familyalar Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Cunouniaceae, Fabaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae, Violaceae ve Euphobiaceae. Bu çalışmada Türkiye florasında bulunan 38 hiperakümülatör bitki türü ile ilgili yerli ve yabancı literatür araştırmaları yapılmış. Bu bilgiler ışığında bu türlerden 21’inin peyzaj onarım çalışmalarında renk, doku ve form özellikleri nedeniyle kullanılabilirliği ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Ağır metal, hiperakümülatör bitki, madencilik aktiviteleri, peyzaj onarım

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