Investigating the Mechanical Behavior of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Bases in Large Scale Test Box
Year 2019,
Volume: 30 Issue: 6, 9581 - 9596, 01.11.2019
Ayşegül Güneş Seferoğlu
,
Mehmet Tevfik Seferoğlu
,
Muhammet Vefa Akpınar
Abstract
The objective of
this research is to assess the elastic deformations and permanent strains of
reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material as a base layer when it is treated or
untreated with puzzolanic cement under cyclic loads. A large-scale cyclic plate
loading testing (CPLT) device was developed for studying the mechanical
characteristics of pavement base layer materials. When the RAP percentage of the mixtures increased, elastic deformations and
permanent strains increased, but the opposite is true when the cement percentage
increased. It was concluded that 100% RAP material can be used in
base layers with 3% cement. The obtained deformation
values and strain rates can be used as reasonable default design input values
to be used by pavement designers when using RAP as a substitute for natural aggregate base layers.
References
- Bennert, T., Maher, A., “The Development of a performance specification for granular base and subbase material”, Final report no: FHWA-NJ-2005-003, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, 2005.
- Chesner, W., Collins, R., MacKay, M., Emery, J., “User guidelines for waste and byproduct materials in pavement construction”, Final report no: FHWA-RD-97-148, Federal Highway Administration, Virginia, 1998.
- Ooi, P.S.K, “Application of recycled materials in highway projects”, Final report no: HWY-L-2005-04, Hawaii Department of Transportation, Highways Division University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2010.
- Seferoğlu, A.G., Seferoğlu, M.T., Akpınar, M.V., “Investigation of the effect of recycled asphalt pavement material on permeability and bearing capacity in the base layer”, Advances in Civil Engineering, Article ID 2860213, 2018, 1-6, 2018.
- Thakur, J.K., Han, J., “Recent development of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) bases treated for roadway applications”, Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology, 2 (2), 68-86, 2015.
- Thompson, M.R., Smith, K.L., “Repeated triaxial characterization of granular bases”, Transportation Research Record, 1278, 7-17, 1990.
- Wen, H., Warner, J., Edil, T., Wang, G., “Laboratory comparison of crushed aggregate and recycled pavement material with and without high carbon fly ash”, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 28 (4), 405-411, 2010.
- Wu, M.Q., “Evaluation of high percentage recycled asphalt pavement as base course materials”, Master Thesis, Washington State University, Washington D.C., 2011.
- Copeland, A., “Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: State of the practice”, Final report no: FHWA-HRT-11-021, Office of Infrastructure Research and Development Federal Highway Administration, Washington D.C., 2011.
- Cosentino, P.J., Kalajian, E.H., Bleakley, A.M., Diouf, B.S., Misilo, T.J., Petersen, A.J., Sajjadi, A.M., “Improving the properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement for roadway base applications”, Final report no: FL/DOT/BDK81 97702, Florida Department of Transportation, 2012.
- McGarrah, E.J., “Evaluation of current practices of reclaimed asphalt pavement/virgin aggregate as base course material”, Final report no: WA-RD 713.1, Washington State Department of Transportation, Washington D.C., 2007.
- Schaefer, V., Stevens, L., White, D., Ceylan, H., “Design guide for improved quality of roadway subgrades and subbases”, Final report no: IHRB Project TR-525, Iowa Highway Research Board, Iowa Department of Transportation, Ames, 2008.
- Thakur, J.K., “Experimental study on geocell-reinforced recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) bases under static and cyclic loading”, Master Thesis, University of Kansas, Department of Civil, Environment and Architectural Engineering, Kansas, 2011.
- Highter, W.H., Clary, J.A., DeGroot, D.J., “Structural numbers for reclaimed asphalt pavement base and subbase course mixes”, University of Massachusetts Transportation Center Report, Report no: UMTC-95-2, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 1997.
- Pokharel, S.K., Han, J., Leshchinsky, D., Parsons, R.L., “Experimental evaluation of geocell-reinforced bases under repeated loading”, Int. J. of Pavement Res. and Technol. 11 (2), 114-127, 2018.
- Xuan, D.X., Molenaar, A.A.A., Houben L.J.M., “Evaluation of cement treatment of reclaimed construction and demolition waste as road bases”, J. of Cleaner Production, 100, 77-83, 2015.
- Lekarp, F., Isacsson, U., Dawson, A., “State of the art. II: Permanent strain response of unbound aggregates”, Journal of Transp. Eng., 126, 76-83, 2000.
- Papp, W.J., Maher, M.H., Bennert, T., and Gucunski, N., “Behavior of construction and demolition debris in base and subbase applications”, Recycled materials in geotechnical applications, 79, 122-136, 1998.
- Attia, M.I.E-S., “Characterization of the structural behavior of reclaimed asphalt pavement as pavement base layer”, Ph.D. Thesis, The North Dakota State University, Civil Eng. Department, Fargo, 2010.
- Bennert, T., Papp, W.J.Jr., Maher, A., Gucunski, N., “Utilization of construction and demolition debris under traffic-type loading in base and subbase applications”, Transp. Res. Rec., 1714, 33-39, 2000.
- Garg, N., Thompson, M.R., “Lincoln Avenue reclaimed asphalt pavement base project”, Trans. Res. Rec., 1547, 89–95, 1996.
- Kim, W., Labuz, J.F., “Resilient modulus and strength of base course with recycled bituminous material”, Final report no: MN/RC-2007-05, Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2007.
- Wen, H., Wu, M., “Evaluation of high percentage recycled asphalt pavement as base materials”, Final report no. TNW2011-15, United States Department of Transportation, 2011.
- Yuan, D., Nazarian, S., Hoyos, L.R., Puppala, A.J., “Cement treated RAP mixes for roadway bases”, Final report no: FHWA/TX-10/0-6084-1, Federal Highway Administration, Washington D.C., 2010.
- TTSH: TurkeyDOT technical specifications for highways, Part:402-Base, Turkey Department of Transportation, Highway Technical Specification Manuel, Ankara, 468-470, 2006.
- AASHTO: AASHTO T-164-Standard method of test for quantitative extraction of asphalt binder from hot mix asphalt (HMA), Washington D.C., 2014.
- ASTM: ASTM D-1557-Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2000.
- AASHTO: AASHTO T-193-Standard method of test for the California bearing ratio, Washington D.C., 2013.
- Thakur, J.K., Han, J., Pokharel, S.K., Parsons, R.L., “Performance of geocell reinforced recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) bases over weak subgrade under cyclic plate loading”, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 35, 14-24, 2012.
- Yang, X.M., “Numerical Analyses of geocell-reinforced granular soils under static and repeated loads”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kansas, Department of Civil, Environment and Architectural Engineering, 2010.
Investigating the Mechanical Behavior of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Bases in Large Scale Test Box
Year 2019,
Volume: 30 Issue: 6, 9581 - 9596, 01.11.2019
Ayşegül Güneş Seferoğlu
,
Mehmet Tevfik Seferoğlu
,
Muhammet Vefa Akpınar
Abstract
The objective of this research is to assess the elastic deformations and permanent strains of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material as a base layer when it is treated or untreated with puzzolanic cement under cyclic loads. A large-scale cyclic plate loading testing (CPLT) device was developed for studying the mechanical characteristics of pavement base layer materials. When the RAP percentage of the mixtures increased, elastic deformations and permanent strains increased, but the opposite is true when the cement percentage increased. It was concluded that 100% RAP material can be used in base layers with 3% cement. The obtained deformation values and strain rates can be used as reasonable default design input values to be used by pavement designers when using RAP as a substitute for natural aggregate base layers.
References
- Bennert, T., Maher, A., “The Development of a performance specification for granular base and subbase material”, Final report no: FHWA-NJ-2005-003, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, 2005.
- Chesner, W., Collins, R., MacKay, M., Emery, J., “User guidelines for waste and byproduct materials in pavement construction”, Final report no: FHWA-RD-97-148, Federal Highway Administration, Virginia, 1998.
- Ooi, P.S.K, “Application of recycled materials in highway projects”, Final report no: HWY-L-2005-04, Hawaii Department of Transportation, Highways Division University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2010.
- Seferoğlu, A.G., Seferoğlu, M.T., Akpınar, M.V., “Investigation of the effect of recycled asphalt pavement material on permeability and bearing capacity in the base layer”, Advances in Civil Engineering, Article ID 2860213, 2018, 1-6, 2018.
- Thakur, J.K., Han, J., “Recent development of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) bases treated for roadway applications”, Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology, 2 (2), 68-86, 2015.
- Thompson, M.R., Smith, K.L., “Repeated triaxial characterization of granular bases”, Transportation Research Record, 1278, 7-17, 1990.
- Wen, H., Warner, J., Edil, T., Wang, G., “Laboratory comparison of crushed aggregate and recycled pavement material with and without high carbon fly ash”, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 28 (4), 405-411, 2010.
- Wu, M.Q., “Evaluation of high percentage recycled asphalt pavement as base course materials”, Master Thesis, Washington State University, Washington D.C., 2011.
- Copeland, A., “Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: State of the practice”, Final report no: FHWA-HRT-11-021, Office of Infrastructure Research and Development Federal Highway Administration, Washington D.C., 2011.
- Cosentino, P.J., Kalajian, E.H., Bleakley, A.M., Diouf, B.S., Misilo, T.J., Petersen, A.J., Sajjadi, A.M., “Improving the properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement for roadway base applications”, Final report no: FL/DOT/BDK81 97702, Florida Department of Transportation, 2012.
- McGarrah, E.J., “Evaluation of current practices of reclaimed asphalt pavement/virgin aggregate as base course material”, Final report no: WA-RD 713.1, Washington State Department of Transportation, Washington D.C., 2007.
- Schaefer, V., Stevens, L., White, D., Ceylan, H., “Design guide for improved quality of roadway subgrades and subbases”, Final report no: IHRB Project TR-525, Iowa Highway Research Board, Iowa Department of Transportation, Ames, 2008.
- Thakur, J.K., “Experimental study on geocell-reinforced recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) bases under static and cyclic loading”, Master Thesis, University of Kansas, Department of Civil, Environment and Architectural Engineering, Kansas, 2011.
- Highter, W.H., Clary, J.A., DeGroot, D.J., “Structural numbers for reclaimed asphalt pavement base and subbase course mixes”, University of Massachusetts Transportation Center Report, Report no: UMTC-95-2, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 1997.
- Pokharel, S.K., Han, J., Leshchinsky, D., Parsons, R.L., “Experimental evaluation of geocell-reinforced bases under repeated loading”, Int. J. of Pavement Res. and Technol. 11 (2), 114-127, 2018.
- Xuan, D.X., Molenaar, A.A.A., Houben L.J.M., “Evaluation of cement treatment of reclaimed construction and demolition waste as road bases”, J. of Cleaner Production, 100, 77-83, 2015.
- Lekarp, F., Isacsson, U., Dawson, A., “State of the art. II: Permanent strain response of unbound aggregates”, Journal of Transp. Eng., 126, 76-83, 2000.
- Papp, W.J., Maher, M.H., Bennert, T., and Gucunski, N., “Behavior of construction and demolition debris in base and subbase applications”, Recycled materials in geotechnical applications, 79, 122-136, 1998.
- Attia, M.I.E-S., “Characterization of the structural behavior of reclaimed asphalt pavement as pavement base layer”, Ph.D. Thesis, The North Dakota State University, Civil Eng. Department, Fargo, 2010.
- Bennert, T., Papp, W.J.Jr., Maher, A., Gucunski, N., “Utilization of construction and demolition debris under traffic-type loading in base and subbase applications”, Transp. Res. Rec., 1714, 33-39, 2000.
- Garg, N., Thompson, M.R., “Lincoln Avenue reclaimed asphalt pavement base project”, Trans. Res. Rec., 1547, 89–95, 1996.
- Kim, W., Labuz, J.F., “Resilient modulus and strength of base course with recycled bituminous material”, Final report no: MN/RC-2007-05, Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2007.
- Wen, H., Wu, M., “Evaluation of high percentage recycled asphalt pavement as base materials”, Final report no. TNW2011-15, United States Department of Transportation, 2011.
- Yuan, D., Nazarian, S., Hoyos, L.R., Puppala, A.J., “Cement treated RAP mixes for roadway bases”, Final report no: FHWA/TX-10/0-6084-1, Federal Highway Administration, Washington D.C., 2010.
- TTSH: TurkeyDOT technical specifications for highways, Part:402-Base, Turkey Department of Transportation, Highway Technical Specification Manuel, Ankara, 468-470, 2006.
- AASHTO: AASHTO T-164-Standard method of test for quantitative extraction of asphalt binder from hot mix asphalt (HMA), Washington D.C., 2014.
- ASTM: ASTM D-1557-Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2000.
- AASHTO: AASHTO T-193-Standard method of test for the California bearing ratio, Washington D.C., 2013.
- Thakur, J.K., Han, J., Pokharel, S.K., Parsons, R.L., “Performance of geocell reinforced recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) bases over weak subgrade under cyclic plate loading”, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 35, 14-24, 2012.
- Yang, X.M., “Numerical Analyses of geocell-reinforced granular soils under static and repeated loads”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kansas, Department of Civil, Environment and Architectural Engineering, 2010.