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The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model adapted for Adapazari, Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 9851 - 9868, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.445322

Abstract



A logistic regression model has been developed for
evaluation of soil liquefaction by the use of cone penetration test (CPTu,
PCPT) on data collected from Adapazarı, Turkey. The model inputs are the clean
sand equivalent normalized cone tip resistance (qc1N,cs) and cyclic stress ratio corrected for moment
magnitude of 7.5 earthquake (CSRM=7.5)
that was experienced in 1999. Liquefaction probabilities (PL) are obtained for each district of the city for which
CPTu data is available with the proposed logistic regression model. Average
liquefaction probabilities of the depth interval 0-6 m and coordinates
(Longitude, Latitude) of CPT soundings were plotted to construct a liquefaction
probability map by longitude and latitude. In order to show the effect of depth
in liquefaction potential, the obtained liquefaction probability contours were
reconstructed by dividing 0-6m depth into three narrow sublayers of 0-2m, 2-4m
and 4-6m wherein liquefaction was observed during the earthquake. For each
depth interval, liquefaction probabilities of the districts are compared with
the observed liquefied and non-liquefied sites in the city after 1999 Adapazarı
Earthquake.




References

  • [1] Seed, H. B., Idriss, I. M., Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential, J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 97, SM9, 1249–1273, 1971.
  • [2] Seed, H. B., Idriss, I. M., Arango, I., Evaluation of liquefaction potential using field performance data, J. Geotech. Eng., 109, 3, 458–482, 1983.
  • [3] Robertson, P. K., Campanella, R. G., Liquefaction potential of sand using the CPT, J. Geotech. Eng. 111, 3, 384–403, 1985.
  • [4] Robertson, P. K., Wride, C. E., Evaluating cyclic liquefaction using the cone penetration, Can. Geotech. J., 35, 442–459, 1998.
  • [5] Youd, T. L., Idriss, I. M., Andrus, R. D., Arango, I., Castro, G., Christian, J. T., Dobry, R., Finn, W. D. L., Harder, L. F. Jr., Hynes, M. E., Ishihara, K., Koester, J. P., Liao, S. S. C., Marcus, W. F., Martin, G. R., Mitchell, J. K., Moriwaki, Y., Power, M. S., Robertson, P. K., Seed, R. D., Stokoe, K. H., Liquefaction resistance of soils: Summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, 127, 10, 817–833, 2001.
  • [6] Boulanger, R. W., Idriss, I. M., State normalization of penetration resistance and the effect of overburden stress on liquefaction resistance, Proc. 11th SDEE and 3rd ICEGE Conf. Berkeley, California, 2004.
  • [7] Boulanger, R. W., Idriss, I. M., Liquefaction susceptibility criteria for silts and clays, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132, 11, 1413-1426, 2006.
  • [8] Boulanger, R.W., Idriss, I. M., CPT and SPT based liquefaction triggering procedures, Rep. No. UCD/CGM-14/01, Univ. Of California, Davis, CA, 2014.
  • [9] Kramer, S. L., Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1996.
  • [10] Liao, S.S.C., Veneziano, D., Whitman, R. V., Regression models for evaluating liquefaction probability, J. Geotech. Eng, 114, 4, 389–411, 1988.
  • [11] Toprak, S., Holzer, T. L., Bennett, M. J., Tinsley, J. C. I., CPT- and SPT-based probabilistic assessment of liquefaction potential, Proc., 7th U.S.–Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures against Soil Liquefaction. MCEER, Seattle, 1999.
  • [12] Lai, S. Y., Chang, W. J., Lin, P. S., Logistic Regression Model for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Probability Using CPT Data, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132, 6, 694-704, 2006.
  • [13] Cox, D. R., The Analysis of Binary Data, London, Chapman and Hall, 1970.
  • [14] Horowitz, J. L., Evaluation of usefulness of two standard goodness-of-fit indicators for comparing non-nested random utility model, Advances in trip generation, Transp. Res. Rec, 874, 19–25, 1982.
  • [15] Önalp, A., Arel, E., Bol, E., Özocak, A., Sert, S., Application of Dissipation Method in Cone Penetration Test (CPT) for Determination of Liquefaction Potential (In Turkish), 104M387, The Science Foundation (TUBITAK), Adapazari/ Sakarya, December 2007.
  • [16] Önalp, A., Arel, E., The liquefaction potential of silts-The Adapazari Criteria (in Turkish), ZM9 9th National Congress on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Eskisehir, Turkey, 2002.
  • [17] Bol, E., Önalp, A., Arel, E., Özocak, A., Sert, S., Liquefaction of Silts: The Adapazari Criteria, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 8, 4, 859-873, 2010.
  • [18] Arel, E., Predicting the spatial distribution of soil profile in Adapazari/Turkey by artificial neural networks using CPT data, Computers and Geosciences, 43, 90-100, 2012.

The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model Adapted for Adapazari, Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 9851 - 9868, 01.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.445322

Abstract

A logistic regression model has been developed for
evaluation of soil liquefaction by the use of cone penetration test (CPTu,
PCPT) on data collected from Adapazarı, Turkey. The model inputs are the clean
sand equivalent normalized cone tip resistance (qc1N,cs) and cyclic stress ratio corrected for moment
magnitude of 7.5 earthquake (CSRM=7.5)
that was experienced in 1999. Liquefaction probabilities (PL) are obtained for each district of the city for which
CPTu data is available with the proposed logistic regression model. Average
liquefaction probabilities of the depth interval 0-6 m and coordinates
(Longitude, Latitude) of CPT soundings were plotted to construct a liquefaction
probability map by longitude and latitude. In order to show the effect of depth
in liquefaction potential, the obtained liquefaction probability contours were
reconstructed by dividing 0-6m depth into three narrow sublayers of 0-2m, 2-4m
and 4-6m wherein liquefaction was observed during the earthquake. For each
depth interval, liquefaction probabilities of the districts are compared with
the observed liquefied and non-liquefied sites in the city after 1999 Adapazarı
Earthquake.



 

References

  • [1] Seed, H. B., Idriss, I. M., Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential, J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 97, SM9, 1249–1273, 1971.
  • [2] Seed, H. B., Idriss, I. M., Arango, I., Evaluation of liquefaction potential using field performance data, J. Geotech. Eng., 109, 3, 458–482, 1983.
  • [3] Robertson, P. K., Campanella, R. G., Liquefaction potential of sand using the CPT, J. Geotech. Eng. 111, 3, 384–403, 1985.
  • [4] Robertson, P. K., Wride, C. E., Evaluating cyclic liquefaction using the cone penetration, Can. Geotech. J., 35, 442–459, 1998.
  • [5] Youd, T. L., Idriss, I. M., Andrus, R. D., Arango, I., Castro, G., Christian, J. T., Dobry, R., Finn, W. D. L., Harder, L. F. Jr., Hynes, M. E., Ishihara, K., Koester, J. P., Liao, S. S. C., Marcus, W. F., Martin, G. R., Mitchell, J. K., Moriwaki, Y., Power, M. S., Robertson, P. K., Seed, R. D., Stokoe, K. H., Liquefaction resistance of soils: Summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, 127, 10, 817–833, 2001.
  • [6] Boulanger, R. W., Idriss, I. M., State normalization of penetration resistance and the effect of overburden stress on liquefaction resistance, Proc. 11th SDEE and 3rd ICEGE Conf. Berkeley, California, 2004.
  • [7] Boulanger, R. W., Idriss, I. M., Liquefaction susceptibility criteria for silts and clays, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132, 11, 1413-1426, 2006.
  • [8] Boulanger, R.W., Idriss, I. M., CPT and SPT based liquefaction triggering procedures, Rep. No. UCD/CGM-14/01, Univ. Of California, Davis, CA, 2014.
  • [9] Kramer, S. L., Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1996.
  • [10] Liao, S.S.C., Veneziano, D., Whitman, R. V., Regression models for evaluating liquefaction probability, J. Geotech. Eng, 114, 4, 389–411, 1988.
  • [11] Toprak, S., Holzer, T. L., Bennett, M. J., Tinsley, J. C. I., CPT- and SPT-based probabilistic assessment of liquefaction potential, Proc., 7th U.S.–Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures against Soil Liquefaction. MCEER, Seattle, 1999.
  • [12] Lai, S. Y., Chang, W. J., Lin, P. S., Logistic Regression Model for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Probability Using CPT Data, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132, 6, 694-704, 2006.
  • [13] Cox, D. R., The Analysis of Binary Data, London, Chapman and Hall, 1970.
  • [14] Horowitz, J. L., Evaluation of usefulness of two standard goodness-of-fit indicators for comparing non-nested random utility model, Advances in trip generation, Transp. Res. Rec, 874, 19–25, 1982.
  • [15] Önalp, A., Arel, E., Bol, E., Özocak, A., Sert, S., Application of Dissipation Method in Cone Penetration Test (CPT) for Determination of Liquefaction Potential (In Turkish), 104M387, The Science Foundation (TUBITAK), Adapazari/ Sakarya, December 2007.
  • [16] Önalp, A., Arel, E., The liquefaction potential of silts-The Adapazari Criteria (in Turkish), ZM9 9th National Congress on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Eskisehir, Turkey, 2002.
  • [17] Bol, E., Önalp, A., Arel, E., Özocak, A., Sert, S., Liquefaction of Silts: The Adapazari Criteria, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 8, 4, 859-873, 2010.
  • [18] Arel, E., Predicting the spatial distribution of soil profile in Adapazari/Turkey by artificial neural networks using CPT data, Computers and Geosciences, 43, 90-100, 2012.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Can Mert 0000-0002-2483-1330

Ersin Arel This is me 0000-0001-9424-2198

Akın Önalp 0000-0003-1906-0153

Publication Date March 1, 2020
Submission Date July 18, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 31 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mert, A. C., Arel, E., & Önalp, A. (2020). The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model adapted for Adapazari, Turkey. Teknik Dergi, 31(2), 9851-9868. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.445322
AMA Mert AC, Arel E, Önalp A. The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model adapted for Adapazari, Turkey. Teknik Dergi. March 2020;31(2):9851-9868. doi:10.18400/tekderg.445322
Chicago Mert, Ahmet Can, Ersin Arel, and Akın Önalp. “The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model Adapted for Adapazari, Turkey”. Teknik Dergi 31, no. 2 (March 2020): 9851-68. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.445322.
EndNote Mert AC, Arel E, Önalp A (March 1, 2020) The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model adapted for Adapazari, Turkey. Teknik Dergi 31 2 9851–9868.
IEEE A. C. Mert, E. Arel, and A. Önalp, “The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model adapted for Adapazari, Turkey”, Teknik Dergi, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 9851–9868, 2020, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.445322.
ISNAD Mert, Ahmet Can et al. “The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model Adapted for Adapazari, Turkey”. Teknik Dergi 31/2 (March 2020), 9851-9868. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.445322.
JAMA Mert AC, Arel E, Önalp A. The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model adapted for Adapazari, Turkey. Teknik Dergi. 2020;31:9851–9868.
MLA Mert, Ahmet Can et al. “The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model Adapted for Adapazari, Turkey”. Teknik Dergi, vol. 31, no. 2, 2020, pp. 9851-68, doi:10.18400/tekderg.445322.
Vancouver Mert AC, Arel E, Önalp A. The Spatial Distribution of Liquefaction Susceptibility by Logistic Regression Model adapted for Adapazari, Turkey. Teknik Dergi. 2020;31(2):9851-68.