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Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 10739 - 10766, 01.03.2021

Aslı Türkben Mehmet Şükrü Güney

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.595126
Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, the scour depth and dimensions of the scour hole around different shaped piers for the cases of hydrographs succeeding steady flow were studied experimentally. The experiments were carried out by using circular, square, rectangular, lenticular and rectangular with trapezoidal nose to compare the various scour hole geometries at the same flow conditions. Numerous experiments were conducted in a rectangular flume (18.6 m long, 0.80 m wide and 0.75 m deep) with different triangular shaped hydrographs. The flume bed of 26 cm thickness consists of uniform graded material with D50 =1.68 mm. The experiments were carried out in clear water conditions. The temporal variations of the equilibrium scour depths in front of the pier and the scour hole dimensions were recorded by two different cameras. The equilibrium scour depths at lateral sides and downstream of the piers were also measured. Regression analysis was performed in order to derive empirical relations to predict temporal variations of the scour depth in the case of unsteady flow. The shape factor values were also investigated based on the experimental findings and the obtained values were compared to those available in literature. The performance of the obtained empirical relation for circular pier was tested by using limited experimental data available in the literature. The smallest scour hole was observed for the rectangular with trapezoidal noses pier. The increase in the scour hole dimensions for other cross-sections was in the following order: rectangular with circular noses, circular, square and rectangular piers.

Keywords

unsteady flow local scour scour hole bridge pier shape coefficient

Supporting Institution

Tübitak

Project Number

109M637

Thanks

This study was funded by research grants from TUBITAK through the Project No: 109M637.

References

  • Hoffmans. G.J.C.M., Verheij. H.J., Scour Manual, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1997
  • Chabert. J., Engeldinger. P., Etude des affouillements autour des piles de ponts (Study of scouring around bridge piers). Chatou, France: Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique, 1956.
  • Laursen. E., M, An analysis of relief bridge scour. American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 89 (HY3), 93-118, 1963.
  • Shen, H. W., Schneider, V. R., Karaki, S. S., Local scour around bridge piers. American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 95 (HY6), 1969.
  • Melville, B.W., Local scour at bridge sites. University of Auckland, School of Engineering, 1975.
  • Ettema, R., Kirkil, G., Muste, M., Similitude of Large-Scale Turbulence in Experiments on Local Scour at Cylinders. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 132:33–40. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:1(33), 2006.
  • Yanmaz, A.M., Altinbilek, H.D., Study of time-dependent local scour around bridge piers. J. of Hydraulic Eng., Vol. 117, No. 10, 1991.
  • Kothyari, U.C., Raju, K.G.R., Garde, R.J., Live-bed scour around cylindrical bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research 30:701–715. doi: 10.1080/00221689209498889,1992.
  • Richardson, E. V., Davis, S.R., Evaluating scour at bridges - Third edition. Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18, Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA HI 96-031, Washington, D.C., 1995.
  • Melville, B.W., Raudkivi, A.J., Effects of Foundation Geometry on Bridge Pier Scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 122:203–209. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:4(203), 1996.
  • Melville, B.W., Chiew, Y.M., Time Scale for Local Scour at Bridge Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125:59–65. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:1(59), 1999.
  • Oliveto, G., Hager, W.H., Temporal Evolution of Clear-Water Pier and Abutment Scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 128:811–820. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:9(811), 2002.
  • Dey, S., Westrich, B., Hydraulics of Submerged Jet Subject to Change in Cohesive Bed Geometry. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 129:44–53. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:1(44), 2003.
  • Chang, W.Y., Lai, J.S., Yen, C.L., Evolution of Scour Depth at Circular Bridge Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 130:905–913. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:9(905), 2004.
  • Köse, Ö., Experimental and analytical investigation of temporal variation of local scour at bridge abutments. Middle East Technical University, 2007.
  • Diab, R., Experimental investigation on scouring around piers of different shape and alignement in gravel. Middle East Technical University, 2011.
  • Guney, M.S., Bombar, G., Experimental Investigation of Time-Dependent Local Scour at Bridge Piers. In: River Corridor Restoration Conference. Switzerland, 2011.
  • Mohammadpour, R., Ghani, A., Azamathulla, H.M., Prediction of equilibrium scour time around long abutments. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 166:394–401. doi: 10.1680/wama.11.00075, 2013.
  • López, G., Teixeira, L., Ortega-Sánchez, M., Simarro, G., Estimating Final Scour Depth under Clear-Water Flood Waves. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 140:328–332. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000804, 2014.
  • Hamidifar, H.M., Nasrabadi, M.H.O., Using a bed sill as a scour countermeasure downstream of an apron. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2011.
  • Vijayasree, B.A., Eldho, T.I., Mazumder, B.S., Ahmad, N., Influence of bridge pier shape on flow field and scour geometry. International Journal of River Basin Management 17:109–129. doi: 10.1080/15715124.2017.1394315, 2019.
  • Bennetts, T.A., Local scour around bridge piers under steady and unsteady flow conditions. University of Hertfordshire, 2002.
  • Das, S., Ghosh, R., Das, R., Mazumdar, A., Clear water scour geometry around circular piers. Ecol. Environ. Conserv. 20(2), 479–492., 2014.
  • Tison, L.J., Local scour in rivers. Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977) 66:4227–4232. doi: 10.1029/JZ066i012p04227, 1961.
  • Cunha, L.V., Time evaluation of local scour. In: IAHR (ed) International Association for Hydraulic Research, Eleventh International Congress. Sao Paulo, 1975.
  • Breusers, H.N.C., Nicollet, G., Shen, H.W., Local Scour Around Cylindrical Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research 15:211–252. doi: 10.1080/00221687709499645, 1977.
  • Oliveto, G., Hager, W.H., Further Results to Time-Dependent Local Scour at Bridge Elements. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 131:97–105. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:2(97), 2005.
  • Dey, S., Fluvial Hydrodynamics.Springer, 2014.
  • Bor, A.T., Experimental and Numerical Study of Local Scour Around Bridge Piers with Different Cross Sections Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow. Dokuz Eylül University, 2015.
  • Melville, B.W., Coleman, S.E., Bridge Scour. Water Resources Publications, Colorado,ABD, 2000.
  • Lanca, R.M.M., Simarro, G., Fael, C.M.S., Cardoso, A.E., Effect of Viscosity on the Equilibrium Scour Depth at Single Cylindrical Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering Vol.142 No:3 Pages: 06015022. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001102, 2016.
  • Tsutsui, T., Fluid force acting on a cylindrical pier standing in a scour. In: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics& Applications. Milano Italy, 2008.
  • Hager, W.H., Unger, J., Bridge Pier Scour under Flood Waves. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 136:842–847. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000281, 2010.
  • Arkis, A., Köprü Uç Ve Orta Ayaklari Etrafindaki Yerel Oyulmalara Karşi Koruyucu Önlemlerin Araştirilmasi. Dokuz Eylül University, 2013.
  • Laursen, E.M., Toch, A., Scour around bridge piers and abutments, Iowa Highways Research Board, Ames, IA., 1956.
  • Dietz, J., Construction of long piers at oblique currents illustrated by the BAB-Main Bridge Eddersheim, and Systematic model tests on scour formation at piers. Mitteilungsblatt der Bundersanstalt fur Wasserbau, Karlsruhe, Germany 31:79–109, 1972.
  • Mostafa, E.A., Scour around skewed bridge piers. Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 1994.
  • Yanmaz, A.M., Kose, O., Surface Characteristics of Scouring at Bridge Elements. Turkish J Eng Env Sci 31:127–134, 2007.

Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 10739 - 10766, 01.03.2021

Aslı Türkben Mehmet Şükrü Güney

https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.595126
Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, the scour depth and dimensions of the scour hole around different shaped piers for the cases of hydrographs succeeding steady flow were studied experimentally. The experiments were carried out by using circular, square, rectangular, lenticular and rectangular with trapezoidal nose to compare the various scour hole geometries at the same flow conditions. Numerous experiments were conducted in a rectangular flume (18.6 m long, 0.80 m wide and 0.75 m deep) with different triangular shaped hydrographs. The flume bed of 26 cm thickness consists of uniform graded material with D50 =1.68 mm. The experiments were carried out in clear water conditions. The temporal variations of the equilibrium scour depths in front of the pier and the scour hole dimensions were recorded by two different cameras. The equilibrium scour depths at lateral sides and downstream of the piers were also measured. Regression analysis was performed in order to derive empirical relations to predict temporal variations of the scour depth in the case of unsteady flow. The shape factor values were also investigated based on the experimental findings and the obtained values were compared to those available in literature. The performance of the obtained empirical relation for circular pier was tested by using limited experimental data available in the literature. The smallest scour hole was observed for the rectangular with trapezoidal noses pier. The increase in the scour hole dimensions for other cross-sections was in the following order: rectangular with circular noses, circular, square and rectangular piers.

Keywords

unsteady flow local scour scour hole bridge pier shape coefficient

Project Number

109M637

References

  • Hoffmans. G.J.C.M., Verheij. H.J., Scour Manual, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1997
  • Chabert. J., Engeldinger. P., Etude des affouillements autour des piles de ponts (Study of scouring around bridge piers). Chatou, France: Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique, 1956.
  • Laursen. E., M, An analysis of relief bridge scour. American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 89 (HY3), 93-118, 1963.
  • Shen, H. W., Schneider, V. R., Karaki, S. S., Local scour around bridge piers. American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 95 (HY6), 1969.
  • Melville, B.W., Local scour at bridge sites. University of Auckland, School of Engineering, 1975.
  • Ettema, R., Kirkil, G., Muste, M., Similitude of Large-Scale Turbulence in Experiments on Local Scour at Cylinders. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 132:33–40. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:1(33), 2006.
  • Yanmaz, A.M., Altinbilek, H.D., Study of time-dependent local scour around bridge piers. J. of Hydraulic Eng., Vol. 117, No. 10, 1991.
  • Kothyari, U.C., Raju, K.G.R., Garde, R.J., Live-bed scour around cylindrical bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research 30:701–715. doi: 10.1080/00221689209498889,1992.
  • Richardson, E. V., Davis, S.R., Evaluating scour at bridges - Third edition. Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18, Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA HI 96-031, Washington, D.C., 1995.
  • Melville, B.W., Raudkivi, A.J., Effects of Foundation Geometry on Bridge Pier Scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 122:203–209. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:4(203), 1996.
  • Melville, B.W., Chiew, Y.M., Time Scale for Local Scour at Bridge Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125:59–65. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:1(59), 1999.
  • Oliveto, G., Hager, W.H., Temporal Evolution of Clear-Water Pier and Abutment Scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 128:811–820. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:9(811), 2002.
  • Dey, S., Westrich, B., Hydraulics of Submerged Jet Subject to Change in Cohesive Bed Geometry. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 129:44–53. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:1(44), 2003.
  • Chang, W.Y., Lai, J.S., Yen, C.L., Evolution of Scour Depth at Circular Bridge Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 130:905–913. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:9(905), 2004.
  • Köse, Ö., Experimental and analytical investigation of temporal variation of local scour at bridge abutments. Middle East Technical University, 2007.
  • Diab, R., Experimental investigation on scouring around piers of different shape and alignement in gravel. Middle East Technical University, 2011.
  • Guney, M.S., Bombar, G., Experimental Investigation of Time-Dependent Local Scour at Bridge Piers. In: River Corridor Restoration Conference. Switzerland, 2011.
  • Mohammadpour, R., Ghani, A., Azamathulla, H.M., Prediction of equilibrium scour time around long abutments. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 166:394–401. doi: 10.1680/wama.11.00075, 2013.
  • López, G., Teixeira, L., Ortega-Sánchez, M., Simarro, G., Estimating Final Scour Depth under Clear-Water Flood Waves. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 140:328–332. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000804, 2014.
  • Hamidifar, H.M., Nasrabadi, M.H.O., Using a bed sill as a scour countermeasure downstream of an apron. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2011.
  • Vijayasree, B.A., Eldho, T.I., Mazumder, B.S., Ahmad, N., Influence of bridge pier shape on flow field and scour geometry. International Journal of River Basin Management 17:109–129. doi: 10.1080/15715124.2017.1394315, 2019.
  • Bennetts, T.A., Local scour around bridge piers under steady and unsteady flow conditions. University of Hertfordshire, 2002.
  • Das, S., Ghosh, R., Das, R., Mazumdar, A., Clear water scour geometry around circular piers. Ecol. Environ. Conserv. 20(2), 479–492., 2014.
  • Tison, L.J., Local scour in rivers. Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977) 66:4227–4232. doi: 10.1029/JZ066i012p04227, 1961.
  • Cunha, L.V., Time evaluation of local scour. In: IAHR (ed) International Association for Hydraulic Research, Eleventh International Congress. Sao Paulo, 1975.
  • Breusers, H.N.C., Nicollet, G., Shen, H.W., Local Scour Around Cylindrical Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research 15:211–252. doi: 10.1080/00221687709499645, 1977.
  • Oliveto, G., Hager, W.H., Further Results to Time-Dependent Local Scour at Bridge Elements. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 131:97–105. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:2(97), 2005.
  • Dey, S., Fluvial Hydrodynamics.Springer, 2014.
  • Bor, A.T., Experimental and Numerical Study of Local Scour Around Bridge Piers with Different Cross Sections Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow. Dokuz Eylül University, 2015.
  • Melville, B.W., Coleman, S.E., Bridge Scour. Water Resources Publications, Colorado,ABD, 2000.
  • Lanca, R.M.M., Simarro, G., Fael, C.M.S., Cardoso, A.E., Effect of Viscosity on the Equilibrium Scour Depth at Single Cylindrical Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering Vol.142 No:3 Pages: 06015022. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001102, 2016.
  • Tsutsui, T., Fluid force acting on a cylindrical pier standing in a scour. In: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics& Applications. Milano Italy, 2008.
  • Hager, W.H., Unger, J., Bridge Pier Scour under Flood Waves. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 136:842–847. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000281, 2010.
  • Arkis, A., Köprü Uç Ve Orta Ayaklari Etrafindaki Yerel Oyulmalara Karşi Koruyucu Önlemlerin Araştirilmasi. Dokuz Eylül University, 2013.
  • Laursen, E.M., Toch, A., Scour around bridge piers and abutments, Iowa Highways Research Board, Ames, IA., 1956.
  • Dietz, J., Construction of long piers at oblique currents illustrated by the BAB-Main Bridge Eddersheim, and Systematic model tests on scour formation at piers. Mitteilungsblatt der Bundersanstalt fur Wasserbau, Karlsruhe, Germany 31:79–109, 1972.
  • Mostafa, E.A., Scour around skewed bridge piers. Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 1994.
  • Yanmaz, A.M., Kose, O., Surface Characteristics of Scouring at Bridge Elements. Turkish J Eng Env Sci 31:127–134, 2007.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aslı Türkben This is me 0000-0002-1679-5130

Mehmet Şükrü Güney 0000-0003-1441-4784

Project Number 109M637
Publication Date March 1, 2021
Submission Date July 22, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 32 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Türkben, A., & Güney, M. Ş. (2021). Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow. Teknik Dergi, 32(2), 10739-10766. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.595126
AMA Türkben A, Güney MŞ. Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow. Teknik Dergi. March 2021;32(2):10739-10766. doi:10.18400/tekderg.595126
Chicago Türkben, Aslı, and Mehmet Şükrü Güney. “Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow”. Teknik Dergi 32, no. 2 (March 2021): 10739-66. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.595126.
EndNote Türkben A, Güney MŞ (March 1, 2021) Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow. Teknik Dergi 32 2 10739–10766.
IEEE A. Türkben and M. Ş. Güney, “Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow”, Teknik Dergi, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 10739–10766, 2021, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.595126.
ISNAD Türkben, Aslı - Güney, Mehmet Şükrü. “Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow”. Teknik Dergi 32/2 (March 2021), 10739-10766. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.595126.
JAMA Türkben A, Güney MŞ. Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow. Teknik Dergi. 2021;32:10739–10766.
MLA Türkben, Aslı and Mehmet Şükrü Güney. “Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow”. Teknik Dergi, vol. 32, no. 2, 2021, pp. 10739-66, doi:10.18400/tekderg.595126.
Vancouver Türkben A, Güney MŞ. Experimental Investigation of Scour Hole Characteristics for Different Shapes of Piers Caused by Flood Hydrograph Succeeding Steady Flow. Teknik Dergi. 2021;32(2):10739-66.

Cited By

Investigation of Local Scour Hole Dimensions around Circular Bridge Piers under Steady State Conditions
Teknik Dergi
Ömer Yavuz ESKİ
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.704352
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