Design and Implementation of a Textile-Based Embroidered Frequency Selective Surface
Year 2022,
Volume: 32 Issue: 4, 297 - 303, 31.12.2022
İbrahim Üner
,
Sultan Can
,
Banu Hatice Gürcüm
,
Asım Egemen Yılmaz
,
Ertugrul Aksoy
Abstract
This article presents the design, fabrication and analysis of a textile-based band-stop frequency selective surface (FSS), in GSM, WiFi, LTE and WiMAX bands where the electromagnetic (EM) pollution is intense. The unit cell of the proposed FSS has been designed and simulated via a full-wave EM solver; CST Microwave Studio at the frequency of interest. In contrary to traditional FSS designs, which are printed on solid materials such as PCBs, this study presents an FSS considering a woven fabric as a substrate layer having features such as flexibility and compact weight. Two fabrication techniques have been considered one is conducted with a copper tape having a thickness of 35 µm denoted as CT FSS and the second one is conductive yarn embroidering technique denoted as CY FSS for the conducting pattern. Fabricated samples are evaluated in terms of transmission characteristics and a satisfactory agreement is obtained between CT FSS and CY FSS for both simulations and fabricated prototypes.
Supporting Institution
Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi
Project Number
01 / 2020-07
Thanks
We would also like to thank E. Uzay Karakaya for his help during the measurements
References
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Year 2022,
Volume: 32 Issue: 4, 297 - 303, 31.12.2022
İbrahim Üner
,
Sultan Can
,
Banu Hatice Gürcüm
,
Asım Egemen Yılmaz
,
Ertugrul Aksoy
Project Number
01 / 2020-07
References
- Zulkifli, CZ, Hassan HN, Ismail W, Semunab SN. 2015. Embedded RFID and Wireless Mesh Sensor Network Materializing Automated Production Line Monitoring. Acta Physica Polonica A. 128 (2B), 86-89.
- Basit A, Qureshi IM, Khan W, Malik AN. 2016. Range–angle-dependent beamforming for cognitive antenna array radar with frequency diversity. Cognitive Computation. 8(204), 204-2016
- Mukanova, B, Mirgalikyzy T. 2015. Simulation of the Electric Field of a Point Source on the Relief Surface. Acta Physica Polonica A 128(2B), 142-144
- Eurocontrol, “Criteria for selection of frequency band(s) for the future aeronautical communication infrastructure,” 2005. [Online]. Available: https://www.icao.int/safety/acp/ACPWGF/ACP-WG-F-13/WP36-Band Selection criteria for AI 1[1].6 ITU.doc.
- Karan Y, As N, Şahin M.E. 2017. Investigation of GSM, LTE and WI-FI electromagnetic radiation in dwellings. Acta Physica Polonica A 132(3), 509-512
- Can S, Karakaya EU, Yılmaz AE. 2020. Design, fabrication, and measurement of textile-based frequency selective surfaces. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. DOI: 10.1002/mop.32474
- Velentza O. 2015. Electromagnetic pollution - pathological effects of electromagnetic fields in man. AASCIT Journal of Health. 2(6) 74-79.
- Richman R, Munroe AJ, Siddiqui Y. 2014. A pilot neighborhood study towards establishing a benchmark for reducing electromagnetic field levels within single family residential dwellings. The Science of the Total Environment. 466, 625-634
- Tan K-S, Hinberg I. 2004. Electromagnetic interference with medical devices: in vitro laboratory studies and electromagnetic compatibility standards, In Biomedical Engineering. Editor: Dyro J F, Clinical Engineering Handbook, Academic Press, 254-262
- Hesarian MS, Shaikhzadeh NS, Sarraf SR. 2018. Design and fabrication of a fabric for electromagnetic filtering application (experimental and modeling analysis). The Journal of the Textile Institute (109), 775–784.
- Ayinmode BO, Farai IP, Pacific J. 2014. Evaluation of gsm radiation power density in three major cities in Nigeria International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, 8(10), 740 - 743.
- Seyfi L. 2013. Measurement of electromagnetic radiation with respect to the hours and days of a week at 100kHz–3GHz frequency band in a Turkish dwelling. Measurement 46(9), 3002-3009
- Cansiz M, Abbasov T, Kurt MB, Çelik AR. 2016.Mobile measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure level and statistical analysis. Measurement 86, 159-164
- As N, Dilek B, Şahin ME, Karan Y. 2014. Electromagnetic pollution measurement in the RTE university campus area. Global Journal on Advances Pure and Applied Science. 3, 65
- D. Urbinello, W. Joseph, A. Huss, L. Verloock, J. Beekhuizen, R. Vermeulen, L. Martens, M. Röösli, 2014. Radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure levels in different European outdoor urban environments in comparison with regulatory limits Environ Int. 68, 49.
- Sahin ME, As N, Karan Y. 2013. Selective radiation measurement for safety evaluation on base stations Gazi University Journal of Science. 26(1), 73-83.
- Eyüboğlu E, Kaya H. 2010. December. Measurement of TV/radio transmitters at Trabzon-Boztepe region induced electric field strength and evaluation of results. In: Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering Editor (Ed) IEEE , (ELECO) 2010 2010 National Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering Bursa, Turkey.
- Henderson SI, Bangay MJ. 2005. Survey of RF exposure levels from mobile telephone base stations in Australia. Bioelectromagnetics Journal. 27, 73.
- Akkurt I, Mavi B. 2010. The measurement of radiation dose around base-stations. Scientific Research and Essays 5(15), 2088-2090.
- Zhang L, Bi S, and Liu M. 2019. Lightweight Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials and Their Mechanisms, Electromagnetic Materials and Devices. 1–20.
- Can S, Kapusuz KY, Yılmaz AE. 2017. Optically transparent frequency selective surface for ultra-wideband applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 59 (12), 3198-3200
- Munk BA. 2000. Frequency Selective Surfaces: Theory and Design. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI: 10.1002/0471723770.
- Karahan M, Aksoy E, Yavuz YA. 2017. June. Frequency selective surface design to reduce the interference effect on satellite communication. In IEEE, 8th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST), 221–223. Istanbul, Turkey
- Karahan M, Aksoy E. 2020. Design and analysis of angular stable antipodal F‐type frequency selective surface with multi‐band characteristics. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer Aided Engineering (30), 1-16.
- Fang CH, Zheng SQ, Tan H, D. Xie G, and Q Zhang, 2008. Shielding effectiveness measurements on enclosures with various apertures by both mode-tuned reverberation chamber and GTEM cell methodologies, Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 2, 103–114
- Atxaga G., Marcos J., Jurado M., Carapelle A., Orava R. 2012 October. Radiation shielding of composite space enclosures, 63rd Internatıonal Astronautıcal Congress, Naples, Italy.
- M. Li, J. Nuebel, J. L. Drewniak, R. E. DuBroff, T. H. Hubing, and T. P. Van Doren, 2000. EMI from Airflow Aperture Arrays in Shielding Enclosures—Experiments, FDTD, and MoM Modeling, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 42(3), 265–275, 2000.
- Hamat Ö. 2014. Design and development of electromagnetic wave absorbing composites effectıve at microwave frequencies Middle East Technical Universıty, (Master's Thesis) Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ankara.
- Costa F, Monorchio A., and Manara G, 2016. Theory, design and perspectives of electromagnetic wave absorbers,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 5(2), 67–74.
- Watts C, Liu X, and Padilla W. 2012. Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers Advanced Optical Materials, 24(23) 98-120.
- Michalak M, Brazis R, Schabek D, and Krucińska I. 2019 June. Textile Metamaterials, in AUTEX2019-19th World Textile Conference on Textiles at the Crossroads, Ghent, Belgium
- Gairola P, Gairola SP, Dhawan SK, Tandon RP, Gupta V, Purohit LP, Sharma S. 2018. Carbon material-nanoferrite composite for radiation shielding in microwave frequency, Integrated Ferroelectrics, 186(1), 40–48
- Gonzalez M., Pozuelo, J. and Baselga J. 2018. Electromagnetic shielding materials in GHz range, The Chemical Record, 8( 7–8), 1000–1009
- Wang YY, Zhou ZH, Zhou CG, Sun WJ, Gao JF, Dai K, Yan DX, and Li ZM. 2020. Lightweight and robust carbon nanotube/polyimide foam for efficient and heat-resistant electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12(7), 8704-8712.
- Parveen S, Veena C, Vijayan N, and Kotnala RK. 2012. Improved electromagnetic interference shielding response of poly(aniline)-coated fabrics containing dielectric and magnetic nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116 (24), 13403-13412
- Valente R, De Ruijter C, Vlasveld, D, Van Der Zwaag S, and Groen, P. 2017. Setup for EMI shielding effectiveness tests of electrically conductive polymer composites at frequencies up to 3.0 GHz. IEEE Access (5), 16665-16675..
- Demi̇ray Soyaslan, D. 2020. Design and manufacturing of fabric reinforced electromagnetic shielding composite materials. Textile and Apparel, 30 (2), 92-98.
- Morton WE, Hearle JW. 2008. Physical Properties of Textile Fibres, 4. Shaston, UK: The Textile Institute CRC Press Woodhead Publishing Ltd.
- Balanis CA. 1989. Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. New York: Wiley.
- Hasar UC, Ozturk G. 2018. Parameter extraction of samples without the direct application of the passivity principle from reference-plane-invariant measurements, Review of Scientific Instruments, 89(7), 076104
- Chang M. P, Blow E, Sun CJJ, Lu MZ, Prucnal PR. 2017. Integrated microwave photonic circuit for self-interference cancellation, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 65(11), 4493–4501.
- Sun H, Li R, Tian GY, Tang T, Du G, Wang B. 2019. Determination of Complex Permittivity of Thin Dielectric Samples Based on High-Q Microstrip Resonance Sensor, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 296, 31–37.
- Bal K, Kothari VK. 2009. Measurement of dielectric properties of textile materials and their applications. Indian Journal Fiber Textile Research (9).
- Piuzzi E, Pittella E, Pisa S, Cataldo A, De Benedetto E, and Cannazza G. 2018. Microwave reflectometric methodologies for water content estimation in stone-made Cultural Heritage materials, Measurement, 118, 275–281.
- Hasar UC, Barroso J.J, Bute M, Kaya Y, Kocadagistan ME, Ertugrul M. 2014. Attractive method for thickness-independent permittivity measurements of solid dielectric materials, Sensors Actuators A Physics. 206, 107–120.
- Venkatesh M.S, Raghavan GSV. 2005. An overview of dielectric properties measuring techniques, Canadian Biosystems. Engineering, 47, 7.15-7.30.
- Varadan VV, Hollinger RD, Ghodgaonkar DK, Varadan VK. 1991. Free-space, broadband measurements of high-temperature, complex dielectric properties at microwave frequencies, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 40(5), 842–846.
- Ramo S, Whinnery J R, Duzer T.1994. Fields and waves in communication electronics, 3rd ed. NY, USA: John and Wiley & Sons.
- Marsland, TP, Evans S. 1987. Dielectric measurements with an open-ended coaxial probe, IEEE Proceedings (134), 341-349,
- Sun J, Luk K. 2017. A wideband low cost and optically transparent water patch antenna with omnidirectional conical beam radiation patterns, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, (65), 4478-4485.
- M. Radivojević, S. Rupčić, M. Srnović, and G. Benšić, 2018. Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Paper Using a Parallel Plate Capacitor, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9(1)–10
- M. T. Jilani, M. Zaka ur Rehman, A. M. Khan, M. T. Khan, and S. M. Ali, 2012. A Brief Review of Measuring Techniques for Characterization of Dielectric Materials,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1(1–5)
- Venkatesh MS. and Raghavan,VGS. 2005. An Overview of Dielectric Properties Measuring Techniques, Canadian. Biosystems. Engineering.47(7),15–30,
- Saeed, KM. Shafique F, Byrne MB, and Hunter IC, 2012. Planar Microwave Sensors for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Materials and Their Applications, Applied Measurement Systems, In-Tech, 2012, 319–350.
- Han KK. Kim MS, Chun SY, Park HY, Jeon BS, Lee YJ, Hong KY. 2003 “Characteristics of electrically conducting polymer-coated textiles,” Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 405(1), 161–169.
- Özdemir H, Özkurt A, 2012. The effects of weave and conductive yarn density on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of cellular woven fabrics, Tekstil ve konfeksiyon., 23(2), 124–135.
- Ozen MS, Sancak E, Beyit A, Usta I, and Akalin M. 2013. Investigation of electromagnetic shielding properties of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics with stainless steel and polyester fiber. Textile Research Journal 83(8), 849–858.
- Talanov VV, Mercaldo LV, Anlage SM, Claassen JH. 2000. Measurement of the absolute penetration depth and surface resistance of superconductors and normal metals with the variable spacing parallel plate resonator, Review of Scientific Instruments, (71), 2136-2145.
- Hearle JWS. 1954. Capacity, dielectric constant, and power factor of fiber assemblies, Textile Research Journal 24(4), 307–321,
- Varnaite S, Vitkauskas A, Abraitiene A, Rubeziene V, and Valiene V. 2008 The features of electric charge decay in the polyester fabric containing metal fibres, Medziagotyra, 14(2), 157–161.
- Asanovic KA, Mihajlidi TA, Milosavljevic SV, Cerovic DD, Dojcilovic JR. 2007 Investigation of the electrical behavior of some textile materials, Journal Electrostat.,65(3),162–167.
- Kazani I, Hertleer C, de Mey G, Schwarz A, Guxho G,van Langenhove L. 2012. Electrical conductive textiles obtained by screen printing, Fibres and Textiles. Eastern. Europe., 90(1), 57–63.
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