Copper-Electroplating of Biodegradable PCL Nanofiber Mats
Year 2023,
Volume: 33 Issue: 3, 305 - 311, 30.09.2023
Serkan Tezel
,
Sebnem Duzyer Gebizli
,
Ahd Jadouh
,
Serpil Koral Koç
,
Ahmet Peksöz
Abstract
In this study, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were copper (Cu) electroplated in a more environmentally friendly bath compared to conventional electroplating baths. The Cu-plating mechanism and determination of the optimum parameters for the production of Cu-plated PCL nanofiber mats were explained. PCL nanofibers were produced on metal frames by electrospinning. Cu-electroplating needs a conductive surface. To provide this, a gold/palladium mixing was sputtered on the PCL samples with different sputtering thicknesses. After determining the minimum sputtering thickness, the samples were Cu-plated for 1,3,5 and 30 minutes in the electroplating bath. Surface properties of the samples were evaluated after nanofiber production, Au/Pd sputtering and electroplating, respectively. Elemental analyses, mapping and electrical characterizations were also performed after electroplating. The Cu-coated areas gave a sheet resistance in the range of milliohms indicating a highly conductive structure. Every step of the study is described in detail to provide insight for further studies.
Supporting Institution
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
Thanks
This study is a part of Ahd Jadouh’s MSc thesis and it is also financially supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with the project number of 118M670.
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Year 2023,
Volume: 33 Issue: 3, 305 - 311, 30.09.2023
Serkan Tezel
,
Sebnem Duzyer Gebizli
,
Ahd Jadouh
,
Serpil Koral Koç
,
Ahmet Peksöz
References
- 1. Irimia-Vladu M, Głowacki ED, Voss G, Bauer S, Sariciftci NS 2012 Green and biodegradable electronics Mater Today. 15(7–8):340–6.
- 2. Irimia-Vladu M “Green” electronics: biodegradable and biocompatible materials and devices for sustainable future 2013 Chem. Soc. Rev. 43(2):588–610.
- 3. Tan MJ, Owh C, Chee PL, Kyaw AKK, Kai D, Loh XJ 2016 Biodegradable electronics: cornerstone for sustainable electronics and transient applications. J Mater Chem C. 4(24):5531–58.
- 4. Abdulrhman M, Zhakeyev A, Fernández-Posada CM, Melchels FPW, Marques-Hueso J 2022 Routes towards manufacturing biodegradable electronics with polycaprolactone (PCL) via direct light writing and electroless plating. Flex Print Electron 7(2):025006
- 5. Frenot A, Chronakis IS 2003 Polymer nanofibers assembled by electrospinning Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science 8: 64–75.
- 6. Li D, Xia Y 2004 Electrospinning of Nanofibers: Reinventing the Wheel? Adv Mater 16(14):1151–70
- 7. Greiner A, Wendorff JH. Electrospinning: A Fascinating Method for the Preparation of Ultrathin Fibers 2007 Angew Chemie Int Ed 46(30):5670–703.
- 8. Agarwal S, Greiner A, Wendorff JH 2013 Functional materials by electrospinning of polymers. Prog Polym Sci. 38(6):963–91.
- 9. Blachowicz T, Ehrmann A 2020 Conductive Electrospun Nanofiber Mats. Mater 2020, 13(1):152.
- 10. Junger IJ, Wehlage D, Böttjer R, Grothe T, Juhász L, Grassmann C, et al. 2018 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Electrospun Nanofiber Mat-Based Counter Electrodes. Mater 11(9):1604.
- 11. Li Z, Lin Z, Han M, Mu Y, Yu J 2021 Electrospun carbon nanofiber-based flexible films for electric heating elements with adjustable resistance, ultrafast heating rate, and high infrared emissivity. J Mater Sci 56(26):14542–55.
- 12. Wang Y, Yokota T, Someya T 2021 Electrospun nanofiber-based soft electronics. NPG Asia Mater 13(1):1–22.
- 13. Yang G, Tang X, Zhao G, Li Y, Ma C, Zhuang X, et al. 2022 Highly sensitive, direction-aware, and transparent strain sensor based on oriented electrospun nanofibers for wearable electronic applications. Chem Eng J. 435:135004.
- 14. Graham A 1971 Electroplating Engineering Handbook, 3rd Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Company
- 15. Schlesinger M, Paunovic M 2010 Modern Electroplating, 5th Edition. John Wiley & Sons.
- 16. Sinha-Ray S, Zhang Y, Yarin AL 2011 Thorny Devil Nanotextured Fibers: The Way to Cooling Rates on the Order of 1 kW/cm2. Langmuir 27(1):215–26.
- 17. An S, Jo HS, Al-Deyab SS, Yarin AL, Yoon SS 2016 Nano-textured copper oxide nanofibers for efficient air cooling. J Appl Phys 119(6):065306.
- 18. An S, Jo HS, Kim DY, Lee HJ, Ju BK, Al-Deyab SS, et al. 2016 Self-Junctioned Copper Nanofiber Transparent Flexible Conducting Film via Electrospinning and Electroplating. Adv Mater 28(33):7149–54.
- 19. An S, Kim Y Il, Jo HS, Kim MW, Lee MW, Yarin AL, et al. 2017 Silver-decorated and palladium-coated copper-electroplated fibers derived from electrospun polymer nanofibers. Chem Eng J. 327:336–42.
- 20. An S, Kim Y Il, Jo HS, Kim MW, Swihart MT, Yarin AL, et al. 2018 Oxidation-resistant metallized nanofibers as transparent conducting films and heaters. Acta Mater. 143:174–80.
- 21. An S, Lee C, Liou M, Jo HS, Park JJ, Yarin AL, et al. 2014 Supersonically blown ultrathin thorny devil nanofibers for efficient air cooling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(16):13657–66.
- 22. Huh JW, Jeon HJ, Ahn CW 2017 Flexible transparent electrodes made of core-shell-structured carbon/metal hybrid nanofiber mesh films fabricated via electrospinning and electroplating. Curr Appl Phys. 17(11):1401–8.
- 23. Ebadi SV, Fashandi H, Semnani D, Rezaei B, Fakhrali A 2020 Overcoming the potential drop in conducting polymer artificial muscles through metallization of electrospun nanofibers by electroplating process. Smart Mater Struct 29(8):085036.
- 24. Shaw J, Huntington N, Romolo J 1972 Copper electroplating in a citric acid bath, Patent No: US3684666A