AN ESTIMATION METHOD FOR GREENHOUSE TEMPERATURE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM

Year 2021, , 918 - 933, 01.05.2021

Mohammad Hossein Shojaei Hamid Mortezapour Kazem Jafarinaeimi Mohammad Mehdi Maharlooei

https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.930907

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Temperature is one of the most important plant growth parameters that should be controlled in the
greenhouses. The present study was aimed to assess the thermal behavior of a greenhouse with and without the fan and
pad (FP) evaporative cooling system. A method was developed to approximate the greenhouse temperature based on
the mass and energy balance equations. For this purpose, both of the fan and pad evaporative cooling system, and the
greenhouse were studied. The results of the theoretical analysis were compared with those achieved by the experiments.
Maximum deviations of 5.32, 5.56 and 4.53oC were observed between the theoretical and experimental temperatures
of the inside air, the floor and the cover of the greenhouse without the cooling system, respectively. Whereas, the mean
absolute error values associated with the predicted temperatures of the greenhouse with the FP system were ranged
between 1.50 and 25.67%. Based on the obtained values for the correlation coefficient, root mean square error and
mean absolute magnitude error, it was concluded that the models satisfactorily predicted the temperature of the
greenhouse components. An air circulation system inside the greenhouse can be proposed to maintain the lumped
condition even at the high temperatures, and lead to smaller errors. The results indicated that the inside air, the floor
and the cover temperature of the greenhouse reduced by respectively 20.6, 13.0 and 20.6 oC when using the FP system
with the air velocity of 4.4 ms-1 and the pad thickness of 6 cm.

Keywords

Absolute Error, Fan and Pad, Heat and Mass Transfer, Mathematical Modelling

References

• [1] Iosif Stylianou I, Tassou S, Christodoulides P, Panayides I, Florides G. Measurement and analysis of thermal properties of rocks for the compilation of geothermal maps of Cyprus. Renewable Energy 2016;88(Supplement C):418- 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.10.058.
• [2] Mustafa Omer A. Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2008;12(2):344-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.10.003.
• [3] Benli H. Performance prediction between horizontal and vertical source heat pump systems for greenhouse heating with the use of artificial neural networks. Heat Mass Transfer 2016;52(8):1707-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1723-z.
• [4] Çakır U, Şahin E. Using solar greenhouses in cold climates and evaluating optimum type according to sizing, position and location: A case study. Comput Electron Agric 2015;117:245-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2015.08.005.
• [5] Esmaeli H, Roshandel R. Optimal design for solar greenhouses based on climate conditions. Renewable Energy 2020;145:1255-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.090.
• [6] Impron I, Hemming S, Bot GPA. Simple greenhouse climate model as a design tool for greenhouses in tropical lowland. Biosyst Eng 2007;98(1):79-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.03.028.
• [7] Garcia-Alonso Y, Espi E, Salmeron A, Fontecha A, Gonzalez A, Lopez J, editors. New cool plastic films for greenhouse covering in tropical and subtropical areas2006: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.719.12.
• [8] Ould Khaoua SA, Bournet PE, Migeon C, Boulard T, Chassériaux G. Analysis of Greenhouse Ventilation Efficiency based on Computational Fluid Dynamics. Biosyst Eng 2006;95(1):83-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.05.004.
• [9] Kumar K, Tiwari K, Jha MK. Design and technology for greenhouse cooling in tropical and subtropical regions: A review. Energy Build 2009;41(12):1269-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.08.003.
• [10] Teitel M, Liran O, Tanny J, Barak M. Wind driven ventilation of a mono-span greenhouse with a rose crop and continuous screened side vents and its effect on flow patterns and microclimate. Biosyst Eng 2008;101(1):111-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.05.012.
• [11] Ghoulem M, El Moueddeb K, Nehdi E, Boukhanouf R, Calautit JK. Greenhouse design and cooling technologies for sustainable food cultivation in hot climates: Review of current practice and future status. Biosyst Eng 2019;183:121-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.04.016.
• [12] Ghosal MK, Tiwari GN, Srivastava NSL. Modeling and experimental validation of a greenhouse with evaporative cooling by moving water film over external shade cloth. Energy Build 2003;35(8):843-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00242-6.
• [13] Ahmed EM, Abaas O, Ahmed M, Ismail MR. Performance evaluation of three different types of local evaporative cooling pads in greenhouses in Sudan. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011;18(1):45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.09.005.
• [14] Jain D, Tiwari GN. Modeling and optimal design of evaporative cooling system in controlled environment greenhouse. Energy Convers Manage 2002;43(16):2235-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00151-0.
• [15] Ganguly A, Ghosh S. Modeling and analysis of a fan–pad ventilated floricultural greenhouse. Energy Build 2007;39(10):1092-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.12.003.
• [16] Rjibi A, Kooli S, Guizani A. The effects of regeneration temperature of the desiccant wheel on the performance of desiccant cooling cycles for greenhouse thermally insulated. Heat Mass Transfer 2018;54(11):3427- 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2369-4.
• [17] Van Straten G, van Willigenburg G, van Henten E, van Ooteghem R. Optimal control of greenhouse cultivation. Taylor & Francis group: CRC press; 2010. 296 p.: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10321.
• [18] Bergman TL, Incropera FP. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer: John Wiley & Sons; 2011.
• [19] Kalogirou SA. Solar energy engineering: processes and systems. Elsevier: Academic Press; 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-07038-2.
• [20] van Ooteghem RJC. Optimal Control Design for a Solar Greenhouse. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2010;43(26):304-9. https://doi.org/10.3182/20101206-3-JP-3009.00054.
• [21] Vadiee A, Martin V. Energy management in horticultural applications through the closed greenhouse concept, state of the art. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2012;16(7):5087-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.022.
• [22] Joudi KA, Farhan AA. A dynamic model and an experimental study for the internal air and soil temperatures in an innovative greenhouse. Energy Convers Manage 2015;91(Supplement C):76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.052.
• [23] Mei J, Xia X. Energy-efficient predictive control of indoor thermal comfort and air quality in a direct expansion air conditioning system. Appl Energy 2017;195(Supplement C):439-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.076.
• [24] Bahadori MN, Dehghani-sanij A, Sayigh A. An Analytical–Numerical Study of the Performance of New Designs of Wind Towers. Wind Towers: Springer; 2014. p. 119-47.
• [25] Mortezapour H, Ghobadian B, Khoshtaghaza M, Minaei S. Drying kinetics and quality characteristics of saffron dried with a heat pump assisted hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar dryer. J Agric Sci Technol 2014;16(1):33- 45.
• [26] Mortezapour H, Ghobadian B, Khoshtaghaza M, Minaee S. Performance analysis of a two-way hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar collector. J Agric Sci Technol 2012;14(4):767-80.
• [27] Taki M, Ajabshirchi Y, Ranjbar SF, Rohani A, Matloobi M. Heat transfer and MLP neural network models to predict inside environment variables and energy lost in a semi-solar greenhouse. Energy Build 2016;110(Supplement C):314-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.010.
• [28] Singh RD, Tiwari GN. Energy conservation in the greenhouse system: A steady state analysis. Energy 2010;35(6):2367-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.02.003.
• [29] Kozai T, Sase S, editors. A simulation of natural ventilation for a multi-span greenhouse1978: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1978.87.3.
• [30] Landsberg JJ, White B, Thorpe MR. Computer analysis of the efficacy of evaporative cooling for glasshouses in high energy environments. J Agric Eng Res 1979;24(1):29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8634(79)90058-1.
• [31] Chandra P, Singh J, Majumdar G. Some results of evaporative cooling of a plastic greenhouse. J Agric Eng Res 1989;26(3):274-80.
• [32] Ramkumar R. Experimental investigation of indirect evaporative cooler using clay pipe. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2017;3(2):1163-80. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.298618.
• [33] Shukla A, Tiwari G, Sodha M. Thermal modeling for greenhouse heating by using thermal curtain and an earth–air heat exchanger. Build Environ 2006;41(7):843-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.04.014.
• [34] Tiwari G, Akhtar M, Shukla A, Khan ME. Annual thermal performance of greenhouse with an earth–air heat exchanger: an experimental validation. Renewable Energy 2006;31(15):2432-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.11.006.
• [35] Panwar N, Kaushik S, Kothari S. Solar greenhouse an option for renewable and sustainable farming. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2011;15(8):3934-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.030.
• [36] Dariouchy A, Aassif E, Lekouch K, Bouirden L, Maze G. Prediction of the intern parameters tomato greenhouse in a semi-arid area using a time-series model of artificial neural networks. Measurement 2009;42(3):456- 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2008.08.013.
• [37] Baptista F, Bailey B, Randall J, Meneses J. Greenhouse ventilation rate: theory and measurement with tracer gas techniques. J Agric Eng Research 1999;72(4):363-74.
• [38] Ghosal M, Tiwari G, Srivastava N. Thermal modeling of a greenhouse with an integrated earth to air heat exchanger: an experimental validation. Energy Build 2004;36(3):219-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2003.10.006.
• [39] Iga JL, Iga JL, Iga CL, Flores RA. Effect of air density variations on greenhouse temperature model. Mathematical and computer modelling 2008;47(9-10):855-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2007.05.011.
• [40] Shojaei MH, Mortezapour H, Jafarinaimi K, Maharlooei MM. Temperature Prediction of a Greenhouse Equipped with Evaporative Cooling System Using Regression Models and Artificial Neural Network (Case Study in Kerman City). Iran J Biosyst Eng 2019;49(4):567-76. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijbse.2018.241916.664987.