Comparison of thermal response times of historical and modern building wall materials

Year 2021, , 1506 - 1518, 02.09.2021

Ahmet Yüksel Müslüm Arıcı Hasan Karabay

https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.991093

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The study aims to identify the main reason of the thermal response time difference between historical and modern buildings. Therefore, in this study, the thermal response time of historical and modern wall structures and its effect on the interior air temperature change was investigated parametrically. Considering the environmental conditions of Kocaeli province, Turkey, the thermal response time of a historical building wall made of a cut stone was compared with those of brick and gas concrete wall structures having the same overall heat transfer coefficient using the second-order lumped capacitance approach. The insulation thicknesses of the three different construction materials for U-values of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 W/m2K were calculated and temperature variations of indoor environment, wall and insulation material were analyzed. In addition, the required thicknesses of insulation material to obtain the same heat transfer coefficients were determined in case of using the 0.1 m thickness of cut stone, brick and gas concrete structure materials. The maximum and minimum amplitudes of the inside air temperature were recorded as 0.59 and 0.18oC for the aerated concrete in Case 3 and for the
cut stone in Case 2, respectively. As a result, the walls with high thermal inertia are less affected by the changes in the environmental temperature although their U-value is relatively high. For this reason, it can be stated that one of the reasons why historical buildings have thick walls is to increase thermal inertia and thereby improve thermal comfort by reducing energy loss.

Keywords

Historical buildings, Thermal mass, U-Value, Indoor air temperature, Insulation, Lumped capacitance method

References

• [1] Spodek JC, Harrison CK. Cloud based 3-D digital photogrammetry Pertev Paşa Mosque (Izmit, Turkey). Conference: 3D Digital Documentation Summit At: New Orleans, LA, USA, April 2017.
• [2] Roca P, González JL, Oñate E, Lourenço PB. Experimental and numerical issues in the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of masonry. Structural analysis of historical constructions II. CIMNE, Barcelona. 1998:57–91.
• [3] Kalpana M, Mohith S. Study on autoclaved aerated concrete. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020;22:894–896. [CrossRef]
• [4] Bruno AW, Gallipoli D, Perlot C, Kallel H. Thermal performance of fired and unfired earth bricks walls. Journal of Building Engineering 2020;28:101017. [CrossRef]
• [5] Turgut P, Yesilata B. Physico-mechanical and thermal performances of newly developed rubber-added bricks. Energy and Buildings 2008;40:679–688. [CrossRef]
• [6] Tunçbilek E, Arıcı M, Bouadila S. Wonorahardjo S. Seasonal and annual performance analysis of PCM-integrated building brick under the climatic conditions of Marmara region. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2020;141:613–624. [CrossRef]
• [7] Korti AIN. Numerical simulation on the effect of latent heat thermal energy storage unit. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2016;2:598–606. [CrossRef]
• [8] Cui H, Overend M. A review of heat transfer characteristics of switchable insulation technologies for thermally adaptive building envelopes. Energy and Buildings, 2019;199:427–444. [CrossRef]
• [9] Abu-Jdayil B, Mourad AH, Hittini W, Hassan M, Hameedi S. Traditional, state-of-the-art and renewable thermal building insulation materials: an overview. Construction and Building Materials 2019;214:709–735. [CrossRef]
• [10] Villasmil W, Fischer LJ, Worlitschek J. A review and evaluation of thermal insulation materials and methods for thermal energy storage systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019;103:71–84. [CrossRef]
• [11] Anand Y, Anand S, Gupta A, Tyagi S. Building envelope performance with different insulating materials - An exergy approach. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2015;1:433–439. [CrossRef]
• [12] Ağbulut Ü. Mathematical calculation and experimental investigation of expanded perlite based heat insulation materials’ thermal conductivity values. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2018;4:2274–2286. [CrossRef]
• [13] Nematchoua MK, Raminosoa CR, Mamiharijaona R, René T, Orosa JA, Elvis W, et al. Study of the economical and optimum thermal insulation thickness for buildings in a wet and hot tropical climate: case of cameroon. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2015;50:1192–1202. [CrossRef]
• [14] Islam S, Bhat G. Environmentally-friendly thermal and acoustic insulation materials from recycled textiles. Journal of Environmental Management 2019;251:109536. [CrossRef]
• [15] Bottino-Leone D, Larcher M, Herrera-Avellanosa D, Haas F, Troi A. Evaluation of natural-based internal insulation systems in historic buildings through a holistic approach. Energy 2019;181:521–531. [CrossRef]
• [16] Finken GR, Bjarløv SP, Peuhkuri RH. Effect of façade impregnation on feasibility of capillary active thermal internal insulation for a historic dormitory–A hygrothermal simulation study. Construction and Building Materials 2016;113:202–214. [CrossRef]
• [17] Jerman M, Palomar I, Kocí, V, Cerny R. Thermal and hygric properties of biomaterials suitable for interior thermal insulation systems in historical and traditional buildings. Building and Environment 2019;154:81–88. [CrossRef]
• [18] Murgul V, Pukhkal V. Saving the architectural appearance of the historical buildings due to heat insulation of their external walls. Procedia Engineering 2015;117:891–899. [CrossRef]
• [19] Lucchi E, Tabak M, Troi A. The “cost optimality” approach for the internal insulation of historic buildings. Energy Procedia 2017;133:412–423. [CrossRef]
• [20] Verbeke S, Audenaert A. Thermal inertia in buildings: A review of impacts across climate and building use. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018;82:2300–2318. [CrossRef]
• [21] Al-Motawakel MK, Probert SD, Norton B. Thermal behaviors of vernacular buildings in the Yemen Arab Republic. Applied Energy 1986;24:245–276. [CrossRef]
• [22] Aste N, Angelotti A, Buzzetti M. The influence of the external wall’s thermal inertia on the energy performance of well insulated buildings. Energy and Buildings 2009;41:1181–1187. [CrossRef]
• [23] Aste N, Leonforte, F, Manfren M, Mazzon M. Thermal inertia and energy efficiency–Parametric simulation assessment on a calibrated case study. Applied Energy 2015;145:111–123. [CrossRef]
• [24] Argunhan Z, Oktay H, Yumrutaş R. Comparison of heat gain values obtained for building structures with real and constant properties. BEU Journal of Science 2019;8:1518–1532. [CrossRef]
• [25] Turkish Standard Number Turkish Standard Number 825 (TS 825), 1999. Official Gazette Number 23725 (in Turkish).
• [26] Sisman N, Kahya E, Aras N, Aras H. Determination of optimum insulation thicknesses of the external walls and roof (ceiling) for Turkey’s different degree-day regions. Energy Policy 2007;35:5151–5155. [CrossRef]
• [27] Stock Photo – A weathered stone wall with differing size cut stone showing masonry skills in buildings. Available at: https://www.123rf.com/photo_128069620_a-weathered-stone-wall-with-differing-size-cut-stone-showing-masonry-skills-in-buildings-.html, Aceesed on Oct 17, 2020.
• [28] https://ddbs.com.au/shop/bricks/claypave-regal-bricks-230x110x75-tan/, Citation Date: 17/01/2020. Erişim adresi hata veriyor.
• [29] Stock Photo – Under construction blocks wall. It is constructed with autoclaved aerated concrete. Available at: https://www.123rf.com/photo_85260554_under-construction-blocks-wall-it-is-constructed-with-autoclaved-aerated-concrete-.html, Aceesed on Oct 17, 2020.
• [30] Arıcı ME, Güler B. Numerical investigation of transient response of building components for the cooling process. XI. International. HVAC+R Technology Symposium, 2014, Abst. 0040.
• [31] Crabb JA, Murdoch N, Penman JM. A simplified thermal response model. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 1987;8:13–19. [CrossRef]
• [32] Kircher KJ, Zhang KM. On the lumped capacitance approximation accuracy in RC network building models. Energy and Buildings 2015;108:454–462. [CrossRef]
• [33] Khalilian M. Experimental investigation and theoretical modelling of heat transfer in circular solar ponds by lumped capacitance model. Applied Thermal Engineering 2017;121:737–749. [CrossRef]
• [34] Bilgin F, Arıcı M. Effect of phase change materials on time lag, decrement factor and heat-saving, Acta Physica Polonica A 2017;132:1102–1105. [CrossRef]
• [35] Netam N, Sanyal S, Bhowmick S. A mathematical model featuring time lag and decrement factor to assess indoor thermal conditions in low-income-group house. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2020;6:114–127. [CrossRef]
• [36] Loveday DL, Taki AH. Convective heat transfer coefficients at a plane surface on a full-scale building façade. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1996;39:1729–1742. [CrossRef]
• [37] Çengel YA. Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach, 2nd ed. New York: McGrawHill, 2003.
• [38] Xu B, Li PW, Chan CL. Extending the validity of lumped capacitance method for large Biot number in thermal storage application. Solar Energy 2012;86:1709–1724. [CrossRef]
• [39] Jara EAR, Flor FJS, Dominguez SA, Felix JLM, Lissen JMS. A new analytical approach for simplified thermal modelling of buildings: self-adjusting RC-network model, Energy and Buildings 2016;130:85–97. [CrossRef]
• [40] Gouda MM, Danaher S, Underwood CP. Building thermal model reduction using nonlinear constrained optimization. Building and Environment 2002;37:1255–1265. [CrossRef]
• [41] Huang H, Zhou Y, Huang R, Wu H, Sun Y, Huang G, et al Optimum insulation thicknesses and energy conservation of building thermal insulation materials in Chinese zone of humid subtropical climate. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020;52:101840. [CrossRef]
• [42] Gagliano A, Patania F, Nocera F, Signorello C. Assessment of the dynamic thermal performance of massive buildings. Energy and Buildings 2014;72:361–370. [CrossRef]