Küresel Göç Krizi ve Kurumsal Şiddet: ABD-Meksika Sınırı Örneği

Year 2020, Issue: 4-5, 307 - 323, 15.06.2020

Segâh Tekin

Abstract

Göç ve iltica nedenlerinin iç içe geçmesiyle günümüz dünyasında hukuki boyuttaki göçmen ve mülteci ayrımı pratikteki önemini giderek yitirmektedir. Soğuk Savaş sonrasında göç hareketliliğinde büyük artış yaşanırken, öncelikli göç destinasyonları olan G20 ülkelerinin önemli kısmı iltica ve göç politikalarını hukuki ve insani kaygılar yerine ekonomik kaygılar ve toplumsal talepler çerçevesinde şekillendirmektedirler. Bu yaklaşım gelişmiş ülkeleri insan haklarını; ulusal ve uluslararası hukuki düzenlemeleri yadsıyan iltica hakkını tanımamak, göçmenleri kamplara ve gözetim merkezlerine hapsetmek, çocukları ebeveynlerinden ayırmak gibi uygulamalara yöneltmektedir. ABD’nin Meksika sınırında uygulamakta olduğu sıfır tolerans politikası, bu eğilime somut bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu ve benzeri kurumsal şiddet uygulamaları, göçmenlere yönelik doğrudan şiddete giden yolu kısaltmakta ve kültürel şiddetten beslenirken ona zemin de hazırlamaktadır. Göçmenlere yönelik kurumsal şiddetin küresel düzeydeki yansımalarının ele alınması, Türkiye’nin güncel ve gelecekteki göç politikalarının insan hakları bağlamında belirlenmesine ve ülkenin hâlihazırda barındırdığı göçmen nüfusa yaklaşımı üzerine inşa ettiği yumuşak güçten daha etkin bir diplomasi aracı olarak yararlanmasına katkıda bulunacaktır.

Keywords

Göç, İltica, Kurumsal Şiddet, ABD, Meksika

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