Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı

Year 2016, , 211 - 237, 01.04.2016

Nazan Yalçın Erik

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.298230

Abstract

Küresel enerji prospeksiyonu özellikle son birkaç yıl içinde üretilmesi güç petrol (tight reservoir) ve şeyl gaz (kaya gazı) gibi geleneksel olmayan enerji kaynaklarının (ankonvansiyonel) üretiminde kullanılabilecek teknolojinin gelişmesi ile önemli oranda değişim göstermiştir. Ekonomik olarak büyük katkı sağladığı görülen ve gelecekte ekonomik, sosyal ve politik alanlarda daha büyük etki potansiyelinin olacağı öngörülen bu kaynaklar, birçok ülkede ve milyonlarca insan tarafından yüzey suları, yeraltı suları ve yerel hava kalitesi açısından zararlı olduğu gerekçesi ile protesto edilmiş ve bu konuların da ekonomik getiri ile birlikte ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Özellikle, küresel ölçekte yaşanan doğal felaketler, 20. yüzyılda küresel ısınma, atmosferin kimyasal bileşimi ve bu bileşimsel değişikliklerin ekoloji ve insanlığa olan etkisine ilgi çekmiştir. Bu makalede özellikle son yılların ilgi odağı haline gelen, ekonomik prospeksiyonları alt üst etmesi yanı sıra, küresel politikanın da belki yeniden şekillenmesine neden olan şeyl gazının oluşumu, şeyl kaynak kayalarının petrofiziksel özellikleri, araştırma ve üretim teknikleri ile ülkelerin enerji ihtiyacının karşılanmasındaki rolü, bu sırada ekolojiye olan etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Enerji kaynaklarının tarihsel süreçte olduğu gibi gelecekte de sadece yakıt ve enerji kaynağı olarak bir anlam taşımayacağı, ekonomi ve sosyal alanlardaki etkilerinden bahsedilerek ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Emisyonlar, enerji kaynakları, hidrolik çatlatma, şeyl gaz

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