Investigation of Rutting and Low Temperature Cracking Behavior of Reactive Ethylene Terpolymer and Waste Cooking Oil Modified Bitumen
Year 2024,
Volume: 35 Issue: 4, 1 - 26, 01.07.2024
Aytuğ Kumandaş
,
Erman Çavdar
,
Neslihan Şahan
,
Baha Kök
,
Erhan Burak Pancar
,
Şeref Oruç
Abstract
With sustainability being the most crucial issue of recent years, the use of waste materials in bitumen modification is increasing and becoming widespread. In this experimental study, it was aimed to investigate the high- and low-temperature behavior of bitumen samples modified with waste cooking oil (WCO), reactive ethylene terpolymer (RET), and polyphosphoric acid (PPA). Accordingly, the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test and the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test were conducted. Depending on the increasing WCO ratio, the Jnr,R%,∆T_c,and λ parameters of modified bitumens were examined in detail. It was observed that with increasing WCO ratio,the Jnr value increased, and elastic recovery and stiffness decreased. In addition, it has been determined that this composite-modified bitumen is resistant to heavy traffic loads and has sufficient flexibility at low temperatures.
Project Number
PYO.MUH.1904.20.009
References
- Oruç, Ş., Yılmaz, B., Sancak, K., Characterization and rheological behavior of asphalt binder modified by a novel cyclic borate ester additive. Constr. Build. Mater. 348, 128673, 2022.
- Oruç, Ş., Yılmaz, B., Sancak, K., Effect of boron-containing additives on rheological properties of asphalt binder. Constr. Build. Mater. 17, 4, 810-824, 2016.
- Saedi, S., Oruç, Ş., The Influence of SBS, Viatop Premium and FRP on the Improvement of Stone Mastic Asphalt Performance. Fibers. 8, 4, 20, 2020.
- Aksoy, A., İskender, E., Oruç, Ş., Özen, H., SBS Polimeri ve Su Hasarı Önleyici Katkıların Asfalt Kaplamalarda Performans Karşılaştırması. Teknik Dergi. 23, 113, 5967-5986, 2012.
- Yeşilçiçek, H., Oruç, Ş., Gülfer Bozdemir, M., Characterization and rheological properties of asphalt binder with a novel tall oil-based boron additive to enhance asphalt performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 359, 129510, 2022.
- Airey, G.D., Rheological evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate polymer modified bitumens. Constr. Build. Mater. 16, 8, 473-487, 2002.
- İskender, E., Aksoy, A., Investigation of the Effects of Nanoclay/Polymer/Bitumen Nanocomposite Preparation Method on Asphalt Mixture Performance. Teknik Dergi. 32, 3, 10885-10906, 2021.
- Bulatovic, V.O., Rek, V., Markovic, K.J., Rheological properties of bitumen modified with ethylene butylacrylate glycidylmethacrylate. Polym. Eng. Sci. 54, 5, 1056-1065, 2014.
- Gama, D.A., Yan, Y., Rodrigues, J.K.G., Roque, R., Optimizing the use of reactive terpolymer, polyphosphoric acid and high-density polyethylene to achieve asphalt binders with superior performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 169, 522-529, 2018.
- Polacco, G., Stastna, J., Biondi, D., Antonelli, F., Vlachovicova, Z., Zanzotto, L., Rheology of asphalts modified with glycidylmethacrylate functionalized polymers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 280, 2, 366-73, 2004.
- Bulatovic, V.O., Rek, V., Markovic, K.J., Effect of polymer modifiers on the properties of bitumen. J. Elastom. Plast. 46, 5, 448-469, 2014.
- Kök, B.V., Yilmaz, M., Geçkil, A., Evaluation of Low-Temperature and Elastic Properties of Crumb Rubber– and SBS-Modified Bitumen and Mixtures. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25, 2, 257-265, 2013.
- Köfteci, S., Gunay, T., Ahmedzade, P., Rheological Analysis of Modified Bitumen by PVC Based Various Recycled Plastics. J. Transp. Eng. B: Pavements. 146, 4, 04020063, 2020.
- Eriskin, E., Karahancer, S., Terzi, S., Saltan, M., Waste frying oil modified bitumen usage for sustainable hot mix asphalt pavement. Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 17, 4, 863-870, 2017.
- Ahmedzade, P., Fainleib, A., Günay, T., Grigoryeva, O., Usage of Recycled Postconsumer Polypropylene in Bituminous Binder. Teknik Dergi. 27, 3, 7497-7513, 2016.
- Özdemir, A.M., Yalçın, E., Yılmaz, M., Kök, B.V., Dynamic-Mechanic Analysis and Rheological Modelling of Waste Face Mask Modified Bitumen. Turkish J. Civ. Eng. 35, 1, 2023.
- Zahoor, M., Nizamuddin, S., Madapusi, S., Giustozzi, F., Sustainable asphalt rejuvenation using waste cooking oil: A comprehensive review. J. Clean. Prod. 278, 2021.
- McGennis, R.B., Shuler, S., Bahia, H.U., Background of Superpave asphalt binder test methods, Final Report, FHWA-SA-94-069, Asphalt Institute, Federal Highway Administration Office of Technology Applications, Lexington, KN, USA, 1994.
- FHWA, The Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Procedure, TechBrief, FHWA-HIF-11-038, Office of Pavement Technology, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2011.
- AASHTO M 332, Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2023.
- Asphalt Institute, Use of the Delta Tc Parameter to Characterize Asphalt Binder Behavior, State-of-the-Knowledge, IS-240, Asphalt Institute Technical Advisory Committee, Lexington, KN, USA, 2019.
- Anderson, R.M., King, G.N., Hanson, D.I., Blankenship, P.B., Evaluation of the Relationship Between Asphalt Binder Properties and Non-Load Related Cracking. J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Techn. 80, 615-664, 2011.
- Liu, S., Cao, W., Fang, J., Shang, S., Variance analysis and performance evaluation of different crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt. Constr. Build. Mater. 23, 7, 2701-2708, 2009.
- Kumandas, A., Cavdar, E., Oruc, S., Pancar, E.B., Kok, B.V., Effect of WCO addition on high and low-temperature performance of RET modified bitumen. Constr. Build. Mater. 323, 126561, 2022.
- Domingos, M.D.I., Faxina, A.L., Accelerated short-term ageing effects on the rheological properties of modified bitumens with similar high PG grades. Road. Mater. Pavement. 16, 2, 469-480, 2015.
- Domingos, M.D.I., Faxina, A.L., Bernucci, L.L.B., Characterization of the rutting potential of modified asphalt binders and its correlation with the mixture's rut resistance. Constr. Build. Mater. 144, 207-213, 2017.
- Almusawi, A., Sengoz, B., Topal, A., Evaluation of mechanical properties of different asphalt concrete types in relation with mixing and compaction temperatures. Constr. Build. Mater. 268, 121140, 2021.
- Singh, D., Ashish, P.K., Kataware, A., Habal, A., Effects of WMA additives and hydrated lime on high-stress and high-temperature performance of Elvaloy® - and PPA-modified asphalt binder. Road. Mater. Pavement. 20, 6, 1354-1375, 2019.
- Geckil, T., Seloglu, M., Performance properties of asphalt modified with reactive terpolymer. Constr. Build. Mater. 173, 262-271, 2018.
- Hampl, R., Vacin, O., Jasso, M., Stastna, J., Zanzotto, L., Modeling of tensile creep and recovery of polymer modified asphalt binders at low temperatures. Appl. Rheol. 25, 3, 2015.
- Jasso, M., Hampl, R., Vacin, O., Bakos, D., Stastna, J., Zanzotto, L., Rheology of conventional asphalt modified with SBS, Elvaloy and polyphosphoric acid. Fuel. Process. Technol. 140, 172-179, 2015.
- Singh, D., Habal, A., Ashish, P.K., Kataware, A., Evaluating suitability of energy efficient and anti-stripping additives for polymer and Polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt binder using surface free energy approach. Constr. Build. Mater. 158, 949-960, 2018.
- ASTM D2872, Standard Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2022.
- ASTM D6521, Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2022.
- AASHTO T 315, Standard Method of Test for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2022.
- AASHTO M 320, Standard specification for performance-graded asphalt binder, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2023.
- Asphalt Institute, Guidance on the Use of the MSCR Test with the AASHTO M320 Specification, Guidance Document, Asphalt Institute Technical Advisory Committee, Lexington, KN, USA, 2010.
- AASHTO T 350, Standard Method of Test for Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2019.
- Zeiada, W., Liu, H., Ezzat, H., Al-Khateeb, G.G., Shane Underwood, B., Shanableh, A., Samarai, M., Review of the Superpave performance grading system and recent developments in the performance-based test methods for asphalt binder characterization. Constr. Build. Mater. 319, 126063, 2022.
- Anderson, R.M., Implementation of the MSCR Test and Specification, Association of Modified Asphalt Producers Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City, USA, 2016.
- Salim, R., Gundla, A., Underwood, B.S., Kaloush, K.E., Effect of MSCR Percent Recovery on Performance of Polymer Modified Asphalt Mixtures. Transp. Res. Rec. 2673, 5, 308-319, 2019.
- ASTM D6648, Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2016.
- Liu, S., Cao, W., Shang, S., Qi, H., Fang, J., Analysis and application of relationships between low-temperature rheological performance parameters of asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 24, 4, 471-478, 2010.
- Arslan, D., Gürü, M., Kürşat Çubuk, M., Performance assessment of organic-based synthetic calcium and boric acid modified bitumens. Fuel. 102, 766-772, 2012.
- Wei, C., Zhang, H., Duan, H., Effect of catalytic-reactive rejuvenator on structure and properties of aged SBS modified asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 246, 118531, 2020.
- Li, J., Xiao, F., Amirkhanian, S.N., Storage, fatigue and low temperature characteristics of plasma treated rubberized binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 209, 454-462, 2019.
- Wang, W., Luo, R., Yan, G., Wang, L., Evaluation on moisture sensitivity induced by dynamic pore water pressure for asphalt mixture and its components using the bending beam rheometer method. Constr. Build. Mater. 251, 118942, 2020.
- Xu, N., Wang, H., Chen, Y., Miljković, M., Feng, P., Ding, H., Thermal storage stability and rheological properties of multi-component styrene-butadiene-styrene composite modified bitumen. Constr. Build. Mater. 322, 126494, 2022.
- Blankenship, P., Anderson, R.M., King, G.N., Hanson, D.I., A Laboratory and Field Investigation to Develop Test Procedures for Predicting Non-Load Associated Cracking of Airfield HMA Pavements, Final Report, 09-119-00948, Airfield Asphalt Pavement Technology (AAPT) Program, Tempe, AZ, USA, 2010.
- McDaniel, R.S., Shah, A., Investigation of delta Tc for implementation in Indiana, Final Report, FHWA/IN/JTRP-2019/14, Joint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 2019.
- AASHTO PP 78, Standard Practice for Design Considerations When Using Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS) in Asphalt Mixtures, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2017.
- Domingos, M.D.I., Faxina, A.L., Rheological analysis of asphalt binders modified with Elvaloy terpolymer and polyphosphoric acid on the multiple stress creep and recovery test. Mater. Struct. 48, 5, 1405-1416, 2015.
- Niu, D., Xie, X., Zhang, Z., Niu, Y., Yang, Z., Influence of binary waste mixtures on road performance of asphalt and asphalt mixture. J. Clean. Prod. 298, 126842, 2021.
- Liu, K., Zhang, K., Wu, J., Muhunthan, B., Shi, X., Evaluation of mechanical performance and modification mechanism of asphalt modified with graphene oxide and warm mix additives. J. Clean. Prod. 193, 87-96, 2018.
- Saboo, N., Sukhija, M., Singh, G., Effect of Nanoclay on Physical and Rheological Properties of Waste Cooking Oil–Modified Asphalt Binder. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 33, 3, 04020490, 2021.
- Bessa, I.S., Takahashi, M.M., Vasconcelos, K.L., Bernucci, L.L.B., Characterization of neat and modified asphalt binders and mixtures in relation to permanent deformation. Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater. 26, 1, 379-387, 2019.
- Kök, B.V., Erkuş, Y., Yilmaz, M., Evaluation of the Cohesive Properties of SBS-Modified Binders at Low Temperatures. Slovak J. Civ. Eng. 29, 1, 27-34, 2021.
- Kluttz, R.Q., Prepared discussion on relationships between mixture fatigue performance and asphalt binder properties. J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Techn. 88, 108-112, 2019.
- Kaşak, S., Orhan, F., Eribol, S., Güngör, A.G., Yeni Bitüm Standardı, 4. Ulusal Asfalt Sempozyumu, Ankara, Türkiye, 2004.
- Kaya, M., Çelik, O.N., Türkiye Coğrafi Bölgeleri için Performans Dereceli Bitümlü Bağlayıcı Sınıflarının Belirlenmesi, 5. Ulusal Asfalt Sempozyumu, Ankara, Türkiye, 2009.
Investigation of Rutting and Low Temperature Cracking Behavior of Reactive Ethylene Terpolymer and Waste Cooking Oil Modified Bitumen
Year 2024,
Volume: 35 Issue: 4, 1 - 26, 01.07.2024
Aytuğ Kumandaş
,
Erman Çavdar
,
Neslihan Şahan
,
Baha Kök
,
Erhan Burak Pancar
,
Şeref Oruç
Abstract
With sustainability being the most crucial issue of recent years, the use of waste materials in bitumen modification is increasing and becoming widespread. In this experimental study, it was aimed to investigate the high- and low-temperature behavior of bitumen samples modified with waste cooking oil (WCO), reactive ethylene terpolymer (RET), and polyphosphoric acid (PPA). Accordingly, the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test and the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test were conducted. Depending on the increasing WCO ratio, the Jnr,R%,∆T_c,and λ parameters of modified bitumens were examined in detail. It was observed that with increasing WCO ratio,the Jnr value increased, and elastic recovery and stiffness decreased. In addition, it has been determined that this composite-modified bitumen is resistant to heavy traffic loads and has sufficient flexibility at low temperatures.
Supporting Institution
ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Project Number
PYO.MUH.1904.20.009
Thanks
This work was supported by the Ondokuz Mayıs University under Grant number PYO.MUH.1904.20.009.
References
- Oruç, Ş., Yılmaz, B., Sancak, K., Characterization and rheological behavior of asphalt binder modified by a novel cyclic borate ester additive. Constr. Build. Mater. 348, 128673, 2022.
- Oruç, Ş., Yılmaz, B., Sancak, K., Effect of boron-containing additives on rheological properties of asphalt binder. Constr. Build. Mater. 17, 4, 810-824, 2016.
- Saedi, S., Oruç, Ş., The Influence of SBS, Viatop Premium and FRP on the Improvement of Stone Mastic Asphalt Performance. Fibers. 8, 4, 20, 2020.
- Aksoy, A., İskender, E., Oruç, Ş., Özen, H., SBS Polimeri ve Su Hasarı Önleyici Katkıların Asfalt Kaplamalarda Performans Karşılaştırması. Teknik Dergi. 23, 113, 5967-5986, 2012.
- Yeşilçiçek, H., Oruç, Ş., Gülfer Bozdemir, M., Characterization and rheological properties of asphalt binder with a novel tall oil-based boron additive to enhance asphalt performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 359, 129510, 2022.
- Airey, G.D., Rheological evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate polymer modified bitumens. Constr. Build. Mater. 16, 8, 473-487, 2002.
- İskender, E., Aksoy, A., Investigation of the Effects of Nanoclay/Polymer/Bitumen Nanocomposite Preparation Method on Asphalt Mixture Performance. Teknik Dergi. 32, 3, 10885-10906, 2021.
- Bulatovic, V.O., Rek, V., Markovic, K.J., Rheological properties of bitumen modified with ethylene butylacrylate glycidylmethacrylate. Polym. Eng. Sci. 54, 5, 1056-1065, 2014.
- Gama, D.A., Yan, Y., Rodrigues, J.K.G., Roque, R., Optimizing the use of reactive terpolymer, polyphosphoric acid and high-density polyethylene to achieve asphalt binders with superior performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 169, 522-529, 2018.
- Polacco, G., Stastna, J., Biondi, D., Antonelli, F., Vlachovicova, Z., Zanzotto, L., Rheology of asphalts modified with glycidylmethacrylate functionalized polymers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 280, 2, 366-73, 2004.
- Bulatovic, V.O., Rek, V., Markovic, K.J., Effect of polymer modifiers on the properties of bitumen. J. Elastom. Plast. 46, 5, 448-469, 2014.
- Kök, B.V., Yilmaz, M., Geçkil, A., Evaluation of Low-Temperature and Elastic Properties of Crumb Rubber– and SBS-Modified Bitumen and Mixtures. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25, 2, 257-265, 2013.
- Köfteci, S., Gunay, T., Ahmedzade, P., Rheological Analysis of Modified Bitumen by PVC Based Various Recycled Plastics. J. Transp. Eng. B: Pavements. 146, 4, 04020063, 2020.
- Eriskin, E., Karahancer, S., Terzi, S., Saltan, M., Waste frying oil modified bitumen usage for sustainable hot mix asphalt pavement. Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 17, 4, 863-870, 2017.
- Ahmedzade, P., Fainleib, A., Günay, T., Grigoryeva, O., Usage of Recycled Postconsumer Polypropylene in Bituminous Binder. Teknik Dergi. 27, 3, 7497-7513, 2016.
- Özdemir, A.M., Yalçın, E., Yılmaz, M., Kök, B.V., Dynamic-Mechanic Analysis and Rheological Modelling of Waste Face Mask Modified Bitumen. Turkish J. Civ. Eng. 35, 1, 2023.
- Zahoor, M., Nizamuddin, S., Madapusi, S., Giustozzi, F., Sustainable asphalt rejuvenation using waste cooking oil: A comprehensive review. J. Clean. Prod. 278, 2021.
- McGennis, R.B., Shuler, S., Bahia, H.U., Background of Superpave asphalt binder test methods, Final Report, FHWA-SA-94-069, Asphalt Institute, Federal Highway Administration Office of Technology Applications, Lexington, KN, USA, 1994.
- FHWA, The Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Procedure, TechBrief, FHWA-HIF-11-038, Office of Pavement Technology, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2011.
- AASHTO M 332, Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2023.
- Asphalt Institute, Use of the Delta Tc Parameter to Characterize Asphalt Binder Behavior, State-of-the-Knowledge, IS-240, Asphalt Institute Technical Advisory Committee, Lexington, KN, USA, 2019.
- Anderson, R.M., King, G.N., Hanson, D.I., Blankenship, P.B., Evaluation of the Relationship Between Asphalt Binder Properties and Non-Load Related Cracking. J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Techn. 80, 615-664, 2011.
- Liu, S., Cao, W., Fang, J., Shang, S., Variance analysis and performance evaluation of different crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt. Constr. Build. Mater. 23, 7, 2701-2708, 2009.
- Kumandas, A., Cavdar, E., Oruc, S., Pancar, E.B., Kok, B.V., Effect of WCO addition on high and low-temperature performance of RET modified bitumen. Constr. Build. Mater. 323, 126561, 2022.
- Domingos, M.D.I., Faxina, A.L., Accelerated short-term ageing effects on the rheological properties of modified bitumens with similar high PG grades. Road. Mater. Pavement. 16, 2, 469-480, 2015.
- Domingos, M.D.I., Faxina, A.L., Bernucci, L.L.B., Characterization of the rutting potential of modified asphalt binders and its correlation with the mixture's rut resistance. Constr. Build. Mater. 144, 207-213, 2017.
- Almusawi, A., Sengoz, B., Topal, A., Evaluation of mechanical properties of different asphalt concrete types in relation with mixing and compaction temperatures. Constr. Build. Mater. 268, 121140, 2021.
- Singh, D., Ashish, P.K., Kataware, A., Habal, A., Effects of WMA additives and hydrated lime on high-stress and high-temperature performance of Elvaloy® - and PPA-modified asphalt binder. Road. Mater. Pavement. 20, 6, 1354-1375, 2019.
- Geckil, T., Seloglu, M., Performance properties of asphalt modified with reactive terpolymer. Constr. Build. Mater. 173, 262-271, 2018.
- Hampl, R., Vacin, O., Jasso, M., Stastna, J., Zanzotto, L., Modeling of tensile creep and recovery of polymer modified asphalt binders at low temperatures. Appl. Rheol. 25, 3, 2015.
- Jasso, M., Hampl, R., Vacin, O., Bakos, D., Stastna, J., Zanzotto, L., Rheology of conventional asphalt modified with SBS, Elvaloy and polyphosphoric acid. Fuel. Process. Technol. 140, 172-179, 2015.
- Singh, D., Habal, A., Ashish, P.K., Kataware, A., Evaluating suitability of energy efficient and anti-stripping additives for polymer and Polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt binder using surface free energy approach. Constr. Build. Mater. 158, 949-960, 2018.
- ASTM D2872, Standard Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2022.
- ASTM D6521, Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2022.
- AASHTO T 315, Standard Method of Test for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2022.
- AASHTO M 320, Standard specification for performance-graded asphalt binder, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2023.
- Asphalt Institute, Guidance on the Use of the MSCR Test with the AASHTO M320 Specification, Guidance Document, Asphalt Institute Technical Advisory Committee, Lexington, KN, USA, 2010.
- AASHTO T 350, Standard Method of Test for Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2019.
- Zeiada, W., Liu, H., Ezzat, H., Al-Khateeb, G.G., Shane Underwood, B., Shanableh, A., Samarai, M., Review of the Superpave performance grading system and recent developments in the performance-based test methods for asphalt binder characterization. Constr. Build. Mater. 319, 126063, 2022.
- Anderson, R.M., Implementation of the MSCR Test and Specification, Association of Modified Asphalt Producers Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City, USA, 2016.
- Salim, R., Gundla, A., Underwood, B.S., Kaloush, K.E., Effect of MSCR Percent Recovery on Performance of Polymer Modified Asphalt Mixtures. Transp. Res. Rec. 2673, 5, 308-319, 2019.
- ASTM D6648, Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2016.
- Liu, S., Cao, W., Shang, S., Qi, H., Fang, J., Analysis and application of relationships between low-temperature rheological performance parameters of asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 24, 4, 471-478, 2010.
- Arslan, D., Gürü, M., Kürşat Çubuk, M., Performance assessment of organic-based synthetic calcium and boric acid modified bitumens. Fuel. 102, 766-772, 2012.
- Wei, C., Zhang, H., Duan, H., Effect of catalytic-reactive rejuvenator on structure and properties of aged SBS modified asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 246, 118531, 2020.
- Li, J., Xiao, F., Amirkhanian, S.N., Storage, fatigue and low temperature characteristics of plasma treated rubberized binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 209, 454-462, 2019.
- Wang, W., Luo, R., Yan, G., Wang, L., Evaluation on moisture sensitivity induced by dynamic pore water pressure for asphalt mixture and its components using the bending beam rheometer method. Constr. Build. Mater. 251, 118942, 2020.
- Xu, N., Wang, H., Chen, Y., Miljković, M., Feng, P., Ding, H., Thermal storage stability and rheological properties of multi-component styrene-butadiene-styrene composite modified bitumen. Constr. Build. Mater. 322, 126494, 2022.
- Blankenship, P., Anderson, R.M., King, G.N., Hanson, D.I., A Laboratory and Field Investigation to Develop Test Procedures for Predicting Non-Load Associated Cracking of Airfield HMA Pavements, Final Report, 09-119-00948, Airfield Asphalt Pavement Technology (AAPT) Program, Tempe, AZ, USA, 2010.
- McDaniel, R.S., Shah, A., Investigation of delta Tc for implementation in Indiana, Final Report, FHWA/IN/JTRP-2019/14, Joint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA, 2019.
- AASHTO PP 78, Standard Practice for Design Considerations When Using Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS) in Asphalt Mixtures, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA, 2017.
- Domingos, M.D.I., Faxina, A.L., Rheological analysis of asphalt binders modified with Elvaloy terpolymer and polyphosphoric acid on the multiple stress creep and recovery test. Mater. Struct. 48, 5, 1405-1416, 2015.
- Niu, D., Xie, X., Zhang, Z., Niu, Y., Yang, Z., Influence of binary waste mixtures on road performance of asphalt and asphalt mixture. J. Clean. Prod. 298, 126842, 2021.
- Liu, K., Zhang, K., Wu, J., Muhunthan, B., Shi, X., Evaluation of mechanical performance and modification mechanism of asphalt modified with graphene oxide and warm mix additives. J. Clean. Prod. 193, 87-96, 2018.
- Saboo, N., Sukhija, M., Singh, G., Effect of Nanoclay on Physical and Rheological Properties of Waste Cooking Oil–Modified Asphalt Binder. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 33, 3, 04020490, 2021.
- Bessa, I.S., Takahashi, M.M., Vasconcelos, K.L., Bernucci, L.L.B., Characterization of neat and modified asphalt binders and mixtures in relation to permanent deformation. Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater. 26, 1, 379-387, 2019.
- Kök, B.V., Erkuş, Y., Yilmaz, M., Evaluation of the Cohesive Properties of SBS-Modified Binders at Low Temperatures. Slovak J. Civ. Eng. 29, 1, 27-34, 2021.
- Kluttz, R.Q., Prepared discussion on relationships between mixture fatigue performance and asphalt binder properties. J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Techn. 88, 108-112, 2019.
- Kaşak, S., Orhan, F., Eribol, S., Güngör, A.G., Yeni Bitüm Standardı, 4. Ulusal Asfalt Sempozyumu, Ankara, Türkiye, 2004.
- Kaya, M., Çelik, O.N., Türkiye Coğrafi Bölgeleri için Performans Dereceli Bitümlü Bağlayıcı Sınıflarının Belirlenmesi, 5. Ulusal Asfalt Sempozyumu, Ankara, Türkiye, 2009.