Investigation of Rheological and Physical Properties of SBS and WCO Composite Modified Bitumen

Year 2024, Volume: 35 Issue: 6, 1 - 18, 01.11.2024

Erman Çavdar , Aytuğ Kumandaş , Neslihan Şahan , Ersoy Kabadayı , Şeref Oruç

https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1393363

Abstract

Nowadays, the use of waste materials in various industries is becoming widespread in order to promote waste recycling. Thus, scientists are researching the use of waste materials in bitumen modification. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of waste cooking oil (WCO) on the physical and rheological properties of unaged Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene modified bitumen (SBSMB) by adding WCO at different ratios (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) to SBS modified bitumen. Accordingly, rotational viscosity (RV) tests and rheological tests with dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) based on the determination of complex shear modulus (|G*|) and phase angle (δ) were conducted along with the traditional bitumen tests. As a result of the experimental study, it was observed that adding WCO increased the workability and fatigue resistance of SBSMB, however, decreased its rutting resistance. Therefore, the mixing and compaction temperatures of SBSMB can be decreased by adding low amounts of WCO without excessive performance loss. Thus, during the construction of asphalt pavements, environmental damage can be reduced by utilizing waste materials and reducing CO2 emissions.

Keywords

Styrene-butadiene-styrene, polymer modified bitumen, waste cooking oil, workability, rheology

References

• Rongali, U.D., Swamy, A.K., Jain, P.K., Effect of SBS and HDPH polymer on rheological properties of asphalt. Pet. Sci. Technol. 34, 21, 1790-1796, 2016.
• Babagoli, R., Mohammadi, R., Ameri, M., The rheological behavior of bitumen and moisture susceptibility modified with SBS and nanoclay. Pet. Sci. Technol. 35, 11, 1085-1090, 2017.
• Nejad, F.M., Shahabi, M., Rahi, M., Hajikarimi, P., Kazemifard, S., An investigation on the effect of SBS+Vacuum bottoms residue modification on rheological characteristics of asphalt binder. Pet. Sci. Technol. 35, 22, 2115-2120, 2017.
• Xu, S., Huang, W., Cai, F., Huang, H., Hu, C., Evaluation of properties of Trinidad Lake Asphalt and SBS-modified petroleum asphalt. Pet. Sci. Technol. 37, 2, 234-241, 2019.
• Rezaei, S., Ziari, H., Nowbakht, S., Low temperature functional analysis of bitumen modified with composite of nano-SiO2 and styrene butadiene styrene polymer. Pet. Sci. Technol. 34, 5, 415-421, 2016.
• Gao, Z., Fu, H., Chen, Q., Cao, Y., Rheological properties and viscosity reduction mechanism of SBS warm-mix modified asphalt. Pet. Sci. Technol. 38, 6, 556-564, 2020.
• Yılmaz, M., Kök, B.V., Stiren-Butadien-Stiren Modifiyeli Bitümlü Bağlayıcıların Superpave Sistemine Göre Yüksek Sıcaklık Performans Seviyesinin ve İşlenebilirliğinin Belirlenmesi. J. Fac. Eng. Archit. Gazi Univ. 23, 4, 811-819, 2008.
• Shang, L.N., Wang, S.F., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Pyrolyzed wax from recycled cross-linked polyethylene as warm mix asphalt (WMA) additive for SBS modified asphalt. Constr. Build. Mater. 25, 2, 886-891, 2011.
• Kataware, A.V., Singh, D., Evaluating effectiveness of WMA additives for SBS modified binder based on viscosity, Superpave PG, rutting and fatigue performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 146, 436-444, 2017.
• Azahar, W.N.A.W., Jaya, R.P., Hainin, M.R., Bujang, M., Ngadi, N., Chemical modification of waste cooking oil to improve the physical and rheological properties of asphalt binder. Constr. Build. Mater. 126, 218-226, 2016.
• Yan, K., Liu, W., You, L., Ou, J., Zhang, M., Evaluation of waste cooling oil and European Rock Asphalt modified asphalt with laboratory tests and economic cost comparison. J. Clean. Prod. 310, 127364, 2021.
• Al-Omari, A.A., Khedaywi, T.S., Khasawneh, M.A., Laboratory characterization of asphalt binders modified with waste vegetable oil using SuperPave specifications. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 11, 1, 68-76, 2018.
• Elahi, Z., Mohd Jakarni, F., Muniandy, R., Hassim, S., Ab Razak, M.S., Ansari, A.H., Ben Zair, M.M., Waste Cooking Oil as a Sustainable Bio Modifier for Asphalt Modification: A Review. Sustainability. 13, 20, 11506, 2021.
• Ahmed, R.B., Hossain, K., Waste cooking oil as an asphalt rejuvenator: A state-of-the-art review. Constr. Build. Mater. 230, 116985, 2020.
• Rahman, M.T., Hainin, M.R., Abu Bakar, W.A.W., Use of waste cooking oil, tire rubber powder and palm oil fuel ash in partial replacement of bitumen. Constr. Build. Mater. 150, 95-104, 2017.
• Babagoli, R., Ameli, A., Influence of Soybean Oil on Binder and Warm Mixture Asphalt Properties. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2021, 6860878, 2021.
• Sun, Z., Yi, J., Huang, Y., Feng, D., Guo, C., Properties of asphalt binder modified by bio-oil derived from waste cooking oil. Constr. Build. Mater. 102, 496-504, 2016.
• Eriskin, E., Karahancer, S., Terzi, S., Saltan, M., Waste frying oil modified bitumen usage for sustainable hot mix asphalt pavement. Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 17, 4, 863-870, 2017.
• Dong, R., Zhao, M., Tang, N., Characterization of crumb tire rubber lightly pyrolyzed in waste cooking oil and the properties of its modified bitumen. Constr. Build. Mater. 195, 10-18, 2019.
• Zhao, X., Lu, Z., Su, H., Le, Q., Zhang, B., Wang, W., Effect of Sasobit/Waste Cooking Oil Composite on the Physical, Rheological, and Aging Properties of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber (SBR)-Modified Bitumen Binders. Mater. 16, 23, 7368, 2023.
• Li, H., Dong, B., Wang, W., Zhao, G., Guo, P., Ma, Q., Effect of Waste Engine Oil and Waste Cooking Oil on Performance Improvement of Aged Asphalt. Appl. Sci. 9, 9, 1767, 2019.
• Li, H., Zhang, F., Feng, Z., Li, W., Zou, X., Study on waste engine oil and waste cooking oil on performance improvement of aged asphalt and application in reclaimed asphalt mixture. Constr. Build. Mater. 276, 122138, 2021.
• Chen, M.Z., Leng, B.B., Wu, S.P., Sang, Y., Physical, chemical and rheological properties of waste edible vegetable oil rejuvenated asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 66, 286-298, 2014.
• Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Zhu, C., Effect of different rejuvenators on the properties of aged SBS modified asphalt. Pet. Sci. Technol. 35, 1, 72-78, 2017.
• Mollamohammadi, A., Hesami, S., Evaluation of the Effect of WCO/SBS-Modified RAB and RAP and Stiffness Recovery Procedure on Fatigue Performance of HMA. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 35, 2, 04022399, 2023.
• Nie, X., Li, Z., Yao, H., Hou, T., Zhou, X., Li, C., Waste bio-oil as a compatibilizer for high content SBS modified asphalt. Pet. Sci. Technol. 38, 4, 316-322, 2020.
• Plewa, A., Asphalt Mixtures with Binders Fluidized by Addition of Vegetable Origin Oil for Applications as Flexible Anti-Crack Layers. Roads Bridges. 18, 3, 181-192, 2019.
• Cong, P., Chen, B., Zhao, H., Coupling effects of wasted cooking oil and antioxidant on aging of asphalt binders. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 13, 1, 64-74, 2020.
• Wang, C., Xue, L., Xie, W., You, Z., Yang, X., Laboratory investigation on chemical and rheological properties of bio-asphalt binders incorporating waste cooking oil. Constr. Build. Mater. 167, 348-358, 2018.
• Sun, Z., Yi, J., Chen, Z., Xie, S., Xu, M., Feng, D., Chemical and rheological properties of polymer modified bitumen incorporating bio-oil derived from waste cooking oil. Mater. Struct. 52, 5, 106, 2019.
• Liu, S., Meng, H., Xu, Y., Zhou, S., Evaluation of rheological characteristics of asphalt modified with waste engine oil (WEO). Pet. Sci. Technol. 36, 6, 475-480, 2018.
• Liu, S., Peng, A., Wu, J., Zhou, S.B., Waste engine oil influences on chemical and rheological properties of different asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 191, 1210-1220, 2018.
• Liu, S., Peng, A., Zhou, S., Wu, J., Xuan, W., Liu, W., Evaluation of the ageing behaviour of waste engine oil-modified asphalt binders. Constr. Build. Mater. 223, 394-408, 2019.
• Luo, W.H., Zhang, Y.H., Cong, P.L., Investigation on physical and high temperature rheology properties of asphalt binder adding waste oil and polymers. Constr. Build. Mater. 144, 13-24, 2017.
• Liu, S., Zhou, S., Peng, A., Li, W., Investigation of physiochemical and rheological properties of waste cooking oil/SBS/EVA composite modified petroleum asphalt. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 137, 26, 48828, 2020.
• KGM. Highway Technical Specifications. General Directorate of Highways, Ankara, Türkiye, 2023.
• TS EN 1426. Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of needle penetration. Turkish Standards Institution (TSI), Ankara, Türkiye, 2015.
• TS EN 1427. Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the softening point - Ring and Ball method. Turkish Standards Institution (TSI), Ankara, Türkiye, 2015.
• TS EN 13589. Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the tensile properties of modified bitumen by the force ductility method. Turkish Standards Institution (TSI), Ankara, Türkiye, 2018.
• TS EN 15326+A1. Bitumen and bituminous binders - Measurement of density and specific gravity - Capillary-stoppered pyknometer method. Turkish Standards Institution (TSI), Ankara, Türkiye, 2010.
• TS EN ISO 2592. Petroleum and related products - Determination of flash and fire points - Cleveland open cup method. Turkish Standards Institution (TSI), Ankara, Türkiye, 2017.
• TS EN 12607-1. Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of the resistance to hardening under influence of heat and air - Part 1: RTFOT method. Turkish Standards Institution (TSI), Ankara, Türkiye, 2015.
• ASTM D4402. Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015.
• TS EN 1097-6. Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption. Turkish Standards Institution (TSI), Ankara, Türkiye, 2022.
• TS EN 1097-8. Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value. Turkish Standards Institution (TSI), Ankara, Türkiye, 2020.
• ASTM D5. Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020.
• ASTM D36-14. Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020.
• ASTM D113. Standard Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
• ASTM D2872. Standard Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019.
• ASTM D6521. Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019.
• Karahancer, S., Effect of aluminum oxide nano particle on modified bitumen and hot mix asphalt. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 38, 13, 773-784, 2020.
• ASTM D7175. Standard Test Method for Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015.
• ASTM D6373. Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2021.
• Kumandas, A., Cavdar, E., Oruc, S., Pancar, E.B., Kok, B.V., Effect of WCO addition on high and low-temperature performance of RET modified bitumen. Constr. Build. Mater. 323, 126561, 2022.