Multifunctional Proteins: Moonlight Proteins

Year 2020, , 80 - 88, 26.02.2020

Birşen Bilgici , Sebati Sinan Ürkmez , Yeşim Civil

https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.542346

Abstract

In recent years, the knowledge that many proteins have
more than one function has begun to take the place of one gene – one protein -
one function idea. Moonlight proteins are a subclass of multi-functional
proteins. The concept of moonlight protein describes the ability of a single
polypeptide chain to carry through multiple biochemical functions. Today more
than 300 moonlight proteins have been identified. However, the data indicate
that there may be more moonlight proteins. Known examples of moonlight proteins
include a variety of protein types including receptors, enzymes, transcription
factors, adhesins, and scaffold proteins. A moonlight protein can activate the
second function in different cell types, at different intracellular locations,
at different oligomeric states, or depending on changes in concentration of a
ligand, substrate, cofactor or a reaction product. However, these mechanisms
are non-specific and the mechanism of transition between functions may use one
of them or their combination. Moonlight proteins have been suggested to be
associated with disease phenotypes such as neurodegenerative diseases and
cancer. Moonlight proteins bring some difficulties to treatment processes by
taking place in pathogenesis of diseases but also offer opportunities as a
potential treatment target and treatment tool. In
this review, we aimed to contribute to our current basic and biochemical
knowledge by discussing the biochemical, physiological and pathological
features of the present moonlight proteins and their relationships with
diseases.

Keywords

Moonlight proteins, multifunctional proteins, protein function, metabolic coordination, additional novel functions

Çok işlevli Proteinler: Moonlight Proteinler

Abstract

Son
yıllarda birçok proteinin birden fazla fonksiyona sahip olduğu bilgisi, bir gen
- bir protein - bir fonksiyon fikrinin yerini almaya başlamıştır. Moonlight
proteinler çok fonksiyonlu proteinlerin bir alt sınıfıdır. Moonlight protein
kavramı, tek bir polipeptid zincirinin çoklu biyokimyasal fonksiyonları yerine
getirmesini tanımlamaktadır. Bugün 300'den fazla moonlight proteini
tanımlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, veriler daha fazla moonlight proteini olabileceğini
göstermektedir. Moonlight proteinlerin bilinen örnekleri arasında, reseptörler,
enzimler, transkripsiyon faktörleri, adhezinler ve hücre iskeleti de dahil
olmak üzere çeşitli protein türleri bulunmaktadır. Bir moonlight protein,
farklı hücre tiplerinde, farklı hücre içi lokasyonlarda, farklı oligomerik
durumlarda bulunarak veya bir ligandın, substratın, kofaktörün ya da ürünün
konsantrasyonundaki değişikliklere bağlı olarak ikinci fonksiyonunu
aktifleştirebilmektedir. Ancak bu mekanizmalar, özgül değildir ve fonksiyonlar
arasındaki geçişlerde bu yollardan birini ya da bunların bir kombinasyonunu
kullanabilmektedir. Moonlight proteinlerin, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar ve
kanser gibi hastalık fenotipleri ile ilişkili olabileceği öne sürülmektedir. Bunun
yanısıra hastalık patogenezlerinde yer alarak tedavi süreçlerine bir takım
zorluklar getirmekle birlikte potansiyel bir tedavi hedefi ve tedavi aracı
olarak da fırsatlar sunmaktadır.  Biz bu
derlemede, başlıca insanlardaki mevcut moonlight proteinlerin biyokimyasal,
fizyolojik ve patolojik özelliklerini ve hastalıklarla ilişkilerini tartışarak
mevcut temel ve biyokimyasal bilgilerimize katkıda bulunmayı amaçladık.

Keywords

Moonlight proteinler, çok işlevli proteinler, protein fonksiyonu, metabolik düzenlenme

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