Pediatric urinary infections

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 66 - 69, 29.03.2018

Ayşegül Alpcan , Serkan Tursun , Banu Çelikel Acar

https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.300336

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Urinary
tract infections are very common in children. The most common pathogens
isolated in urinary tract infections are Escherichia coli.  The
incidence of Urinary tract infections  in children 4-8 %
in girls and 1-2 % in boys. Urinary tract infections in children is of concern because it can be associated
with  urosepsis, renal scarring,
hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiency. In this review
we aim to describe the diagnosis and management of acute and recurrent urinary
tract infections in the pediatric population.

Keywords

Urinary tract infection, diagnosis, management

Çocuklarda idrar yolu enfeksiyonları

Abstract

İdrar
yolu enfeksiyonları çocuklarda oldukça sık görülmektedir. En sık izole edilen
ajan Escherichia Coli’dir. İnsisdansı kız çocuklarda % 4-8 iken erkeklerde %1-2’dir.
Çocuklarda ürosepsis, renal hasar, hipertansiyon, kronik renal yetmezlik ile
ilişkili olması sebebiyle endişe vericidir. Bu derlemede çocukluk çağı akut ve
kronik idrar yolu enfeksiyonunun tedavisini ve izlemi anlatılması
amaçlanmıştır. 

Keywords

İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu, teşhis, tedavi

References

• 1. Bachur R, Harper MB. Reliability of the urinalysis for predicting urinary tract infections in young febrile children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001; 155: 60–65.
• 2. Byington CL, Rittichier KK, Bassett KE, Castillo H, Glasgow TS, Daly J, Pavia AT. Serious bacterial infections in febrile infants younger than 90 days of age: the importance of ampicillin resistantpathogens. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 964–68.
• 3. Spencer JD, Schwaderer A, McHugh K, Hains DS. Pediatric urinary tract infections: an analysis of hospitalizations, charges, andcosts in the USA. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25: 2469–75
• 4. American Academy of Pediatrics. The diagnosis ,treatment and evaluation of the initial urinary tract infection febrile infants and youngchildren. Pediatrics 1999; 103: 843-52.
• 5. Miyazaki Y, Ichikawa I. Ontogeny of congenitalanomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, CAKUT Pediatr Int. 2003; 45: 598–604.
• 6. The RIVUR Trial Investigators. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for children with vesicoureteral reflux. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 2367–76
• 7. Conway PH, Cnaan A, Zaoutis T et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections in children: risk factors and association with prophylactic antimicrobials. JAMA 2007; 298: 179–86
• 8. Harmsen M, Wensing M, Braspenning JCC et al. Management of children’surinarytractinfections in Dutchfamilypractice: a cohortstudy. BMC Fam Pract 2007; 8: 9
• 9. Chowdhury P, Sacks SH, Sheerin NS. Minireview: functions of the renal tract epithelium in coordinating the innate immuneresponse to infection. Kidney Int 2004; 66: 1334–44.
• 10. Mulvey MA, Schilling JD, Martinez JJ, Hultgren SJ. Bad bugs and beleaguered bladders: interplay between uropathogenic Escherichia coli and innate host defenses. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2000; 97: 8829–35.
• 11. Chakupurakal R, Ahmed M, Sobithadevi DN, Chinnappan S, Reynolds T. Urinary tract pathogens and resistance pattern. J Clin Pathol 2010; 63: 652-54.
• 12. Lutter SA, Currie ML, Mitz LB, Greenbaum LA. Antibiotic resistance patterns in children hospitalized for urinary tract infections. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005; 159: 924-28
• 13. Edlin RS, Shapiro DJ, Hersh AL, Copp HL. Antibiotic resistance patterns of out patient paediatric urinary tract infections. J Urol 2013; 190: 222–27.
• 14. Becknell B, Schober M, Korbel L, Spencer JD. Thediagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and recurrent pediatric urinary tract infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13: 81-90
• 15. Donna J. Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection. Updated: Aug 01, 2016 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/969643-overview#a5
• 16. Bitsori M, Galanakis E. Pediatric urinary tract infections: diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 10: 1153–64.
• 17. Tanaka ST, Brock JW 3rd. Pediatric urologic conditions, including urinary infections. Med Clin North Am 2011; 95: 1–13
• 18. Bhat RG, Katy TA, Place FC. Pediatric urinary tract infections. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2011; 29: 637–53
• 19. Afzal N, Qadir M, Qureshi S, Ali R, Ahmed S, Ahmad K. Urinary tract infection presenting as jaundice in neonates. J Pak Med Assoc 2012; 62: 735–37.
• 20. Pashapour N, Nikibahksh AA, Golmohammadlou S. Urinary tract infection in term neonates with prolonged jaundice. Urol J 2007; 4: 91-94
• 21. Roberts KB. Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics 2011; 128: 595–610
• 22. Chang SL, Shortliffe LD. Pediatric urinary tract infections. Pediatr Clin North Am 2006; 53: 379–400.
• 23. Hanson LA. Esch. Coli infections in childhood. Significance of bacterial virulence and immune defence. Arch Dis Child 1976; 51: 737–43
• 24. Conway PH, Cnaan A, Zaoutis T, Henry BV, Grundmeier RW, Keren R. Recurrent urinary tract infections in children: risk factors and association with prophylactic antimicrobials. JAMA 2007; 298: 179–86.
• 25. Circumcision Policy Statement. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics 1999; 103: 686-93
• 26. Shaikh N, Morone NE, Bost JE, Farrell MH. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008; 27: 302-8
• 27. Kayaba H, Tamuta H, Kitajima S, Fujiwara Y, Kato T. Analysis of shape and retractibility of the prepuce in 603 Japanese boys. J Urol 1996; 156: 1813-15.
• 28. Romańczuk W, Korczawski R. Chronicconstipation: a cause of recurrent urinary tract infections. Turk J Pediatr 1993; 35: 181-88.
• 29. Hansson S, Jodal ULF. Urinary tract infection. In: Barratt TM, Avner ED, Harmon WE (eds). Pediatric Nephrology. Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, Baltimore 1999; 835–50.
• 30. NICE Clinical Guidelines (2007). Urinary tract infection in children: Diagnosis, treatment and long-term management. Retrieved May 23, 2014, from http://publications.nice.org.uk/urinary-tract-infection-in-children-cg54.
• 31. McTaggart S, Danchin M, Ditchfield M at all. KHA-CARI guideline: Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in children. Nephrology 2015; 20: 55-60.
• 32. Tekgül S, Riedmiller H, Hoebeke P, Kočvara R, Nijman RJ, Radmayr C, Stein R, Dogan HS; European Association of Urology. EAU guidelines on vesicoureteral reflux in children. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 534-42.
• 33. McDonald A, Scranton M, Gillespie R, Mahajan V, Edwards GA. Voiding cystourethrograms and urinary tract infections: how long to wait? Pediatrics 2000; 105: 50.
• 34. Mahant S, To T, Friedman J. Timing of voiding cystourethrogram in the investigation of urinary tract infections in children. J Pediatr 2001; 139: 568-71