Clinicoepidemiologic profile of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and Its Relationship with Systemic Diseases

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 207 - 214, 30.06.2022

Hülya Cenk , Şule Subaşı Gökşin , Işıl Göğem İmren

https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.1075856

Abstract

Aim: Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease with cutaneous and systemic forms. Discoid lupus erythematosus
(DLE) is the most common type of cutaneous LE. The majority of DLE lesions are localized in the sun-exposed areas.
DLE patients may progress to systemic LE (SLE) with a range of 5-30%. Therefore, patients with DLE should be monitored
carefully in terms of SLE findings.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients with DLE aged above 18 years were included in the study, between the
years of 2004 and 2020. Demographic data, accompanying diseases, and blood values were recorded. Pregnant women
were not included in the study.
Data were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 program. Pearson's chi-square test (and Fischer's exact test when relevant) was used
for the analysis of categorical variables, and independent sample T-test for quantitative variables.
Results: The study included 23 women (34.3%) and 44 men (65.7%) with a mean age of 41.94±13.85 years. We found that
antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity, speckled patern ANA, SS-A positivity, and a history of autoimmune disease were
significantly related to SLE progression (p:0,024; 0,007; 0,000; 0,021, respectively).
Conclusion: Generalized lesions, ANA positivity, joint pain, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased
sedimentation rates are considered to be indicative of SLE progression. We found that a history of autoimmune disease, ANA
(especially speckled pattern) positivity, and SS-A positivity may be related to SLE progression. We think that being aware of
the predictive features for the SLE progression will enable determining risky patients and monitoring them closely.

Keywords

discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, DLE, SLE, sytstemic disease

Diskoid Lupus Eritematozus Hastalarının Klinikoepidemiyolojik Profili ve Sistemik Hastalıklarla İlişkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Lupus eritematozus (LE), kütanöz ve sistemik tipleri olan otoimmun bir hastalıktır. Diskoid LE (DLE), en sık görülen
kutanöz formudur. DLE lezyonlarının çoğu güneş gören yerlerde lokalizedir.
DLE hastalarının %5-30’u sistemik LE (SLE)’ye ilerleyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, DLE hastaları SLE bulguları açısından
dikkatlice değerlendirilmelidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 2004-2020 yılları arasında, 18 yaş üzeri 67 DLE hastası dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik
bilgileri, eşlik eden hastalıkları ve kan değerleri kaydedildi. Hamileler çalışma dışında bırakıldı.
Veriler SPSS 25.0 programıyla analiz edildi. Kategorik veriler, Pearson ki-kare testi (gerektiğinde Fischer’ın kesin testi),
kantitatif veriler bağımsız T-testi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmada, yaş ortalamaları 41.94±13.85 olan 23 kadın (34.3%), 44 erkek (65.7%) hasta bulunmaktaydı. ANA
pozitifliği, benekli tarzda ANA pozitifliği, SS-A pozitifliği ve otoimmun hastalık öyküsünün anlamlı bir şekilde SLE’ye
ilerleme ile ilişkili olduğu görüldü (sırasıyla p:0,024; 0,007; 0,000; 0,021).
Sonuç: Generalize lezyonlar, ANA pozitifliği, eklem ağrısı, anemi, lökopeni, trombositopeni ve artmış sedimentasyon hızı
gibi bulguların SLE’ye ilerleyen hastaların tespitinde yardımcı rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmamızda otoimmun
hastalık öyküsü, ANA (özellikle benekli tipte) ve SS-A pozitifliğinin SLE’ye ilerleme ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir.
SLE’ye ilerleme konusunda dikkat edilmesi gereken özelliklerin bilinmesiyle, riskli hastaların tespiti ve yakın takibinin
sağlanabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Keywords

diskoid lupus eritematozus, sistemik lupus eritematozus, DLE, SLE, SLE’ye ilerleme, sistemik hastalık

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