The three years’ experience of long and very long chain fatty acid analysis
Year 2024,
Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 358 - 363, 30.09.2024
Gamze Gök
,
Ceylan Bal
,
Emiş Deniz Akbulut
,
Andaç Uzdoğan
,
Gulsen Yilmaz
,
Özcan Erel
Abstract
Aim: Cellular lipids, such as cholesterol esters, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids contain Fatty acids (FAs). FAs take place in many living structures and FAs are useable for diagnosing and examining some diseases. FAs including 22 or more carbon atoms are defined as very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). This study aimed to evaluate Ankara Bilkent City Hospital’s results of VLCFA analysis data and present contributions to the literature.
Material and Methods: The present study involved a total of 5973 C22:0, 5973 C24:0, 5973 C26:0, 5664 phytanic acid, and 5658 pristanic acid analysis results, and 5973 C24/C22 and, 5658 C26/C22 ratios. The VLCFA analysis was performed by the SHIMADZU Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) QP2010 SE system with the Eureka and the Obikrom kits. The analysis results between 01/01/2020 and 31/12/2022 in Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Biochemistry Laboratory were involved.
Results: The positive results were as follows; 207 (%3.5) for C22:0, 149 (%2.5) for C24:0, 340 (%5.7) for C24:0/C22:0 ratio, 111 (%1.9) for C26:0, 158 (%2.9) for C26:0/C22:0 ratio, 89 (%1.6) for Phytanic Acid, and 8 (%0.1) for Pristanic Acid. The male group had a higher number of positive results for C22:0 (p<0.019) and C24:0/C22:0 ratio (p<0.001). The pediatric group had a higher number of positive results for C26:0/C22:0 (p=0.032).
Conclusion: We shared our three-year LCFA and VLCFA analysis experience with this study. We also evaluated the analysis results according to gender and age groups. The present study may be helpful for future investigations.
References
- Kyselová, L., M. Vítová, and T. Řezanka, Very long chain fatty acids. Progress in Lipid Research, 2022: p. 101180.
- Marten, B., M. Pfeuffer, and J. Schrezenmeir, Medium-chain triglycerides. International Dairy Journal, 2006. 16(11): p. 1374-1382.
- Kihara, A., Very long-chain fatty acids: elongation, physiology and related disorders. The journal of biochemistry, 2012. 152(5): p. 387-395.
- Erdbrügger, P. and F. Fröhlich, The role of very long chain fatty acids in yeast physiology and human diseases. Biological chemistry, 2020. 402(1): p. 25-38.
- Sassa, T. and A. Kihara, Metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids: genes and pathophysiology. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 2014. 22(2): p. 83.
- Poirier, Y., et al., Peroxisomal β-oxidation—a metabolic pathway with multiple functions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 2006. 1763(12): p. 1413-1426.
- Masters, C.J. and D.I. Crane, On the role of the peroxisome in ontogeny, ageing and degenerative disease. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 1995. 80(2): p. 69-83.
- De Carvalho, C.C. and M.J. Caramujo, The various roles of fatty acids. Molecules, 2018. 23(10): p. 2583.
- Moser, H.W. and A.B. Moser, Very long‐chain fatty acids in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy of peroxisomal disorders. Lipids, 1996. 31(1Part2): p. S141-S144.
- Baumgartner, M.R. and J.M. Saudubray. Peroxisomal disorders. in Seminars in neonatology. 2002. Elsevier.
- Kumar, R. and O. De Jesus, Refsum disease. 2020.
- OKUR, İ., Peroksizomal Bozukluklar. 2017.
- Rattay, T.W., et al., Defining diagnostic cutoffs in neurological patients for serum very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in genetically confirmed X-Adrenoleukodystrophy. Scientific reports, 2020. 10(1): p. 15093.
- Chaudhry, V., H.W. Moser, and D.R. Cornblath, Nerve conduction studies in adrenomyeloneuropathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 1996. 61(2): p. 181-185.
- Song, J., et al., HIF-1α: CRAT: miR-144-3p axis dysregulation promotes osteoarthritis chondrocyte apoptosis and VLCFA accumulation. Oncotarget, 2017. 8(41): p. 69351.
- Chu, Q., et al., Stearate‐derived very long‐chain fatty acids are indispensable to tumor growth. The EMBO journal, 2023. 42(2): p. e111268.
- Nwagbo, U. and P.S. Bernstein, Understanding the roles of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) in eye health. Nutrients, 2023. 15(14): p. 3096.
The three years’ experience of long and very long chain fatty acid analysis
Year 2024,
Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 358 - 363, 30.09.2024
Gamze Gök
,
Ceylan Bal
,
Emiş Deniz Akbulut
,
Andaç Uzdoğan
,
Gulsen Yilmaz
,
Özcan Erel
Abstract
Amaç: Kolesterol esterleri, sfingolipidler ve gliserolipitler gibi hücresel lipitler, Yağ asitleri (YA) içerir. YA'lar birçok canlı yapıda yer almakta ve YA'lar bazı hastalıkların teşhisinde ve incelenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. 22 veya daha fazla karbon atomu içeren YA'lar çok uzun zincirli yağ asitleri (ÇUZYA'lar) olarak tanımlanır. Bu çalışmada Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi'nin ÇUZYA analiz verilerinin sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi ve literatüre katkı sunulması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya toplam 5973 C22:0, 5973 C24:0, 5973 C26:0, 5664 fitanik asit ve 5658 pristanik asit analiz sonucu ile 5973 C24/C22 ve 5658 C26/C22 oranları dahil edildi. VLCFA analizi, Eureka ve Obikrom kitleri ile SHIMADZU Gaz Kromatograf Kütle Spektrometresi (GCMS) QP2010 SE sisteminde gerçekleştirildi. Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi Biyokimya Laboratuvarında 01/01/2020 ile 31/12/2022 tarihleri arasında yapılan analiz sonuçları dahil edildi.
Bulgular: Pozitif sonuçlar; C22:0 için 207 (%3.5), C24:0 için 149 (%2.5), C24:0/C22:0 oranı için 340 (%5.7), C26:0 için 111 (%1.9), 158 (%2.9) C26:0/C22:0 oranı için, Fitanik Asit için 89 (%1.6) ve Pristanik Asit için 8 (%0.1) idi. Erkek grupta C22:0 (p<0,019) ve C24:0/C22:0 oranı (p<0,001) açısından daha yüksek sayıda pozitif sonuç elde edildi. Pediatrik grupta C26:0/C22:0 için daha yüksek sayıda pozitif sonuç vardı (p=0,032).
Sonuç: Üç yıllık UZYA ve ÇUZYA analiz deneyimimizi bu çalışmayla paylaştık. Analiz sonuçlarını cinsiyet ve yaş gruplarına göre de değerlendirdik. Bu çalışma gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalara yardımcı olabilir.
Thanks
The corresponding author would like to thank Esme, Ayşe, Elif, and Nilgün… The greatest team of the analytical laboratory…
References
- Kyselová, L., M. Vítová, and T. Řezanka, Very long chain fatty acids. Progress in Lipid Research, 2022: p. 101180.
- Marten, B., M. Pfeuffer, and J. Schrezenmeir, Medium-chain triglycerides. International Dairy Journal, 2006. 16(11): p. 1374-1382.
- Kihara, A., Very long-chain fatty acids: elongation, physiology and related disorders. The journal of biochemistry, 2012. 152(5): p. 387-395.
- Erdbrügger, P. and F. Fröhlich, The role of very long chain fatty acids in yeast physiology and human diseases. Biological chemistry, 2020. 402(1): p. 25-38.
- Sassa, T. and A. Kihara, Metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids: genes and pathophysiology. Biomolecules & therapeutics, 2014. 22(2): p. 83.
- Poirier, Y., et al., Peroxisomal β-oxidation—a metabolic pathway with multiple functions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 2006. 1763(12): p. 1413-1426.
- Masters, C.J. and D.I. Crane, On the role of the peroxisome in ontogeny, ageing and degenerative disease. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 1995. 80(2): p. 69-83.
- De Carvalho, C.C. and M.J. Caramujo, The various roles of fatty acids. Molecules, 2018. 23(10): p. 2583.
- Moser, H.W. and A.B. Moser, Very long‐chain fatty acids in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy of peroxisomal disorders. Lipids, 1996. 31(1Part2): p. S141-S144.
- Baumgartner, M.R. and J.M. Saudubray. Peroxisomal disorders. in Seminars in neonatology. 2002. Elsevier.
- Kumar, R. and O. De Jesus, Refsum disease. 2020.
- OKUR, İ., Peroksizomal Bozukluklar. 2017.
- Rattay, T.W., et al., Defining diagnostic cutoffs in neurological patients for serum very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in genetically confirmed X-Adrenoleukodystrophy. Scientific reports, 2020. 10(1): p. 15093.
- Chaudhry, V., H.W. Moser, and D.R. Cornblath, Nerve conduction studies in adrenomyeloneuropathy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 1996. 61(2): p. 181-185.
- Song, J., et al., HIF-1α: CRAT: miR-144-3p axis dysregulation promotes osteoarthritis chondrocyte apoptosis and VLCFA accumulation. Oncotarget, 2017. 8(41): p. 69351.
- Chu, Q., et al., Stearate‐derived very long‐chain fatty acids are indispensable to tumor growth. The EMBO journal, 2023. 42(2): p. e111268.
- Nwagbo, U. and P.S. Bernstein, Understanding the roles of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) in eye health. Nutrients, 2023. 15(14): p. 3096.