Su itici maddeler ile kombine edilmiş bakırlı ve borlu bileşiklerin yıkanma özellikleri

Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 261 - 266, 30.09.2019

Ahmet Can , Hüseyin Sivrikaya

https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.561048

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, odun koruma endüstrisinde yoğun olarak kullanılan alkali/bakır/kuat (ACQ) ve borik asit (BA) emprenye maddelerinin yıkanma performansları araştırılmıştır. ACQ ve BA maddelerine referans madde olarak mikronize bakır kuat (MCQ) ve nano bor (NB) eklenmiştir. Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) odun örnekleri; %2,4 konsantrasyonda ACQ, %4 konsantrasyonda BA ve %1 konsantrasyonda MCQ ve NB ile dolu hücre yöntemine göre emprenye edilmişlerdir. ACQ ve BA ile emprenyeli örnekler, 5 farklı su itici madde (Tall yağı, Keten yağı, Sodyum silikat, Metil hidrojen silikon, N'-N- (1, 8-Naphthalyl) hidroksilamin) ile ikinci emprenye işlemine tabi tutulmuşlardır. Polietilen glikol 600 ve Alüminyum sülfat maddeleri ise ACQ ve BA ile homojen karışım oluşturularak tek emprenye şeklinde uygulanmışlardır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; ACQ, BA ve su itici maddeler ile oluşturulan varyasyonlarda, ACQ+MHS hariç, diğer varyasyonlarda yüksek oranda bakır ve bor yıkanmasına elde edilmiştir. ACQ+MHS ile emprenyeli örneklerde sadece %3 oranında bakır yıkanması gerçekleşmiştir. Ayrıca ACQ ile emprenyeli örneklerdeki bakır yıkanması, MCQ ile emprenyeli örneklerdeki bakır yıkanmasından daha düşük bulunmuştur. NB ile emprenyeli örneklerin yıkanmaya karşı yüksek direnç gösterdiği yapılan çalışmada ortaya konmuştur. Yıkanma testi sonuçlarına göre NB ile emprenyeli örneklerde yıkanmayan bor miktarı % 42,88 olarak elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

Alkali bakır kuat (ACQ), Borik asit (BA), Mikronize bakır kuat (MCQ), Nano bor (NB), Yıkanma testi

Project Number

2016-FEN-C-001

Thanks

Bu çalışma "Bartın Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje No: 2016- FEN-C-001).

Leaching properties of wood treated with copper and boron compounds combined with water repellents

Abstract

In this study, leaching performances of ammonium copper quat (ACQ) and boric acid (BA) chemicals, which are highly used in wood protection industry, were studied. Micronized copper quat (MCQ) and Nano boron (NB) were used as reference materials to ACQ and BA preservatives. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples were impregnated according to the full cell method with ACQ at 2,4 % concentration, BA at 4% concentration and MCQ and NB at 1% concentration levels. ACQ and BA impregnated samples were then, impregnated for a second time using 5 different water-repellent materials (tall oil, linseed oil, sodium silicate, methyl hydrogen silicone, N'-N-(1, 8-Naphthalyl) hydroxylamine). Polyethylene glycol 600 and aluminium sulphate were administered in the form of single impregnation by making a homogeneous mixture with ACQ and BA. In variotions made using ACQ, BA and water repellent materials, all variations except ACQ+MHS were failed to prevent copper and boron leaching. In samples impregnated with ACQ+MHS, only 3 % copper leaching was obtained. In addition, the copper leaching in samples impregnated with ACQ were lower compared to copper leaching in samples impregnated with MCQ. It was found that samples impregnated with NB showed high resistance towards to leaching. According to the results of leaching test, the non-leached boron amount in samples impregnated with NB was 42.88 %.

Keywords

Alkaline copper quat (ACQ), Boric acid (BA), Micronized copper quat (MCQ), Nano boron (NB), leaching test

Project Number

2016-FEN-C-001

References

• ASTM-D 1413-007, 2007. Standart test methods of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soilblock cultures, Annual Book of Astm Standarts, USA, pp. 452-460.
• AWPA A7, 1993. Standard for wet ashing procedures for preparing wood for chemical analysis. American Wood Preservers. Association Standard, Granbury, TX, U.S.A.
• AWPA A21, 2000. Standard method for the analysis of wood and wood treating solutions by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. American Wood Preservers. Association Standard, Granbury, TX, U.S.A.
• AWPA E11, 1997. Standard method of determining the leachability of wood preservatives. American Wood Preservers. Association Standard, Granbury, TX, U.S.A.
• Barceloux, D.G., 1999. Chromium. Clinical Toxicology, 37:173-194.
• Baysal, E., Sönmez, A., Çolak, M., Toker, H., 2006. Amount of leachant and water absorbtion levels of wood treated with borates and water repellents. Bioresource Technology, 97: 2271-2279.
• Cooper, P.A., Ung, T.Y., 2008. Comparison of laboratory and natural exposure leaching of copper from wood treated with three wood preservatives. 39th IRG Annual Meeting, May, Stockholm, Sweden, IRG/WP/08- 50258.
• Cavdar, A.D., Tomak, E.D., Mengeloglu, F., 2018. Long-term leaching effect on decay resistance of wood-plastic composites treated with boron compounds. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(2): 756-764.
• Dauvergne, E.T., Soulounganga, P., Gerardin, P., Loubinoux, B. 2000. Glycerol/glyoxal: A new boron fixation system for wood preservation and dimensional stabilization. Holzforschung 54:123-126.
• Ding, X., Meneses, M.B., Albukhari, S.M., Richter, D.L., Matuana, L.M., Heiden, P.A., 2013. Comparing leaching of different copper oxide nanoparticles and ammoniacal copper salt from wood. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 298(12): 1335-1343.
• Gezer, E.D., 2003. Kullanım süresini tamamlamış emprenyeli ağaç malzemelerin yeniden değerlendirilmesi olanaklarının araştırılması. Doktora Tezi, K.T.Ü., F.B.E., Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Trabzon.
• Hingston, J.A., Collins, C.D., Murphy, R.J., Lester, J.N., 2001. Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives: a review. Environmental Pollution, 111(1): 53-66.
• Humar, M., Petrič, M., 2000. Ethanolamine in impregnated wood. Research reports Forestry and Wood Science and Technology, 61: 143-159.
• Kartal S.N., Imamura Y., 2004. Effects of N0-N-(1, 8-naphthalyl) hydroxylamine (NHA-Na) and hydroxynaphthalimide (NHA-H) on boron leachability and biological degradation of wood. Holz Roh Werkst, 62:378-386.
• Kartal, S.N., Green, F., Clausen, C.A., 2009. Do the unique properties of nanometals affect leachability or efficacy against fungi and termites? International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 63(4): 490-495.
• Lyon, F., Thevenon, M.F., Imamura, Y., Gril, J., Pizzi, A., 2007. Development of Boron/Linseed Oil Combined Treatment as A Low-Toxic Wood Protection. Evaluation of Boron Fixation and Resistance to Termites According to Japanese and European Standards, 38th IRG Annual Meeting, November, Taiwan, IRG/WP 07-30448.
• Olsson, T., Megnis, M., Varna, J., Limdberg, H., 2001. Measurement of the uptake of linseed oil in pine by the use of an X-Ray microdensitometry technique. Journal of Wood Science, 47: 275-281.
• Paril, P., Baar, J., Cermak, P., Rademacher, P., Prucek, R., Sivera, M., Panacek, A., 2017. Antifungal effects of copper and silver nanoparticles against white and brown rot fungi. Journal of Materials Science, 52(5): 2720-2729.
• Pohleven, F., 1998. The current status of use of wood preservatives in some European countries – summary of the answers to the questionnaire – the last correction in February 1998. Brussels, COST E2, 2.
• Ramos, A.M., Caldeira Jorge, F., Botelho, C., 2006. boron fixation in wood: studies of fixation mechanisms using model compounds and maritime pine. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 64: 445-450.
• Richardson, H.W., 1997. Handbook of copper compounds and applications. M. Dekker, New York, 93-122.
• Temiz, A., 2005. Dış hava koşullarının emprenyeli ağaç malzemeye etkileri. Doktora Tezi, K.T.Ü., Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
• Tomak, E.D., 2011. Masif odundan bor bileşiklerinin yıkanmasını önlemede yağlı ısıl işlemin ve emülsiyon teknikleri ile emprenye işleminin etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği, Trabzon.
• Yalınkılıç, M.K., Gezer, E.D., Takahashi, M., Demirci, Z., Ilhan, R., Imamura, Y., 1999. Boron addition of non-or low-formaldehyde cross-linking reagents to enhance biological resistance and dimensional stability of wood. Holz als Rohund Werkstoff, 57: 351-357.