Noncommunicable Diseases as A New Urban Epidemic

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 75 - 84, 11.03.2019

Gülay Yılmazel , Fevziye Çetinkaya , Melis Naçar , Zeynep Baykan

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.528035

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Prevalence of
non-communicable diseases has shown an increase in rapidly urbanizing
population. It introduces us with a new urban epidemic which shapes by
lifestyle and working patterns of urban residents. Physical inactivity,
unhealthy diet, smoking and alcohol consumption are four key risk factors which
lead the development of non-communicable diseases. Socio-economic,
environmental and occupational influence which are brought together with urban
settlement increases the impacts of these factors. Air pollution,
problems in the food system, lack of green space and living in poor
neighbourhoods are important urban features which can trigger noncommunicable
diseases. Type 2 diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, depression, anxiety,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and arthritis are among the
noncommuncable disease which can be associated with urban features. Improving
urban features, strengthening the city's residents, ensuring community involvement,
adapting urban planning and primary health care according to these
interventions and implementation of the multi-sectoral strategy may be useful
for control and prevention of these diseases.

Bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların
prevalansı hızla kentleşen nüfusta artış göstermektedir. Bu durum kent sakinlerinin yaşam biçimi ve çalışma örüntüsü ile
şekillenen yeni bir kentsel epidemiyi karşımıza çıkarmaktadır. Bulaşıcı olmayan
hastalıkların gelişiminde öncülük eden dört temel risk faktörü; fiziksel
inaktivite, sağlıksız beslenme, sigara içimi ve alkol tüketimidir. Kentsel
yerleşimin beraberinde getirdiği sosyo-ekonomik, çevresel ve mesleksel etkiler
bu risk faktörlerinin etkisini artırmaktadır. Hava kirliliği, gıda sistemindeki
sorunlar, yeşil alanların azlığı ve yoksul semtlerde yaşam bulaşıcı olmayan
hastalıkları tetikleyebilen önemli kentsel özelliklerdendir. Tip 2 Diyabet,
kardiyo-vasküler hastalıklar, depresyon, anksiyete, kronik obstrüktif
akciğer hastalığı (KOAH),
kanserler ve artritler kentsel özellikler ile ilişkili olabilen bulaşıcı olmayan
hastalıklardandır. Bu hastalıkların kontrolü ve önlenmesinde sürdürülebilir
kalkınma hedefleri doğrultusunda kentsel özelliklerin iyileştirilmesi, kent
sakinlerinin güçlendirilmesi, toplumsal katılımın sağlanması,  kentsel planlamanın ve birinci basamak sağlık
hizmetlerinin bu müdahale alanlarına göre uyarlanması ile çok sektörlü
stratejilerin uygulanması yararlı olabilir.

Keywords

Urban, epidemic, non-communicable disease

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