Evaluation of the Covid-19 Pandemic and the Psychological Effects of Protective Behaviors on Individuals

Year 2021, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 837 - 845, 20.12.2021

Meltem Ünal , Sebahat Gücük

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.937696

Abstract

Aim: Our study was conducted to evaluate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and protective behaviors for disease control on individuals. Method: Our study was of cross-sectional descriptive type between October and November 2020, and the participants were grouped into two groups as COVID-19 patients and those without a history or contact with COVID-19 and completed with 402 participants. 1. Group, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 with a positive COVID-19 PCR test, who were older than 18 years and younger than 65 years of age, who agreed to participate in the study after the information, Group 2, who had never been diagnosed with COVID-19 before, Those who did not have a history of close contact with the individual who had -19, who were older than 18 years old and younger than 65 years old, and who agreed to participate in the study after the information were selected. The questionnaire form consists of questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and their compliance with infection control measures. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied to determine the psychological status of the participants. Results: Of the participants in the case group, 99 (49.5%) were male and 101 (50.5%) were female. Of the participants in the case group, 99 (49.5%) were male and 101 (50.5%) were female. Of the control group participants, 100 (49.5%) were male and 102 were female. The mean age of the case group was 36.6±10.9 years, and the mean age of the control group was 35.3±12.6 years. GAD-7 total score average 4.78±4.52 points (mild) in participating females, 6.35±4.86 points (mild) in PHQ-9 total points, 2.98±3.96 points (absent or minimal) in males the mean total score was 4.75±4.47 (mild) and it was found to be significantly higher in women than in men (p<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, as we determined during the pandemic process, it should be well emphasized that in order to create behavioral changes in individuals, regardless of the reason, compliance with the preventive behaviors from infection in the health services we will provide and attention to the measures to protect others. Again, we think that it should be kept in mind, especially in this period, to carry out a mental state examination during the examinations, in order to live this process more healthily and to use the treatments given more willingly by the individuals.

Keywords

COVID-19, PANDEMİC, attitudes, psychological effects

COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİ VE KORUYUCU DAVRANIŞLARIN BİREYLER ÜZERİNDEKİ PSİKOLOJİK ETKİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamız, COVID-19 pandemisi ve hastalık kontrolü için yapılacak koruyucu davranışların bireyler üzerindeki psikolojik etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Çalışmamız Ekim-Kasım 2020 ayları arasında kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipte olup, katılımcılar COVID-19 hastaları ve COVID-19 öyküsü veya teması olmayanlar olarak iki grup şekilinde gruplandırılarak 402 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1. Grup, COVID-19 PCR testi pozitifliği ile COVID-19 tanısı alan, 18-65 yaş aralığında, bilgilendirme sonrası araştırmaya katılmayı kabul etmiş olanlar arasından seçilerek oluşturulmuşken 2. Grup, daha önce hiç COVID-19 tanısı almamış, COVID-19 geçiren bireyle yakın temas öyküsü olmayan, 118-65 yaş aralığında, bilgilendirme sonrası araştırmaya katılmayı kabul etmiş olanlar arasından seçilerek oluşturlumuştur. Anket formu katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri ve enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerine uyumu öğrenmeye yönelik sorulardan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların psikolojik durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) Ölçeği ve Hasta Sağlık Anketi-9 (HSA-9) uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Vaka grubundaki katılımcıların 99’unu erkekler (%49,5), 101’ini kadınlar (%50,5) oluştururken kontrol grubu katılımcılarının 100’ünü erkeklar (%49,5), 102’sini ise kadınlar oluşturmuştur. Vaka grubunun yaş ortalaması 36,6±10,9 yıl, kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması ise 35,3±12,6 yıldır. Katılımcı kadınlarda YAB-7 toplam puan ortalaması 4,78±4,52 puan (hafif); HSA-9 toplam puan ortalaması 6,35±4,86 puan (hafif); erkeklerde YAB-7 toplam puan ortalaması 2,98±3,96 puan (yok veya minimal); HSA-9 toplam puan ortalaması ise 4,75±4,47 (hafif) puan olup kadınlarda erkeklere göre anlamlı yüksek saptandı (p<0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda pandemi sürecinde saptadığımız gibi bireylerde davranış değişikliği oluşturabilmek adına nedenine bakılmaksızın vereceğimiz sağlık hizmetlerinde enfeksiyondan koruyucu davranışlara uyumun sağlanmasının ve başkalarını korumaya yönelik önlemlere dikkat edilmesinin iyi vurgulanması gerekmektedir. Yine özellikle bu dönemde muayeneler sırasında ruhsal durum muayenesinin de yapılmasının, bu süreci daha sağlıklı yaşamak ve verilen tedavilerin bireyler tarafından daha istekli kullanılabilmesi için aklımızda bulundurulması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.

Keywords

COVİD-19, DAVRANIŞLAR, PANDEMİ, psikolojik etkiler

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