Okul Çocuklarının Beslenme Davranışları ve Obezite Durumunu Etkileyen Faktörler: Kırsal-Kentsel Alan Karşılaştırması

Year 2022, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 485 - 492, 26.09.2022

Arzu Yörük Meryem Öztürk Haney

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1057791

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Kırsal ve kentsel alanda yaşayan okul çağındaki çocukların beslenme davranışları ve obezite durumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipteki çalışma kentsel alanda iki, kırsal alanda yedi ilkokulda okuyan 500 çocuk ve ebeveyni ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Ebeveyn Yemek Zamanı Davranışları Ölçeği, Çocuklarda Yeme Davranış Anketi, Çocuk Beslenme Davranış Ölçeği ve antropometrik ölçümler ile belirlenmiştir. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare testi, t testi ve çoklu regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 500 öğrenci ve ebeveyni (%43.4 kırsal, %56.6 kentsel) katılmıştır. Çocukların yaş ortalaması kırsal alanda, 8.93 +0.85; kentsel alanda, 9.01+ 0.82 idi. Kırsal alanda öğrencilerin % 53’ü, kentsel alanda % 56.5’i kız idi. Kırsal alanda çocukların % 18’i, kentsel alanda %16’i obezdi. Kırsal alandaki ebeveynlerin ödül kullanma, olumlu ikna, özel yemekler ve atıştırma modeli; kentsel alandaki ebeveynlerin yemek konusunda ısrar, hayvansal yağ azaltma ve atıştırma miktarı yemek zamanı davranış puanları daha yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir (p<0.001). Kırsal alandaki çocukların gıda hevesliliği, içme tutkusu ve yemek seçiciliği yeme davranışlarını kentsel alandaki çocuklara göre daha fazla sergiledikleri belirlenmiştir (p<0.001). Çocukların beslenme davranışlarının belirleyicileri; atıştırma miktarı, gıda hevesliliği, gıdadan keyif alma, yemek seçiciliği, cinsiyet ve yaşanılan bölge olarak belirlenmiştir. Çocukların kilo durumunu etkileyen faktörler; yaşanılan bölge, ödül kullanma, hayvansal yağ azaltma, gıda hevesliliği, gıdadan keyif alma, yavaş yeme, yemek seçiciliği olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Çocuklarda beslenme davranışlarını geliştirmeyi amaçlayan programlarda 'ebeveyn yemek zamanı davranışları' ve 'çocuk yeme davranışlarını' geliştiren uygulamalara ağırlık verilmesi, çocukluk obezitesini önlemeye ve tedaviye yönelik programlarda kırsal alanda yaşayan çocukların öncelikli olarak ele alınması önerilmiştir.

Keywords

çocukluk obezitesi, beslenme davranışı, yeme davranışı, kırsal-kentsel

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

-

Thanks

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Factors Affecting to the School Aged Children's Dietary Behaviors and Obesity Status: Rural and Urban Area Comparison

Abstract

Aim: It is aimed to determine the factors affecting the dietary behaviors and obesity status of the school aged children who live in the rural and urban areas. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted with 500 children and parents from two urban primary schools and seven primary schools in rural area. The data were collected with demographic questionnaire, parent meal time behavior scale, child eating behavior scale, child dietary behavior scale and anthropometric measurements. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, student-t test and multiple regression analysis. Results: A total of 500 students and their parents (43.4% rural, 56.6% urban) participated in the study. The mean age of the children was 8.93 +0.85 in rural and 9.01+0.82 in urban. 53% of the students in rural were girls and 56.5% in urban. Childhood obesity rates was 18% in rural areas and 16% in urban area. In rural areas, it was found that parents reward use, positive persuasion, special meals and snack model meal time behaviors, while in urban areas parents insisted on eating, animal fat reduction and snack meal were statistically significant (p <0.001). It was observed that children in the rural areas exhibited a statistically significant difference in their food enthusiasm, drinking passion and food selectivity eating behaviors compared to children in urban area (p <0.001). Factors related to children’s dietary behavior were the amount of snack, food enthusiasm, food enjoyment, food selectivity, gender and the living area. Factors related to children's weight status were living area, reward use, animal fat reduction, food enthusiasm, pleasure of food, slow eating, and food selectivity. Conclusion: It has been suggested that focusing on 'parent meal time behaviors', 'child eating behaviors' in programs aiming to improve children’s dietary behaviors. And also, suggested that children living in rural areas should be considered as priority in the programs aimed at prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Keywords

Childhood obesity, diet behavior, eating behavior, urban-rural

Project Number

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