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Mediators and predictors of peritraumatic dissociation after devastating consecutive earthquakes: the role of social support

Year 2024, , 149 - 160, 16.08.2024

Burak Mete , Hakan Demirhindi , Ceren Kanat Şahin , Pakize İrem Kahramanoğlu , Mehmet Emin Demirkol

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1410747

Abstract

Objective: Dissociation involves the tendency to detach from one’s environment, own body and mental states. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of psychiatric symptoms, coping strategies with earthquake stress and the relationship between peritraumatic dissociation one month after two earthquakes that occurred 9 hours apart on 6th February 2023 in Türkiye.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire distributed through social media groups was filled by 786 university students studying in Adana, including Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), Coping Strategies with Earthquake Stress Scale, and Brief Symptom Inventory.

Results: The peritraumatic dissociation showed a weak negative relationship with religious coping strategy and a very weak positive relationship with seeking social support. Obsessive-compulsivity (β=0.650), anxiety (β=0.572), depression (β=-0.316, i.e., negatively), phobic anxiety (β=0.390), positive symptom distress index (β=-1.888), social support (β=0.597) sub-dimensions were found to be important predictors of peritraumatic dissociation in the linear regression model (explanatory power R2=0.379) with obsessive-compulsivity (30.9%) being the most contributing factor. Peritraumatic dissociation scores were significantly higher in females and in those with damage or destruction in their homes. Mediation analysis revealed that depression indirectly increased the dissociation score, i.e., by decreasing the seeking social support scores, the latter being found to mediate peritraumatic dissociation.

Conclusion: The most important predictor of peritraumatic dissociation was obsessive-compulsivity symptoms, with the highest risk in those with more anxiety symptoms and who sought more social support. Therefore, social support is suggested to accompany early symptom screening after the earthquake to reduce outcomes like post-traumatic stress disorders.

Keywords

Earthquake Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire Coping Strategies with Earthquake Stress Scale Brief Symptom Inventory

References

  • Wachinger G, Renn O, Begg C, Kuhlicke C. The risk perception paradox-implications for governance and communication of natural hazards. Risk Analysis. 2013;33(6): 1049–1065.
  • Wachinger G, Renn O, Begg C, Kuhlicke C. The risk perception paradox-implications for governance and communication of natural hazards. Risk Analysis. 2013;33(6): 1049–1065.
  • Dai W, Chen L, Lai Z, Li Y, Wang J, Liu A. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earth-quakes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1): 1–11.
  • Dai W, Chen L, Lai Z, Li Y, Wang J, Liu A. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earth-quakes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1): 1–11.
  • Duncan E, Dorahy MJ, Hanna D, Bagshaw S, Blampied N. Psychological Responses After a Major, Fatal Earthquake: The Effect of Peritraumatic Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms on Anxiety and Depression. J Trauma & Dissocia-tion. 2013;14(5): 501–518.
  • Duncan E, Dorahy MJ, Hanna D, Bagshaw S, Blampied N. Psychological Responses After a Major, Fatal Earthquake: The Effect of Peritraumatic Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms on Anxiety and Depression. J Trauma & Dissocia-tion. 2013;14(5): 501–518.
  • Başoǧlu M, Kiliç C, Şalcioǧlu E, Livanou M. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earth-quake survivors in Türkiye: An epidemiological study. J Traumatic Stress. 2004;17(2): 133–141.
  • Başoǧlu M, Kiliç C, Şalcioǧlu E, Livanou M. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earth-quake survivors in Türkiye: An epidemiological study. J Traumatic Stress. 2004;17(2): 133–141.
  • Priebe S, Grappasonni I, Mari M, Dewey M, Petrelli F, Costa A. Posttraumatic stress disorder six months after an earth-quake. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2009;44(5): 393–397.
  • Priebe S, Grappasonni I, Mari M, Dewey M, Petrelli F, Costa A. Posttraumatic stress disorder six months after an earth-quake. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2009;44(5): 393–397.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5).. 5th Edition. Ar-lington, VA: Psychiatr Res Clin Pract; 2013.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5).. 5th Edition. Ar-lington, VA: Psychiatr Res Clin Pract; 2013.
  • Cardeña E, Spiegel D. Dissociative reactions to the San Francisco Bay Area earthquake of 1989. American Journal of Psy-chiatry. 1993;150(3): 474–478.
  • Cardeña E, Spiegel D. Dissociative reactions to the San Francisco Bay Area earthquake of 1989. American Journal of Psy-chiatry. 1993;150(3): 474–478.
  • Rosendal S, Şalcıoğlu E, Andersen HS, Mortensen EL. Exposure characteristics and peri-trauma emotional reactions during the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia—what predicts posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms? Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(6): 630–637.
  • Rosendal S, Şalcıoğlu E, Andersen HS, Mortensen EL. Exposure characteristics and peri-trauma emotional reactions during the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia—what predicts posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms? Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(6): 630–637.
  • Bedard-Gilligan M, Zoellner LA. Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An eval-uation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis. Memory. 2012;20(3): 277–299.
  • Bedard-Gilligan M, Zoellner LA. Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An eval-uation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis. Memory. 2012;20(3): 277–299.
  • The Republic of Türkiye Presidency - Department of Strategy and Budget. 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earth-quakes Report. p. 36. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Kahramanmaras-ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Raporu.pdf (Accessed 30th May 2023).
  • The Republic of Türkiye Presidency - Department of Strategy and Budget. 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earth-quakes Report. p. 36. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Kahramanmaras-ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Raporu.pdf (Accessed 30th May 2023).
  • Uğur K, Kartal F, Mete B, Tamam L, Demirkol ME. The Relationship Between Peritraumatic Dissociation and Anxiety Level, Perceived Stress, Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping with Earthquake Stress in Post-Earthquake Acute Stress Disorder Pa-tients. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2021;23(4): 253–260.
  • Uğur K, Kartal F, Mete B, Tamam L, Demirkol ME. The Relationship Between Peritraumatic Dissociation and Anxiety Level, Perceived Stress, Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping with Earthquake Stress in Post-Earthquake Acute Stress Disorder Pa-tients. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2021;23(4): 253–260.
  • Marmar CR, Metzler TJ, Otte C. The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire. In: Wilson JP, Tang CS kum (eds.) Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. 2nd Edition. New York: Guilford Press; 2004. p. 144–167.
  • Marmar CR, Metzler TJ, Otte C. The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire. In: Wilson JP, Tang CS kum (eds.) Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. 2nd Edition. New York: Guilford Press; 2004. p. 144–167.
  • Geyran P, Kocabaşoğlu N, Özdemir AÇ, Yargıç İ. Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Peritravmatic Dissocia-tive Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). Yeni Symposium. 2005;43(2): 79–84.
  • Geyran P, Kocabaşoğlu N, Özdemir AÇ, Yargıç İ. Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Peritravmatic Dissocia-tive Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). Yeni Symposium. 2005;43(2): 79–84.
  • Yondem ZD, Eren A. Validity and Reliability Studies of the Strategies of Coping with Earthquake Stress Scale. Turkish Psy-chological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2008;3(30): 60–67. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323202617_Deprem_Stresi_ile_Basetme_Stratejileri_Olceginin_Gecerlik_ve_Guvenirlik_Calismalari_Validity_and_Reliability_Studies_of_the_Strategies_of_Coping_with_Earthquake_Stress_Scale
  • Yondem ZD, Eren A. Validity and Reliability Studies of the Strategies of Coping with Earthquake Stress Scale. Turkish Psy-chological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2008;3(30): 60–67. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323202617_Deprem_Stresi_ile_Basetme_Stratejileri_Olceginin_Gecerlik_ve_Guvenirlik_Calismalari_Validity_and_Reliability_Studies_of_the_Strategies_of_Coping_with_Earthquake_Stress_Scale
  • Derogatis LR. The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc. 1992.
  • Derogatis LR. The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc. 1992.
  • Sahin NH, Durak Batigün A, Uğurtaş S. [The validity, reliability and factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2002;13(2): 125–135.
  • Sahin NH, Durak Batigün A, Uğurtaş S. [The validity, reliability and factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2002;13(2): 125–135.
  • Gabbard GO. Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders. In: Gabbard GO (ed.) Psychodynam-ic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 5th Edition. Whashington DC, London: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2014. p. 281–310.
  • Gabbard GO. Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders. In: Gabbard GO (ed.) Psychodynam-ic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 5th Edition. Whashington DC, London: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2014. p. 281–310.
  • Nobakht HN, Ojagh FS, Dale KY. Risk factors of post-traumatic stress among survivors of the 2017 Iran earthquake: The importance of peritraumatic dissociation. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271: 702–707.
  • Nobakht HN, Ojagh FS, Dale KY. Risk factors of post-traumatic stress among survivors of the 2017 Iran earthquake: The importance of peritraumatic dissociation. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271: 702–707.
  • Blanc J, Rahill GJ, Laconi S, Mouchenik Y. Religious Beliefs, PTSD, Depression and Resilience in Survivors of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. J Mood Anxiety Disord. 2016;190: 697–703.
  • Blanc J, Rahill GJ, Laconi S, Mouchenik Y. Religious Beliefs, PTSD, Depression and Resilience in Survivors of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. J Mood Anxiety Disord. 2016;190: 697–703.
  • Cénat JM, Derivois D. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symp-toms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;159: 111–117.
  • Cénat JM, Derivois D. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symp-toms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;159: 111–117.
  • Regier DA. Dimensional approaches to psychiatric classification: refining the research agenda for DSM-V: an intro-duction. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2007;16(S1): S1–S5.
  • Regier DA. Dimensional approaches to psychiatric classification: refining the research agenda for DSM-V: an intro-duction. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2007;16(S1): S1–S5.
  • Massazza A, Joffe H, Hyland P, Brewin CR. The structure of peritraumatic reactions and their relationship with PTSD among disaster survivors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2021;130(3): 248–259.
  • Massazza A, Joffe H, Hyland P, Brewin CR. The structure of peritraumatic reactions and their relationship with PTSD among disaster survivors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2021;130(3): 248–259.
  • Lensvelt-Mulders G, van der Hart O, van Ochten JM, van Son MJM, Steele K, Breeman L. Relations among peritrau-matic dissociation and posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2008;28(7): 1138–1151.
  • Lensvelt-Mulders G, van der Hart O, van Ochten JM, van Son MJM, Steele K, Breeman L. Relations among peritrau-matic dissociation and posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2008;28(7): 1138–1151.

Year 2024, , 149 - 160, 16.08.2024

Burak Mete , Hakan Demirhindi , Ceren Kanat Şahin , Pakize İrem Kahramanoğlu , Mehmet Emin Demirkol

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1410747

Abstract

References

  • Wachinger G, Renn O, Begg C, Kuhlicke C. The risk perception paradox-implications for governance and communication of natural hazards. Risk Analysis. 2013;33(6): 1049–1065.
  • Wachinger G, Renn O, Begg C, Kuhlicke C. The risk perception paradox-implications for governance and communication of natural hazards. Risk Analysis. 2013;33(6): 1049–1065.
  • Dai W, Chen L, Lai Z, Li Y, Wang J, Liu A. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earth-quakes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1): 1–11.
  • Dai W, Chen L, Lai Z, Li Y, Wang J, Liu A. The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earth-quakes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1): 1–11.
  • Duncan E, Dorahy MJ, Hanna D, Bagshaw S, Blampied N. Psychological Responses After a Major, Fatal Earthquake: The Effect of Peritraumatic Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms on Anxiety and Depression. J Trauma & Dissocia-tion. 2013;14(5): 501–518.
  • Duncan E, Dorahy MJ, Hanna D, Bagshaw S, Blampied N. Psychological Responses After a Major, Fatal Earthquake: The Effect of Peritraumatic Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms on Anxiety and Depression. J Trauma & Dissocia-tion. 2013;14(5): 501–518.
  • Başoǧlu M, Kiliç C, Şalcioǧlu E, Livanou M. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earth-quake survivors in Türkiye: An epidemiological study. J Traumatic Stress. 2004;17(2): 133–141.
  • Başoǧlu M, Kiliç C, Şalcioǧlu E, Livanou M. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earth-quake survivors in Türkiye: An epidemiological study. J Traumatic Stress. 2004;17(2): 133–141.
  • Priebe S, Grappasonni I, Mari M, Dewey M, Petrelli F, Costa A. Posttraumatic stress disorder six months after an earth-quake. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2009;44(5): 393–397.
  • Priebe S, Grappasonni I, Mari M, Dewey M, Petrelli F, Costa A. Posttraumatic stress disorder six months after an earth-quake. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2009;44(5): 393–397.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5).. 5th Edition. Ar-lington, VA: Psychiatr Res Clin Pract; 2013.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5).. 5th Edition. Ar-lington, VA: Psychiatr Res Clin Pract; 2013.
  • Cardeña E, Spiegel D. Dissociative reactions to the San Francisco Bay Area earthquake of 1989. American Journal of Psy-chiatry. 1993;150(3): 474–478.
  • Cardeña E, Spiegel D. Dissociative reactions to the San Francisco Bay Area earthquake of 1989. American Journal of Psy-chiatry. 1993;150(3): 474–478.
  • Rosendal S, Şalcıoğlu E, Andersen HS, Mortensen EL. Exposure characteristics and peri-trauma emotional reactions during the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia—what predicts posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms? Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(6): 630–637.
  • Rosendal S, Şalcıoğlu E, Andersen HS, Mortensen EL. Exposure characteristics and peri-trauma emotional reactions during the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia—what predicts posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms? Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(6): 630–637.
  • Bedard-Gilligan M, Zoellner LA. Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An eval-uation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis. Memory. 2012;20(3): 277–299.
  • Bedard-Gilligan M, Zoellner LA. Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An eval-uation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis. Memory. 2012;20(3): 277–299.
  • The Republic of Türkiye Presidency - Department of Strategy and Budget. 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earth-quakes Report. p. 36. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Kahramanmaras-ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Raporu.pdf (Accessed 30th May 2023).
  • The Republic of Türkiye Presidency - Department of Strategy and Budget. 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earth-quakes Report. p. 36. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Kahramanmaras-ve-Hatay-Depremleri-Raporu.pdf (Accessed 30th May 2023).
  • Uğur K, Kartal F, Mete B, Tamam L, Demirkol ME. The Relationship Between Peritraumatic Dissociation and Anxiety Level, Perceived Stress, Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping with Earthquake Stress in Post-Earthquake Acute Stress Disorder Pa-tients. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2021;23(4): 253–260.
  • Uğur K, Kartal F, Mete B, Tamam L, Demirkol ME. The Relationship Between Peritraumatic Dissociation and Anxiety Level, Perceived Stress, Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping with Earthquake Stress in Post-Earthquake Acute Stress Disorder Pa-tients. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2021;23(4): 253–260.
  • Marmar CR, Metzler TJ, Otte C. The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire. In: Wilson JP, Tang CS kum (eds.) Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. 2nd Edition. New York: Guilford Press; 2004. p. 144–167.
  • Marmar CR, Metzler TJ, Otte C. The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire. In: Wilson JP, Tang CS kum (eds.) Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. 2nd Edition. New York: Guilford Press; 2004. p. 144–167.
  • Geyran P, Kocabaşoğlu N, Özdemir AÇ, Yargıç İ. Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Peritravmatic Dissocia-tive Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). Yeni Symposium. 2005;43(2): 79–84.
  • Geyran P, Kocabaşoğlu N, Özdemir AÇ, Yargıç İ. Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Peritravmatic Dissocia-tive Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). Yeni Symposium. 2005;43(2): 79–84.
  • Yondem ZD, Eren A. Validity and Reliability Studies of the Strategies of Coping with Earthquake Stress Scale. Turkish Psy-chological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2008;3(30): 60–67. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323202617_Deprem_Stresi_ile_Basetme_Stratejileri_Olceginin_Gecerlik_ve_Guvenirlik_Calismalari_Validity_and_Reliability_Studies_of_the_Strategies_of_Coping_with_Earthquake_Stress_Scale
  • Yondem ZD, Eren A. Validity and Reliability Studies of the Strategies of Coping with Earthquake Stress Scale. Turkish Psy-chological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2008;3(30): 60–67. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323202617_Deprem_Stresi_ile_Basetme_Stratejileri_Olceginin_Gecerlik_ve_Guvenirlik_Calismalari_Validity_and_Reliability_Studies_of_the_Strategies_of_Coping_with_Earthquake_Stress_Scale
  • Derogatis LR. The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc. 1992.
  • Derogatis LR. The Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. Clinical Pscyhometric Research Inc. 1992.
  • Sahin NH, Durak Batigün A, Uğurtaş S. [The validity, reliability and factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2002;13(2): 125–135.
  • Sahin NH, Durak Batigün A, Uğurtaş S. [The validity, reliability and factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2002;13(2): 125–135.
  • Gabbard GO. Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders. In: Gabbard GO (ed.) Psychodynam-ic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 5th Edition. Whashington DC, London: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2014. p. 281–310.
  • Gabbard GO. Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders. In: Gabbard GO (ed.) Psychodynam-ic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 5th Edition. Whashington DC, London: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2014. p. 281–310.
  • Nobakht HN, Ojagh FS, Dale KY. Risk factors of post-traumatic stress among survivors of the 2017 Iran earthquake: The importance of peritraumatic dissociation. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271: 702–707.
  • Nobakht HN, Ojagh FS, Dale KY. Risk factors of post-traumatic stress among survivors of the 2017 Iran earthquake: The importance of peritraumatic dissociation. Psychiatry Research. 2019;271: 702–707.
  • Blanc J, Rahill GJ, Laconi S, Mouchenik Y. Religious Beliefs, PTSD, Depression and Resilience in Survivors of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. J Mood Anxiety Disord. 2016;190: 697–703.
  • Blanc J, Rahill GJ, Laconi S, Mouchenik Y. Religious Beliefs, PTSD, Depression and Resilience in Survivors of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. J Mood Anxiety Disord. 2016;190: 697–703.
  • Cénat JM, Derivois D. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symp-toms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;159: 111–117.
  • Cénat JM, Derivois D. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symp-toms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014;159: 111–117.
  • Regier DA. Dimensional approaches to psychiatric classification: refining the research agenda for DSM-V: an intro-duction. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2007;16(S1): S1–S5.
  • Regier DA. Dimensional approaches to psychiatric classification: refining the research agenda for DSM-V: an intro-duction. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. 2007;16(S1): S1–S5.
  • Massazza A, Joffe H, Hyland P, Brewin CR. The structure of peritraumatic reactions and their relationship with PTSD among disaster survivors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2021;130(3): 248–259.
  • Massazza A, Joffe H, Hyland P, Brewin CR. The structure of peritraumatic reactions and their relationship with PTSD among disaster survivors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2021;130(3): 248–259.
  • Lensvelt-Mulders G, van der Hart O, van Ochten JM, van Son MJM, Steele K, Breeman L. Relations among peritrau-matic dissociation and posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2008;28(7): 1138–1151.
  • Lensvelt-Mulders G, van der Hart O, van Ochten JM, van Son MJM, Steele K, Breeman L. Relations among peritrau-matic dissociation and posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2008;28(7): 1138–1151.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Burak Mete 0000-0002-0780-6176

Hakan Demirhindi 0000-0001-7475-2406

Ceren Kanat Şahin 0000-0003-4858-9275

Pakize İrem Kahramanoğlu 0009-0009-9467-1676

Mehmet Emin Demirkol 0000-0003-3965-7360

Early Pub Date August 16, 2024
Publication Date August 16, 2024
Submission Date December 27, 2023
Acceptance Date June 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Mete, B., Demirhindi, H., Kanat Şahin, C., Kahramanoğlu, P. İ., et al. (2024). Mediators and predictors of peritraumatic dissociation after devastating consecutive earthquakes: the role of social support. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 22(2), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1410747
AMA Mete B, Demirhindi H, Kanat Şahin C, Kahramanoğlu Pİ, Demirkol ME. Mediators and predictors of peritraumatic dissociation after devastating consecutive earthquakes: the role of social support. TJPH. August 2024;22(2):149-160. doi:10.20518/tjph.1410747
Chicago Mete, Burak, Hakan Demirhindi, Ceren Kanat Şahin, Pakize İrem Kahramanoğlu, and Mehmet Emin Demirkol. “Mediators and Predictors of Peritraumatic Dissociation After Devastating Consecutive Earthquakes: The Role of Social Support”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 22, no. 2 (August 2024): 149-60. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1410747.
EndNote Mete B, Demirhindi H, Kanat Şahin C, Kahramanoğlu Pİ, Demirkol ME (August 1, 2024) Mediators and predictors of peritraumatic dissociation after devastating consecutive earthquakes: the role of social support. Turkish Journal of Public Health 22 2 149–160.
IEEE B. Mete, H. Demirhindi, C. Kanat Şahin, P. İ. Kahramanoğlu, and M. E. Demirkol, “Mediators and predictors of peritraumatic dissociation after devastating consecutive earthquakes: the role of social support”, TJPH, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 149–160, 2024, doi: 10.20518/tjph.1410747.
ISNAD Mete, Burak et al. “Mediators and Predictors of Peritraumatic Dissociation After Devastating Consecutive Earthquakes: The Role of Social Support”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 22/2 (August 2024), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.1410747.
JAMA Mete B, Demirhindi H, Kanat Şahin C, Kahramanoğlu Pİ, Demirkol ME. Mediators and predictors of peritraumatic dissociation after devastating consecutive earthquakes: the role of social support. TJPH. 2024;22:149–160.
MLA Mete, Burak et al. “Mediators and Predictors of Peritraumatic Dissociation After Devastating Consecutive Earthquakes: The Role of Social Support”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 22, no. 2, 2024, pp. 149-60, doi:10.20518/tjph.1410747.
Vancouver Mete B, Demirhindi H, Kanat Şahin C, Kahramanoğlu Pİ, Demirkol ME. Mediators and predictors of peritraumatic dissociation after devastating consecutive earthquakes: the role of social support. TJPH. 2024;22(2):149-60.

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