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Kuzeybatı Iran- Doğu Azerbaycan’da 2012 depreminden etkilenen bölgelerde 200 gün sonra sağlık değerlendirmesi

Year 2017, , 47 - 57, 27.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.326814

Abstract

Afet ve büyük depremler gibi insan yaşamını tehdit eden sağlık sorunlarının incelenmesi ve sağlık durumunun değerlendirilmesi, gelecekte olabilecek afetler için sağlık hizmeti sunucularına plan yapması için olanaklar sağlar. Bu raporun temel amacı, İran'ın kuzeybatısında yer alan Doğu Azerbaycan’da 2012 yılı depremlerinde etkilenen nüfustan 200 gün sonra çevre sağlığı durumunu incelemektir. Tarama deprem meydana gelmesinden 200 gün sonra gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğu Azerbaycan depreminde hasar gören 95 köy arasından Ahar, Varzeghan ve Heris adlı üç kasaba küme örnek olarak seçildi. Veriler anket, saha ziyaretleri, su ve sanitasyonun değerlendirilmesi ile toplandı. Doğu Azerbaycan bölgesi ikiz bir depremde Ahar, Varzeghan, Heris, Tabriz ve Kaleibar şehirlerinden 399 köy etkilenmiş ve 356 köy (%89.2) % 30-100 arasında yıkılmıştır. Su ve sanitasyon altyapısının 200 gün sonra yapılan değerlendirme, bu köylerin sadece yarısının yeterli ve sağlıklı su tükettiğini; içme suyunun arıtılmasının yapıldığını ve yüksek kapsama alanı olduğunu gösterdi. Depremden sonraki 200 gün içinde köylerin yarısı güvenli içme suyuna (işlenmiş içme suyu) ulaşabiliyordu. Etkilenen bölgenin içme suyunun bakteriyolojik kalitesi, bu bölgedeki 146 örnekten rasgele toplanmış ve 10’u (%6.8) uygunsuz
olarak rapor edilmiştir. Konutların katı atık yönetim tesisleri, halk sağlığı için kabul edilebilir
nitelikte bulunmamıştır. Katı atık bertarafı sırasıyla Ahar, Varzeghan ve Heris'de ilçe sakinleri
(kırsal kooperatifi) tarafından % 68.4, %36.8 ve %76.3 olarak gerçekleşti. Genel olarak, Varzeghan'da, deprem sonrasında enfeksiyon ve bulaşıcı hastalıkların etkisi % 42.1 (16 köy) olarak bildirildi. Dağlık ve kırsal alanlara odaklanan coğrafi yaklaşım eksikliği, etkilenen köylerde depremden zarar gören insanların kısmen desteklenmesi, katılımcı gereksinim değerlendirmesi eksikliği ve çeşitli kuruluşlar arasındaki kriz öncesi koordinasyon eksikliği çevresel faktörlerin sağlık durumu üzerine olumsuz etkilere neden oldu. Afet bölgesinde etkilenen nüfusun sağlığının geliştirilmesi için kanalizasyonun hijyenik değerlendirmesi sonrasında tehlikeli maddelerin tanımlanması, su sisteminde anlık ölçümlerin gerçekleştirilmesi ve atık yönetimi için sektörler arası koordinasyonun sağlanması gereklidir.

References

  • 1. Moosavi AR, Mahvi AH. Supply situation after the earthquake in Bam. Journal of Energy and Hydro Technology. 2008; 1(2):37-2. In Persian 
  • 2. Naddafi K, Yonesi B, Taheri T. Emergency sanitation: assesment and programme design. Tehran: Nas; 2009.
  • 3. Mahvi A. H., Omran GH. A., Asgari A. R. Bam City Solid Wastes Management, Before and After the Earthquake of 26 December 2003. Journal of Military Medicine. 2006; 8(2):83-9. In Persian
  • 4. Ghabili, Kamyar, et al. "Lessons from the recent twin earthquakes in Iran." PLoS currents 4 (2012).
  • 5. Rikhtegar, Reza, Sina Zarrintan, and Farzad Kakaei. "Recent twin earthquakes in Iran: was volunteer assistance effective?" Prehospital and disaster medicine 28.03 (2013): 311.
  • 6. Toole, Michael J., and Ronald J. Waldman. "THE PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF COMPLEX EMERGENCIES AND REFUGEE SITUATIONS 1." Annual review of public health 18.1 (1997): 283-312.
  • 7. Gautschi OP, Cadosch D, Rajan G, Zellweger R. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2008 Mar-Apr; 23(2):195-201.
  • 8. Tobin, Graham A. "Sustainability and community resilience: the holy grail of hazards planning." Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards 1.1 (1999): 13- 25.
  • 9. Galea, Sandro, Arijit Nandi, and David Vlahov. "The epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder after disasters." Epidemiologic Reviews 27.1 (2005): 78-91.
  • 10. Birkland, Thomas A. After disaster: Agenda setting, public policy, and focusing events. Georgetown University Press, 1997.
  • 11. Quarantelli, Enrico L. "Catastrophes are different from disasters: some implications for crisis planning and managing drawn from Katrina." Understanding Katrina: Perspectives from the social sciences (2005).
  • 12. Bengtsson, Linus, et al. "Improved response to disasters and outbreaks by tracking population movements with mobile phone network data: a postearthquake geospatial study in Haiti." PLoS medicine 8.8 (2011): e1001083.
  • 13. Emami, Mohammad J., et al. "Strategies in evaluation and management of Bam earthquake victims." Prehospital and disaster medicine 20.05 (2005): 327- 330.
  • 14. Babaie, Javad, Shandiz Moslehi, and Ali Ardalan. "Rapid Health Needs Assessment Experience in 11 August 2012 East Azerbaijan Earthquakes: A Qualitative Study." PLoS currents 6 (2013).
  • 15. Shaluf, Ibrahim M., and Aini Mat Said. "A Review of disaster and crisis." Disaster Prevention and Management 12.1 (2003): 24-32.
  • 16. Kemp, Geoffrey, and John Allen Gay. War with Iran: Political, Military, and Economic Consequences. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2013.
  • 17. Seyf N. Environmental health measures to reduce the impacts of natural disasters. Tehran: National Committee on Interior Ministry to reduce the impact of natural disasters; 2002.  In Persian 
  • 18. Mosaferi M, Jahani Moghadam J, Yosefi R, Poor Akbar M, Naghipoor N. Environmental health issues in the earthquake of 1391 in East Azarbaijan: Deficits and strategies .DEPICITION OF HEALTH. 2012;2-3 In Persian 
  • 19. Araghizadeh H., Saghafi Nia M., Entezari V. Analyzing medical management in disasters: A Review of the Bam Earthquake experiences. Journal of Military Medicine. [Research]. 2004;5(4):259-68.  In Persian 
  • 20. Hajinezhad A, Asgari A, Rafeian M, Moohamadi S. Identifying development opportunities earthquake with an emphasis on the physical aspects of the case: Bam. Geography and Development. 1389;8(19):71-82. In Persian

Environmental health assessment 200 days after earthquake-affected region in East Azerbaijan earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012

Year 2017, , 47 - 57, 27.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.326814

Abstract

Evaluating of health status and explore the challenges of health problems that threaten human
life following disasters and major earthquakes providing windows of opportunities for health
care providers in future planning of disasters. The main purpose of this report was to survey the
environmental sanitation statues after 200 days of the affected populations in earthquakes of
East Azerbaijan, northwestern of Iran, 2012. The survey was carried out in earthquake zones
200 days after the occurrence of the earthquake. A single stage cluster sampling from among 95 villages damaged in the earthquake of 2012 East
Azerbaijan of three towns Ahar, Varzeghan and Heris were selected. The data were collected
with questionnaire, site visits and evaluation of water and sanitation. In a twin Earthquake, East
Azerbaijan province that 399 villages of Ahar, Varzeghan, Heris, Tabriz and Kaleibar cities were
affected and 356 (89.2 %) villages were destroyed between 30-100%. Evaluation of water and
sanitation infrastructure after 200 days, shown that only half of these villages consumed healthy
water with high coverage and adequate. Half of the villages in 200 days after the earthquake
were covered safe drinking water (treated drinking water). The bacteriological quality of
drinking-water supply of the affected area was assessed in randomly collected 146 samples from
this region and ten (6.8%) reported as unsuitable. Solid waste management facilities in residents
have not been acceptable that affect public health. Solid waste disposal was done by district
residents (cooperation rural residents) 68.4%, 36.8% and 76.3% in Ahar, Varzeghan and Heris,
respectively. Overall, the impact of infectious and communicable diseases after Earthquake was
reported 42.1% (16 villages) in the Varzeghan. The lack of geographical view with a focus in
mountainous and rural areas, partial support and dispersion of earthquake-stricken people in
affected villages and lack of participatory need assessment and pre-crisis coordination among
various organizations led to negative effects of environmental factors on health status in villages.
Providing intra-sector coordination for waste management with a sanitary disposal of sewage
and detection hazardous materials aftermath as well as immediate measurements in the water
supply system are necessary for health promotion of the affected population in the disaster
region.

References

  • 1. Moosavi AR, Mahvi AH. Supply situation after the earthquake in Bam. Journal of Energy and Hydro Technology. 2008; 1(2):37-2. In Persian 
  • 2. Naddafi K, Yonesi B, Taheri T. Emergency sanitation: assesment and programme design. Tehran: Nas; 2009.
  • 3. Mahvi A. H., Omran GH. A., Asgari A. R. Bam City Solid Wastes Management, Before and After the Earthquake of 26 December 2003. Journal of Military Medicine. 2006; 8(2):83-9. In Persian
  • 4. Ghabili, Kamyar, et al. "Lessons from the recent twin earthquakes in Iran." PLoS currents 4 (2012).
  • 5. Rikhtegar, Reza, Sina Zarrintan, and Farzad Kakaei. "Recent twin earthquakes in Iran: was volunteer assistance effective?" Prehospital and disaster medicine 28.03 (2013): 311.
  • 6. Toole, Michael J., and Ronald J. Waldman. "THE PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF COMPLEX EMERGENCIES AND REFUGEE SITUATIONS 1." Annual review of public health 18.1 (1997): 283-312.
  • 7. Gautschi OP, Cadosch D, Rajan G, Zellweger R. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2008 Mar-Apr; 23(2):195-201.
  • 8. Tobin, Graham A. "Sustainability and community resilience: the holy grail of hazards planning." Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards 1.1 (1999): 13- 25.
  • 9. Galea, Sandro, Arijit Nandi, and David Vlahov. "The epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder after disasters." Epidemiologic Reviews 27.1 (2005): 78-91.
  • 10. Birkland, Thomas A. After disaster: Agenda setting, public policy, and focusing events. Georgetown University Press, 1997.
  • 11. Quarantelli, Enrico L. "Catastrophes are different from disasters: some implications for crisis planning and managing drawn from Katrina." Understanding Katrina: Perspectives from the social sciences (2005).
  • 12. Bengtsson, Linus, et al. "Improved response to disasters and outbreaks by tracking population movements with mobile phone network data: a postearthquake geospatial study in Haiti." PLoS medicine 8.8 (2011): e1001083.
  • 13. Emami, Mohammad J., et al. "Strategies in evaluation and management of Bam earthquake victims." Prehospital and disaster medicine 20.05 (2005): 327- 330.
  • 14. Babaie, Javad, Shandiz Moslehi, and Ali Ardalan. "Rapid Health Needs Assessment Experience in 11 August 2012 East Azerbaijan Earthquakes: A Qualitative Study." PLoS currents 6 (2013).
  • 15. Shaluf, Ibrahim M., and Aini Mat Said. "A Review of disaster and crisis." Disaster Prevention and Management 12.1 (2003): 24-32.
  • 16. Kemp, Geoffrey, and John Allen Gay. War with Iran: Political, Military, and Economic Consequences. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2013.
  • 17. Seyf N. Environmental health measures to reduce the impacts of natural disasters. Tehran: National Committee on Interior Ministry to reduce the impact of natural disasters; 2002.  In Persian 
  • 18. Mosaferi M, Jahani Moghadam J, Yosefi R, Poor Akbar M, Naghipoor N. Environmental health issues in the earthquake of 1391 in East Azarbaijan: Deficits and strategies .DEPICITION OF HEALTH. 2012;2-3 In Persian 
  • 19. Araghizadeh H., Saghafi Nia M., Entezari V. Analyzing medical management in disasters: A Review of the Bam Earthquake experiences. Journal of Military Medicine. [Research]. 2004;5(4):259-68.  In Persian 
  • 20. Hajinezhad A, Asgari A, Rafeian M, Moohamadi S. Identifying development opportunities earthquake with an emphasis on the physical aspects of the case: Bam. Geography and Development. 1389;8(19):71-82. In Persian
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Alihossein Zeinalzadeh This is me

Behrooz Mohammad Alizadeh This is me

Pouran Raeisi This is me

Javad Babaei This is me

Rozita Firooznia This is me

Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali This is me

Somaieh Roohani Majd This is me

Mohsen Farajallah Bike Nouri This is me

Khamnian Zhila This is me

Publication Date April 27, 2017
Submission Date July 5, 2017
Acceptance Date May 21, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

APA Zeinalzadeh, A., Alizadeh, B. M., Raeisi, P., Babaei, J., et al. (2017). Environmental health assessment 200 days after earthquake-affected region in East Azerbaijan earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 15(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.326814
AMA Zeinalzadeh A, Alizadeh BM, Raeisi P, Babaei J, Firooznia R, Ghozikali MG, Majd SR, Nouri MFB, Zhila K. Environmental health assessment 200 days after earthquake-affected region in East Azerbaijan earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012. TJPH. April 2017;15(1):47-57. doi:10.20518/tjph.326814
Chicago Zeinalzadeh, Alihossein, Behrooz Mohammad Alizadeh, Pouran Raeisi, Javad Babaei, Rozita Firooznia, Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali, Somaieh Roohani Majd, Mohsen Farajallah Bike Nouri, and Khamnian Zhila. “Environmental Health Assessment 200 Days After Earthquake-Affected Region in East Azerbaijan Earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 15, no. 1 (April 2017): 47-57. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.326814.
EndNote Zeinalzadeh A, Alizadeh BM, Raeisi P, Babaei J, Firooznia R, Ghozikali MG, Majd SR, Nouri MFB, Zhila K (April 1, 2017) Environmental health assessment 200 days after earthquake-affected region in East Azerbaijan earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012. Turkish Journal of Public Health 15 1 47–57.
IEEE A. Zeinalzadeh, B. M. Alizadeh, P. Raeisi, J. Babaei, R. Firooznia, M. G. Ghozikali, S. R. Majd, M. F. B. Nouri, and K. Zhila, “Environmental health assessment 200 days after earthquake-affected region in East Azerbaijan earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012”, TJPH, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 47–57, 2017, doi: 10.20518/tjph.326814.
ISNAD Zeinalzadeh, Alihossein et al. “Environmental Health Assessment 200 Days After Earthquake-Affected Region in East Azerbaijan Earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 15/1 (April 2017), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.326814.
JAMA Zeinalzadeh A, Alizadeh BM, Raeisi P, Babaei J, Firooznia R, Ghozikali MG, Majd SR, Nouri MFB, Zhila K. Environmental health assessment 200 days after earthquake-affected region in East Azerbaijan earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012. TJPH. 2017;15:47–57.
MLA Zeinalzadeh, Alihossein et al. “Environmental Health Assessment 200 Days After Earthquake-Affected Region in East Azerbaijan Earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 15, no. 1, 2017, pp. 47-57, doi:10.20518/tjph.326814.
Vancouver Zeinalzadeh A, Alizadeh BM, Raeisi P, Babaei J, Firooznia R, Ghozikali MG, Majd SR, Nouri MFB, Zhila K. Environmental health assessment 200 days after earthquake-affected region in East Azerbaijan earthquake, North-Western of Iran, 2012. TJPH. 2017;15(1):47-5.

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