Kentleşmenin Küçük Menderes Nehir Havzası (Türkiye) Balık Faunasına Etkileri

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 40 - 58, 20.01.2021

Gülşah Saç , Özcan Gaygusuz , Zeynep Dorak , Latife Köker Demo , Fatih Aydın , Reyhan Akçaalan Albay , Meriç Albay

https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.764873

Abstract

Kentleşme, balıkları da kapsayan sucul fauna ve floradaki değişimlerle bağlantılı olup sıklıkla balık çeşitliliği, zenginliği ve yoğunluğunda azalmaya yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, şehirleşme tehdidi altındaki Küçük Menderes Nehir Havzası’nın balık faunası ile bunların bolluklarını belirlemektir. Saha çalışmaları, durgun ve akışlı biyotoplardaki 50 farklı istasyonda sürdürülmüş ve balık örneklemesi elektroşoker, ığrıp ve galsama ağları kullanılarak Kasım 2017 ve Mayıs 2018 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 14 familyaya (Anguillidae, Acheilognathidae, Atherinidae, Blenniidae, Cobitidae, Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Leuciscidae, Mugilidae, Nemacheilidae, Percidae, Poecilidae, Siluridae ve Syngnathidae) ait toplam 21 takson tanımlanmıştır. Cyprinidae dört takson ile en yüksek tür çeşitliliğine sahiptir ve Squalius kosswigi ve Cyprinus carpio en yaygın balık türleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Türler bollukları açısından değerlendirildiğinde, Gambusia holbrooki Hırsız (CPUE = 23.28 adet/dk/m2) ve Kuskudan (CPUE = 24.00 adet/dk/m2) derelerindeki en baskın balık türüdür. Alburnus demiri, Barbus pergamonensis, Cobitis fahireae, Oxynoemacheilus germencicus, Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus ve S. kosswigi havzadaki Anadolu endemikleri iken Atherina boyeri, Carassius auratus, C. gibelio ve Gambusia holbrooki istilacı balık türleridir.

Keywords

su kirliliği, istilacı balıklar, kuraklık, endemik, sulama

Pressure of Urbanisation on the Fish Community Structure in Küçük Menderes River Basin (Turkey)

Abstract

Urbanization is linked to changes in aquatic flora and fauna, including fishes, and it often leads to a decline in fish diversity, richness, and density. This study aims to determine the fish fauna and their abundance in Küçük Menderes River Basin, which is under the threat of urbanization. The field surveys were carried out in 50 different locations in lotic and lentic biotopes, and fish sampling was performed by using electro-shocker, seine-net, and gillnets in November 2017 and May 2018. A total of 21 taxa belonging to 14 families (Anguillidae, Acheilognathidae, Atherinidae, Blenniidae, Cobitidae, Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Leuciscidae, Mugilidae, Nemacheilidae, Percidae, Poecilidae, Siluridae and Syngnathidae) was identified. Cyprinidae has the highest species richness with four taxa and the most commonly found fish species were Squalius kosswigi and Cyprinus carpio. In terms of abundance of species, Gambusia holbrooki was the most dominant fish species in Hırsız (the catch per unit effort = 23.28 n/min/m2) and Kuskudan (the catch per unit effort = 24.00 n/min/m2) streams. While Alburnus demiri, Barbus pergamonensis, Cobitis fahireae, Oxynoemacheilus germencicus, Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus and S. kosswigi are Anatolian endemics, Atherina boyeri, Carassius auratus, C. gibelio and Gambusia holbrooki are the invasive fish species in the basin.

Keywords

water pollution, invasive fish, drought, endemic, irrigation

Supporting Institution

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management

Thanks

This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management

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