Factors Affecting Per Capita Expenditure of Water and Sewerage Administrations in Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 2 - 19, 24.05.2023

Ali İzzet Cengiz , Hüseyin Güven , Mustafa Evren Erşahin , Hale Özgün , Mustafa Tuna , Cumali Kınacı

https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.1182391

Abstract

The per capita expenditure of water and sewerage administrations (WSAs) is an important indicator of their performance and characteristics. In this context, the effects of four parameters were investigated on the per capita expenditure of WSAs of thirty MMs in Türkiye. These parameters were determined as the service time, region, population size and budget of metropolitan municipalities (MMs). According to the results of the study, the WSAs with serving longer time and of high budget MMs had higher per capita expenditures than the others. Moreover, for the region parameter, it was determined that the per capita expenditure of the WSAs was the lowest in the Southeastern Anatolia Region while being the highest in the Marmara Region. A positive correlation was detected between the population size and per capita expenditures of WSAs. Moreover, it was assessed how much of the MMs budget was allocated to the budgets of WSAs for understanding differences among the regions. It was found that similar ratios, approximately 40% of the budgets of the MMs in the other regions except for those in the Black Sea and Central Anatolia Regions were allocated to the budgets of WSAs. On the other hand, a higher percentage of the budgets of Black Sea MMs was allocated to the budgets of the WSAs while allocating a lower percentage of the budgets of Central Anatolia MMs. According to the results, it was proposed that all WSAs should prepare master plans for at least 30 or 40 years to optimize their per capita expenditures and establish a balance between their capital and operating and maintenance costs.

Keywords

Budget allocation, capital cost, metropolitan municipality, operation and maintenance cost, per capita expenditure, water and sewerage administration

Thanks

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Water and Sewerage Administrations for providing data used in the study.

References

• Adamiak, E. B., & Spychalski, P. (2021). Water savings and reduction of costs through the use of a dual water supply system in a sports facility. Sustainable Cities and Society, 66, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102620
• Alıcı, V. O., & Özaslan, K. R. (2018). Analysis of the applicability of performance indicators of water and sewerage utilities. Strategic Public Management Journal, 4(8), 35-51. (in Turkish: Su ve kanalizasyon idarelerinin performans göstergelerinin uygulanabilirliğinin analizi). https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.477175
• Basa, Ş., & Kurt, S. (2017). Smart water management applications in water and sewerage administrations: Tekirdağ example. Journal of Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, C.22, Kayfor15 Özel Sayısı, 1519-1532. (in Turkish: Su ve kanalizasyon idarelerinde akıllı su yönetimi uygulamaları: Tekirdağ örneği). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sduiibfd/issue/53208/706714
• Bene, J.G., Selek, I., & Hős, C. (2010). Neutral search technique for short-term pump schedule optimization. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 136(1), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2010)136:1(133)
• Cinar, T. (2009). Privatisation of urban water and sewerage services in Turkey: some trends. Development in Practice, 19(3), 350-364. http://doi.org/10.1080/09614520902808076
• Lee, S. (2009). Development of public private partnership (PPP) projects in the Chinese water sector. Water Resources Management, 24, 1925–1945. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9531-1
• The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). Financing water supply, sanitation and flood protection: challenges in EU member states and policy options, OECD studies on water. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/6893cdac-en
• Ozgun, H., Cicekalan, B., & Ozturk, I. (2018). Comparative evaluation of tariff solvency rates for the existing water and wastewater management sector in Turkey. Sakarya University Journal of Science Institute, 22(2), 806-815. (in Turkish: Türkiye’de mevcut su ve atıksu yönetim sektörü için tarife ödeme gücü oranlarının karşılaştırılmalı değerlendirilmesi). https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.329934
• Ozturk, I., & Seker., M. (Eds.). (2021). Ecology of the Sea of Marmara: Mucilage formation interactions and solutions. Turkish Academy of Sciences.(in Turkish: Marmara Denizi Ekolojisi: Müsilaj oluşumu etkileşimleri ve çözümleri).
• Sarıkaya, M. S., Kuş, Ç., Aydın, A., Yazıcı, B., Turan, F., Taner, Ö. F., Öztürk, I., Özgün, H., Çiçekalan, B., Goktas, O. C., Aydın, D., & Ebcin, O. (2019). Benchmarking of water and sewerage administrations in Türkiye. Turkish Water Institute. (in Turkish: Büyükşehir Su ve Kanalizasyon İdareleri Arasında Mukayeseli Değerlendirme Çalışması).
• Sarıkaya, M.S., Kuş, Ç., Aydın, A., Biçer, İ.H., Öztürk, I., Fırat, M., Özgün, H., Aydın, D., & Goktas, O.C. (2022). Benchmarking of water and sewerage administrations in Türkiye. Turkish Water Institute. (in Turkish: Büyükşehir Su ve Kanalizasyon İdareleri Arasında Mukayeseli Performans Değerlendirmesi).
• Tuna, M., & Kınacı C. (1999). Evaluation of sewerage construction costs for Turkey. Journal of Water Pollution Control, 9(1), 27-34. (in Turkish: Türkiye için kanalizasyon inşa maliyetlerinin belirlenmesi).
• Association of Drinking Water from Reservoirs, German Association of Energy & Water Industries, German Alliance of Water Management Associations, German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas & Water, German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste & German Association of Local Utilities (Eds.). (2020). Profile of German Water Sector. wvgw Wirtschafts- und Verlagsgesellschaft Gas und Wasser mbH. Retrieved July 1, 2022, from https://en.dwa.de/files/_media/content/07%20Englische%20Homepage/DWA/FINAL_brachen bild_ENGL_wasserwirtschaft_2020_DIN_A4_15032021.pdf
• The Office of Water. (2022). About the Office of Water. United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/about-office-water
• Population projections, 2013-2075. (2013, March 14). TURKSTAT. Retrieved July 11,2022, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Nufus-Projeksiyonlari-2013-2075-15844
• The law no: 2560, The Law on the establishment and duties of the General Directorate of Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration. (1981, November 20). Retrieved June 11, 2022, from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.2560.pdf
• The law no: 6360, The Law on the establishment of metropolitan municipalities and twenty-six districts in thirteen provinces, and amending certain laws and decrees. (2012, December 6). Retrieved June 14, 2022, from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121206-1.htm
• Provincial populations by years. (2021,February 4). TURKSTAT. Retrieved June 11, 2022, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari
• Annual Total Areal Precipitations (n.d). DSİ. Retrieved June 11,2022, from https://www.dsi.gov.tr/Sayfa/Detay/754
• Unsal, A., & Sulku, N. S. (2020). Determination and comparison of development levels between regions: The case of Türkiye. Journal of Turkish World Social Sciences, 95, 177-209. (in Turkish: Bölgeler Arası Gelişmişlik Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi ve Karşılaştırılması: Türkiye Örneği) https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9508
• Water Framework Directive (2000). Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy or, in short, the EU water framework directive, Official Journal of the European Communities, 1-72,327.