Dijital Şeffaflık Kavramı: Uluslararası Literatürün PRISMA Yöntemiyle Sistematik İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 109 - 136, 30.06.2023

Mehmet Keskin , Esra Keloğlu İşler

https://doi.org/10.24146/tk.1283373

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada şeffaflık hakkında yazılmış uluslararası makale, konferans bildirisi, kitap bölümü, gibi çalışmaların bibliyografik olarak incelenerek türdeş alanlı (cross-disciplinary) bir sentez yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda dijital iletişim kanalları yoluyla uygulanan şeffaflık uygulamalarının saptanmasıyla birlikte araştırmaya yön veren sorular 1) Şeffaflıkta kamu sektörü, özel sektör veya yurttaş bakımından hedefler nelerdir? 2) Şeffaflık kimin faydasınadır? 3) Şeffaflıkla ilişkili alt kavram setleri nelerdir? 4) Şeffaflıkla ilgili literatürde üzerinde durulan konular nelerdir? 5) Şeffaflığın gerçekleşmemesi bağlamında hangi engeller vardır? 6) Aşırı şeffaflık veya tam tersine hiç şeffaflığın olmaması durumlarında hangi tehlike, ihlal ve riskler bulunmaktadır? olarak belirlenmiştir.

Yöntem: Araştırmada 2001-2022 (Mart) yılları arasında Web of Science, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect ve JSTOR veri tabanlarında yayınlanmış çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler PRISMA 2020 bildirgesi kullanılarak derlenmiştir. Verilerin kodlanmasında ve kategorize edilmesinde bu çalışma yazarları tarafından geliştirilen “veri toplama formu” kullanılmış ve MAXQDA 20 programı ile analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Veri tabanlarının taranması sonucu tespit edilen 4681 çalışmanın sadece 255'i sistematik derleme için uygun bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmaların neredeyse yarısı Kuzey Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika gibi iki bölgede yoğunlaşmıştır ancak Latin Amerika, Avustralya, Asya ve Afrika’da şeffaflık araştırmalarının eksikliği gözlemlenmiştir. Doküman incelemesi, nitel ve nicel veri toplama yöntemleri arasında en yaygın kullanılan yöntem olarak belirlenirken, deneysel tasarımların kullanımında eksiklik saptanmıştır. Ayrıca dijital mecra araştırma konularına yönelik web tabanlı araştırmaların her yıl düzenli olarak artan bir şekilde çalışıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmaların teknolojideki gelişmelerle birlikte blok zinciri, nesnelerin interneti, artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik gibi alanlara kayabileceği de öngörülmektedir. Araştırmacıların çoğu, kamu sektörü performansını iyileştirebileceği düşüncesiyle, yurttaşlara yönelik bilgi akışının var olduğu şeffaflık çalışmalarına odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca dijital iletişimde, şeffaflığın demokratik eylemler üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğunu gösteren çok sayıda araştırma bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, sadece iletişim bilimleri alanında değil diğer sosyal bilimler disiplinlerinde de sıklıkla atıfta bulunulan şeffaflık konusundaki literatürü gözler önüne sererek teorik ve pratik çalışmalara temel oluşturması bakımından bir katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca dijital iletişim kanallarının şeffaflık kavramıyla ilişkilerini netleştirerek gelecekteki araştırmalar için de faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, şeffaflığın demokratik bir ortamda önemli olduğuna ve dijital iletişim kanallarının bu bağlamdaki önemine işaret etmektedir. Ancak dijital iletişim kanallarının gizlilik ve veri koruması gibi diğer önemli yönleri de göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu nedenle şeffaflık konusuyla ilgili farkındalığın artırılması ve dijital iletişim kanallarının etkileri hakkında daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmalar, şeffaflık kavramının daha iyi anlaşılmasına ve şeffaflık uygulamalarının daha etkili hale getirilmesine yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca dijital iletişim kanallarında veri koruması ve gizlilik konularının da ele alınması gerekmektedir. Tüm bunlar, daha şeffaf ve güvenli bir toplumsal iletişim ortamı yaratmak için atılması gereken önemli adımlardır.

Özgünlük: Dijitalleşmenin ve şeffaflığın ilişkisine dair kavramsal ve kuramsal literatürün detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesi, bu çalışmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmanın gelecekteki araştırmalar için potansiyel alanları belirleyerek mevcut bilgi boşluklarını doldurma açısından da önemli bir katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Dijital şeffaflık, mahremiyet, sistematik literatür taraması, dijital iletişim araçları, PRISMA kontrol listesi

Supporting Institution

YOKTUR

Project Number

Bu çalışma, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü'nde devam eden doktora tezinden üretilmiştir

Thanks

YOKTUR

The Concept of Digital Transparency: A Systematic Analysis of International Literature by Using the PRISMA Method

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to make a cross-disciplinary synthesis by conducting a bibliographic analysis of international articles, conference proceedings, book chapters, etc., written on transparency. In line with this, the research aims to identify transparency practices implemented through digital communication channels and address the following guiding questions: 1) What are the goals of transparency for the public sector, private sector, or citizens? 2) Who benefits from transparency? 3) What are the sub-concepts related to transparency? 4) What are the issues emphasized in the literature on transparency? 5) What are the obstacles to transparency? 6) What are the dangers, violations, and risks in cases of excessive transparency or, conversely, no transparency?

Method: In this research, data obtained from studies published between 2001 and March 2022 in Web of Science, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, and JSTOR databases were analyzed using the PRISMA 2020 statement. The data were coded and categorized using a “data collection form” developed by the authors of this study and analyzed using the MAXQDA 20 software.

Findings: Only 255 of the 4681 studies identified by the database search were eligible for systematic review. Almost half of these studies were concentrated in two regions, Northern Europe and North America, but a lack of transparency research was observed in Latin America, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Document analysis was identified as the most common method of qualitative and quantitative data collection, with a weak trend in the use of experimental designs. In addition, it was determined that web-based studies on digital media research topics are regularly studied each year. It is also predicted that these studies may shift to areas such as blockchain, the Internet of Things, augmented reality, and virtual reality with technological developments. Most researchers focus on transparency studies where information flows to citizens, with the idea that this can improve public sector performance. A large body of research also shows that greater transparency in digital communication positively affects democratic action.

Implications: This study provides an important contribution to transparency research in the field of communication sciences by presenting an interdisciplinary perspective. This work will also be useful for future research by clarifying the relationship between digital communication channels and the concept of transparency. The results of this study show that transparency is important in a democratic environment and emphasizes the importance of digital communication channels in this context. However, other important aspects of digital communication channels, such as privacy and data protection, should also be considered. Therefore, there is a need to raise awareness of transparency and to conduct more research on the effects of digital communication channels. This research can help to better understand the concept of transparency and make transparency practices more effective. There is also a need to address data protection and privacy issues in digital communication channels. Such studies can contribute to a better understanding of the concept of transparency and enhancing transparency practices. Additionally, data protection and privacy issues in digital communication channels should be addressed. All of these steps are crucial for creating a more transparent and secure social communication environment.

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Originality: An in-depth analysis of the theoretical and conceptual literature on the connection between digitalization and transparency highlights the significance of this study. In addition, it is believed that the study can significantly contribute by identifying potential areas for future research and filling existing knowledge gaps.

Keywords

Digital transparency, privacy, systematic literature review, digital media of communication, PRISMA checklist

Project Number

Bu çalışma, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü'nde devam eden doktora tezinden üretilmiştir

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