Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 103 - 109, 30.04.2024
Hakan Karakus
,
Semih Yılmaz
References
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- 2. Preuss H. Lasting Effects of Major Sporting Events. 2006 [cited 2024 Mar 12]; Available from: www.idrottsforum.org
- 3. Chappelet JL. Mega Sporting Event Legacies: A Multifaceted Concept. Papeles de Europa. 2012;25:76–86.
- 4. Weed M. London 2012 Legacy Strategy : Ambitions, promises and implementation plans. Handbook of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games [Internet]. 2012 Dec 20 [cited 2024 Mar 12];87–98. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203132517-9/london-2012-legacy-strategy-mike-weed
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- 7. Holt R, Ruta D. Routledge Handbook of Sport and Legacy, Meeting the Challenge of Major Sports Events. 2015.
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- 9. International Olympic Committee. International Olympic Committee. 2013 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Olympic Legacy. Available from: https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Olympism_in_action/Legacy/2013_Booklet_Legacy.pdf
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- 12. McCartney G, Thomas S, Thomson H, Scott J, Hamilton V, Hanlon P, et al. The health and socioeconomic impacts of major multi-sport events: systematic review (1978-2008). BMJ [Internet]. 2010 May 20 [cited 2024 Mar 12];340(7758):1229. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c2369
- 13. Weed M, Coren E, Fiore J, Mansfield WL, Wellard I, Chatziefstathiou D, et al. A Systematic Review of the Evidence Base for Developing a Physical Activity and Health Legacy From the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games by Centre for Sport, Physical Education and Activity Research (SPEAR) [Internet]. London; 2009 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://research.canterbury.ac.uk/centre-for-sport-physical-education-and-activity-research/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2021/06/DofH-Olympic-Research.pdf
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- 15. UK Government, Mayor of London. Inspired by 2012: The legacy from the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games [Internet]. London; 2013 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: www.gov.uk
- 16. Yildirim A, Simsek H. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri [Internet]. 2nd ed. Ankara; 2002 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. 140–143 p. Available from: https://www.turcademy.com/tr/kitap/sosyal-bilimlerde-nitel-arastirma-yontemleri-9789750269820
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- 20. Karakuş H. Interview with Turkish National Olympic Committee Deputy Secretary General Yalçın Aksoy. [İstanbul]; 2018.
- 21. Gökçe O. İçerik Analizi : Kuramsal ve Pratik Bilgiler [Internet]. Siyasal Yayınevi. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi; 2006 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. 83 p. Available from: https://books.google.com/books/about/%C4%B0%C3%A7erik_analizi.html?hl=tr&id=xKFbewAACAAJ
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- 23. Department for Culture Media and Sport. Beyond 2012: The London Legacy Story [Internet]. London; 2012 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7976aaed915d07d35b5b72/DCMS_Beyond_2012_Legacy_Story.pdf
- 24. University of East London. Olympic Games Impact Study-London 2012 Pre-Games Report [Internet]. London; 2010 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://uel.ac.uk/sites/default/files/pre-games-ogi-report.pdf
- 25. Lauermann J. Legacy after the bid? The impact of bidding to host Olympic Games on urban development planning [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/32532/legacy-after-the-bid-the-impact-of-bidding-to-host-olympic-games-on-urban-development-planning-john-?_lg=en-GB
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- 27. Bryant M. We failed to build on Olympic legacy, says gold-winner Greg. Evening Standard. 2015 Aug 5;19.
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- 29. Dickson TJ, Benson AM, Blackman DA. Developing a framework for evaluating Olympic and Paralympic legacies. Journal of Sport and Tourism. 2011;16(4).
- 30. Li S, Mccabe S. Measuring the socio-economic legacies of mega-events: Concepts, propositions and indicators. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2013;15(4).
- 31. Scheu A, Preuß H, Könecke T. The Legacy of the Olympic Games: A Review. Journal of Global Sport Management. 2021 Jul 3;6(3):212–33.
- 32. Girginov V, Preuss H. Towards a conceptual definition of intangible Olympic legacy. [cited 2024 Mar 12]; Available from: https://www.emerald.com/insight/1758-2954.htm
- 33. Koutrou N, Pappous A, Johnson A. Post-Event Volunteering Legacy: Did the London 2012 Games Induce a Sustainable Volunteer Engagement? Sustainability 2016, Vol 8, Page 1221 [Internet]. 2016 Nov 24 [cited 2024 Mar 12];8(12):1221. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/12/1221/htm
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- 35. Hoff KJ, Leopkey B. Non-Host City Olympic Legacies: The Case of Athens, Georgia and the 1996 Olympic Games. Journal of Global Sport Management. 2021;6(3).
MEGA SPORTING EVENTS AND LEGACY
Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 103 - 109, 30.04.2024
Hakan Karakus
,
Semih Yılmaz
Abstract
The cost of hosting or bidding for mega sporting events requires a substantial investment, and this expenditure continues to rise each year. So, what remains of these huge investments after the Olympic and Paralympic games took place?
In this study, the subjects of “Mega Sports Events” and “Legacy” will be defined and explained with a wide scale of sources. The aim is to set a platform to generate social benefits at maximum levels from the host or bidding cities of the mega or major sporting events. In the light of this aim, the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will be a good example to see what has been done through the process of hosting a mega sporting event in the perspective of tangible and intangible legacies.
It is obvious that despite the huge amount of costs of hosting or bidding mega sporting events, the cities can’t get enough benefits from the organizations. These obstacles give a good reason for this study to show the cities how to utilize the mega sporting events at most.
References
- 1. Hornby AS. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. 8th Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
- 2. Preuss H. Lasting Effects of Major Sporting Events. 2006 [cited 2024 Mar 12]; Available from: www.idrottsforum.org
- 3. Chappelet JL. Mega Sporting Event Legacies: A Multifaceted Concept. Papeles de Europa. 2012;25:76–86.
- 4. Weed M. London 2012 Legacy Strategy : Ambitions, promises and implementation plans. Handbook of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games [Internet]. 2012 Dec 20 [cited 2024 Mar 12];87–98. Available from: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203132517-9/london-2012-legacy-strategy-mike-weed
- 5. Cashman R. The Bitter-Sweet Awakening: The Legacy of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. 2006 [cited 2024 Mar 12];310. Available from: https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/11610
- 6. Preuss H. The impact and evaluation of major sporting events [Internet]. Routledge; 2008 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.routledge.com/The-Impact-and-Evaluation-of-Major-Sporting-Events/Preuss/p/book/9780415494892
- 7. Holt R, Ruta D. Routledge Handbook of Sport and Legacy, Meeting the Challenge of Major Sports Events. 2015.
- 8. Scheu A, Preuß H, Könecke T. The Legacy of the Olympic Games: A Review. Journal of Global Sport Management. 2021;6(3):212–33.
- 9. International Olympic Committee. International Olympic Committee. 2013 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Olympic Legacy. Available from: https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Olympism_in_action/Legacy/2013_Booklet_Legacy.pdf
- 10. Girginov V, Hills L. The political process of constructing a sustainable London Olympics sports development legacy. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics [Internet]. 2009 Jul 15 [cited 2024 Mar 12];1(2):161–81. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19406940902950713
- 11. Veal AJ, Toohey K, Frawley S. Olympic Games and other international sporting events hosted in Australia. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2024 Mar 12];4(2):155–84. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rprt20
- 12. McCartney G, Thomas S, Thomson H, Scott J, Hamilton V, Hanlon P, et al. The health and socioeconomic impacts of major multi-sport events: systematic review (1978-2008). BMJ [Internet]. 2010 May 20 [cited 2024 Mar 12];340(7758):1229. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c2369
- 13. Weed M, Coren E, Fiore J, Mansfield WL, Wellard I, Chatziefstathiou D, et al. A Systematic Review of the Evidence Base for Developing a Physical Activity and Health Legacy From the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games by Centre for Sport, Physical Education and Activity Research (SPEAR) [Internet]. London; 2009 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://research.canterbury.ac.uk/centre-for-sport-physical-education-and-activity-research/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2021/06/DofH-Olympic-Research.pdf
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- 15. UK Government, Mayor of London. Inspired by 2012: The legacy from the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games [Internet]. London; 2013 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: www.gov.uk
- 16. Yildirim A, Simsek H. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri [Internet]. 2nd ed. Ankara; 2002 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. 140–143 p. Available from: https://www.turcademy.com/tr/kitap/sosyal-bilimlerde-nitel-arastirma-yontemleri-9789750269820
- 17. Corbetta P. Social Research: Theory, Methods and Techniques. Social Research: Theory, Methods and Techniques. London: SAGE Publications, Ltd; 2003.
- 18. Madge J. The Tools of Science An Analytical Description of Social Scince Techniques. Anchor Books Doubleday and Comp.; 1965.
- 19. Geray H. Toplumsal Araştırmalarda Nicel ve Nitel Yöntemlere Giriş [Internet]. Siyasal Yayınevi. Ankara: Siyasal Yayınevi; 2006 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.siyasalkitap.com/toplumsal-arastirmalarda-nicel-ve-nitel-yontemlere-giris-2
- 20. Karakuş H. Interview with Turkish National Olympic Committee Deputy Secretary General Yalçın Aksoy. [İstanbul]; 2018.
- 21. Gökçe O. İçerik Analizi : Kuramsal ve Pratik Bilgiler [Internet]. Siyasal Yayınevi. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi; 2006 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. 83 p. Available from: https://books.google.com/books/about/%C4%B0%C3%A7erik_analizi.html?hl=tr&id=xKFbewAACAAJ
- 22. International Olympic Committee. Factsheet London 2012 Facts & Figures [Internet]. Lausanne; 2012 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/London_2012_Facts_and_Figures-eng.pdf
- 23. Department for Culture Media and Sport. Beyond 2012: The London Legacy Story [Internet]. London; 2012 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7976aaed915d07d35b5b72/DCMS_Beyond_2012_Legacy_Story.pdf
- 24. University of East London. Olympic Games Impact Study-London 2012 Pre-Games Report [Internet]. London; 2010 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://uel.ac.uk/sites/default/files/pre-games-ogi-report.pdf
- 25. Lauermann J. Legacy after the bid? The impact of bidding to host Olympic Games on urban development planning [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/32532/legacy-after-the-bid-the-impact-of-bidding-to-host-olympic-games-on-urban-development-planning-john-?_lg=en-GB
- 26. Cabinet Office U. The Coalition: Our programme for government. London; 2010.
- 27. Bryant M. We failed to build on Olympic legacy, says gold-winner Greg. Evening Standard. 2015 Aug 5;19.
- 28. BBC. Rio 2016: Great Britain medal target set for Olympics & Paralympics - BBC Sport [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2024 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36792200
- 29. Dickson TJ, Benson AM, Blackman DA. Developing a framework for evaluating Olympic and Paralympic legacies. Journal of Sport and Tourism. 2011;16(4).
- 30. Li S, Mccabe S. Measuring the socio-economic legacies of mega-events: Concepts, propositions and indicators. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2013;15(4).
- 31. Scheu A, Preuß H, Könecke T. The Legacy of the Olympic Games: A Review. Journal of Global Sport Management. 2021 Jul 3;6(3):212–33.
- 32. Girginov V, Preuss H. Towards a conceptual definition of intangible Olympic legacy. [cited 2024 Mar 12]; Available from: https://www.emerald.com/insight/1758-2954.htm
- 33. Koutrou N, Pappous A, Johnson A. Post-Event Volunteering Legacy: Did the London 2012 Games Induce a Sustainable Volunteer Engagement? Sustainability 2016, Vol 8, Page 1221 [Internet]. 2016 Nov 24 [cited 2024 Mar 12];8(12):1221. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/12/1221/htm
- 34. Wang N, Jiang Y. Legacy of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games. The Innovation. 2021 Nov;2(4):100178.
- 35. Hoff KJ, Leopkey B. Non-Host City Olympic Legacies: The Case of Athens, Georgia and the 1996 Olympic Games. Journal of Global Sport Management. 2021;6(3).