Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Plant Density on Leaf Mineral Element Contents, Capsule Yield, Seed Yield and Morphine Ratio of Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Genotypes

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 11 - 24, 27.03.2020

Birsen Karabük Kudret Kevseroğlu Zeynep Demir

https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.595974

Abstract

Plant density for poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) and impacts of genotype and nitrogen fertilizer dose applications on total ash, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu contents on poppy leaves, capsule yield, seed yield and morphine ratio were investigated. Two plant density (SD1: 25 plants per m2, SD2: 16 plants per m2), four poppy genotypes (Zaferyolu, Tınaztepe, Ofis 3 and Local line) and four nitrogen fertilizer dose (0, 6, 12 and 18 kg da-1) were used. Experiments were conducted in randomized complete block, split-split plots design with 3 replications for 2 years (2009/10 and 2010/11). While the effect of plant density x nitrogen dose x genotype interaction was statistically significant in terms of the total ash (p<0.01), mineral elements of poppy leaves, capsule yield and seed yield, it was not significant for morphine ratio. The highest capsule yield and seed yield (134.30 kg da-1 and 161.11 kg da-1) were obtained in 12 kg da-1 N treatment of local line genotype at SD1 plant density and the lowest capsule yield and seed yield (67.22 kg da-1 and 76.53 kg da-1) were observed in the without nitrogen of Tınaztepe genotype at SD2 plant density, respectively. Morphine ratios were determined as 0.445%, 0.508%, 0.570% and 0.597% according to N doses (0, 6, 12 ve 18 kg da-1), respectively. With regard to plant density, SD1 (25 plants per m2) was prominent for majority of investigated parameters. As compared to other genotypes, Ofis 3 genotype can be recommended 12 kg da-1 N treatment in terms of mineral nutrient contents of poppy leaves and morphine ratio at SD1 plant density.

Keywords

Poppy, genotype, mineral elements, nitrogen, sowing density, yield

Haşhaş (Papaver Somniferum L.) Genotiplerinde Ekim Sıklığı ile Azotlu Gübrelemenin Haşhaş Yapraklarının Mineral Madde İçerikleri, Kapsül Verimi, Tohum Verimi ve Morfin Oranı Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Haşhaşta (Papaver Somniferum L.) ekim sıklığı, genotip ve azotlu gübre dozu uygulamalarının haşhaş yapraklarında toplam kül, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu içerikleri, kapsül verimi, tohum verimi ve morfin oranı üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada iki ekim sıklığı (SD1: serpme ekim, m2’de yaklaşık 25 bitki, SD2: sıraya ekim, m2’de 16 bitki), dört haşhaş genotipi (Zaferyolu, Tınaztepe, Ofis 3 ve Yerel hat) ve dört azotlu gübre dozu (0, 6, 12 ve 18 kg da-1) kullanılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Ekim sıklığı x azot dozu x genotip interaksiyonu haşhaş yapraklarının toplam kül, mineral elementler, kapsül ve tohum verimi bakımından istatistiksel olarak önemli iken (p<0.01), morfin oranı bakımından önemsiz bulunmuştur. En yüksek kapsül verimi ve tohum verimi (134.30 kg da-1 and 161.11 kg da-1) SD1 ekim sıklığında 12 kg N da-1 uygulanan yerel hat genotipinde ve en düşük kapsül verimi ve tohum verimi (67.22 kg da-1 and 76.53 kg da-1) SD2 ekim sıklığında N uygulanmayan Tınaztepe genotipinden elde edilmiştir. Bu uygulamadan elde edilen morfin oranları N dozlarına (0, 6, 12 ve 18 kg da-1) göre sırası ile %0.445, %0.508, %0.570 ve %0.597 olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer genotip çeşitleriyle (Zaferyolu, Tınaztepe ve Yerel hat) karşılaştırıldığında, Toprak Mahsülleri Ofisinin tavsiye ettiği Ofis 3 çeşidine ait haşhaş bitki yaprağının makro ve mikro besin içeriklerinin ve morfin oranının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

azot dozları, ekim metotları, genotip, Haşhaş, mineral elementler, morfin oranı, verim

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