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The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 553 - 566, 19.12.2022

Emre Erbaş

Abstract

Can gastronomy, as a social identity reflecting society, be used as an effective tool in community-based development and the transformation of tourism? In this study, we are looking for a deep yes to the answer to this question by using the narratives of Ebru Baybara Demir, who is known globally as a social gastronomy chef and who has been effective with social gastronomy entrepreneurship in the transformation of a terror-stricken city into a community-based tourism destination. To gain a comprehensive understanding of such a social ecological change, a strategy-as-practice perspective will provide a theoretical foundation by demonstrating how social microprocesses exposed such a macro outcome. Reflexive thematic analysis and interpretive structural modeling, as a mixed method research design, will also help decision makers and researchers to gain a designing perspective such an intricate nature of this ecology.

Keywords

Social entrepreneurship social gastronomy social ecology strategy-as-practice mixed-method

References

  • Agro TV Turkey (2021 April 08). Sorgül Buğdayı Üretimi ve Kırsal Tarımda Kırsal Turizm [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0uOe0p9bmg
  • Alper Sesli (2021 February 21). 7. program konuğum; Sn. Ebru Baybara Demir, Konumuz ise "Bir Hikaye Olmak".. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFmGD-uBdSc
  • Altinay, L., Sigala, M., and Waligo, V. (2016). Social value creation through tourism enterprise. Tourism Management, 54, 404-417.
  • Archibald, M. M., Radil, A. I., Zhang, X. & Hanson, W. E. (2015). Current mixed methods practices in qualitative research: a content analysis of leading journals. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2, 5-33.
  • Aquino, R. S., Lück, M. and Schänzel, H. A. (2018). A conceptual framework of tourism social entrepreneurship for sustainable community development. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 23-32.
  • Bauman, Z. (2010). Hermeneutics and social science: Approaches to understanding. Routledge. Braun, V., and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101.
  • Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. London: Sage.
  • Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise & Health, 11(4), 589-597.
  • Brennan and Kirwan, (2015). Audit committees: practices, practitioners and praxis of governance. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 28(4), 466-493.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Clarke, J. (1997). A social ecology. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 8(3), 3-33.
  • Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Gutmann, M., and Hanson, W. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In Tashakkori, A. & Teddlie, C. (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp. 209-240). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Creamer, E. G. (2018). An Introduction to Fully Integrated Mixed Methods Research. USA: SAGE. Denis. J. L., Langley, A. and Rouleau, L. ( 2004 ). Studying strategizing in pluralistic contexts: A methodological agenda. Paper presented at EGOS Conference , Ljubljana, 1-3 July.
  • Desa, G., and Koch, J. L. (2014). Scaling social impact: Building sustainable social ventures at the base-of-the-pyramid. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 146-174.
  • Domecq, C. F., Jong, A. D. and Williams, A. M. (2020). Gender, tourism and entrepreneurship: A critical review. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102980.
  • Drucker, P.F. (2002), The discipline of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 80(8), 95-103.
  • Erbaş, E. (2019). Social business model and sharing economy for community-based tourism development: A case study of Lisinia Doğa. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy, 7(4), 2399-2417.
  • Erbaş, E. and Ongun, U. (2021). Managerial capabilities of a CBTI in transforming communities into CBTEs, In Waila, S. K. (Ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Community-Based Tourism Management (pp. 273-284), London: Routledge.
  • Eris, E. D. Pirnar, I. and Celebi, D. (2022). Experimental social entrepreneurship model in gastronomy: The case of Ebru Baybara Demir as a social gastronomy entrepreneur. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 27, 1-8.
  • Fan, J. E. (2013). Can ideas about food inspire real social change? The case of Peruvian gastronomy, Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture, 13(2), 29-40.
  • Feldman, M. S. and Orlikowski, W. J. (2011). Theorizing practice and practicing. Organization Science, 22(5), 1240-1253.
  • Foodontheedge.ie (accessed, June 1: https://foodontheedge.ie/speaker/ebru-demir/)
  • Global Gastroekonomi Zirvesi (2019 March 19). 2. Global Gastroekonomi Zirvesi: Ebru Baybara Demı̇r [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tESExKs1Azg
  • Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
  • Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., and Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3), 255-274.
  • Guest, G., Namey, E., and Chen, M. (2020). A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLoS ONE, 15(5), 1-17. Jarzabkowski, P., Balogun, J. and Seidl, D. (2007). Strategizing: The challenges of a practice perspective. Human Relations, 60(1), 5-27.
  • Jørgensen, M. T., Hansen, A. V., Sørensen, F., Fuglsang, L., Sundbo, J. and Jensen, J. F. (2021). Collective tourism social entrepreneurship: A means for community mobilization and social transformation. Annals of Tourism Research, 88, 103-171.
  • Kanal 5 (2021 March 16). Kadın Girişimciliği ve Kooperatifçilik - Sosyal Girişimci - Şef Ebru Baybara Demir, Gündem Tarım'da [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX0zn-_kqw0
  • Kimbu,A. N., Jong, A. D., Adam, I., Ribeiro, M. A., Afenyo-Agbe, E., Adeola, O. and Domecq, C. F. (2021). Recontextualising gender in entrepreneurial leadership. Annals of Tourism Research, 88, 103176.
  • Kleinaltenkamp, M., Conduit, J., Plewa, C., Karpen, I. O. and Jaakkola, E. (2021). Engagement-driven institutionalization in market shaping: Synchronizing and stabilizing collective engagement. Industrial Marketing Management, 99, 69-78.
  • Kline, C., Shaw, N. and Rubright, H. (2014). Applying the positive theory of social entrepreneurship to understand food entrepreneurs and their operations. Tourism Planning and Development, 11(3), 330-342.
  • Kouame, S. and Langley, A. (2017). Relating microprocesses to macro-outcomes in qualitative strategy process and practice research. Strategic Management Journal, 39, 559-581.
  • Lange, D. R. and Dodds, E. (2017). Increasing sustainable tourism through social entrepreneurship. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(7), 1977-2002.
  • Lasso, A., and Dahles, H. (2018). Are tourism livelihoods sustainable? Tourism development and economic transformation on komodo island, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(5), 473-485.
  • Marsden, S. J. (2020). ‘Squid Inc’: Designing transformative food experiences (52-58), In Experiencing Food, Designing Sustainable and Social Practices, (Eds. Ricardo Bonacho, Maria José Pires, Elsa Cristina Carona de Sousa Lamy) CRC Press, 2020.
  • Morgan, D. L. (1998). Practical Strategies for combining qualitative and quantitative methods: Applications. Qualitative Health Research, 8, 362-376.
  • Navarro-Dols, J. and Gonzalez-Pernia, J. L. (2020). Gastronomy as a real agent of social change. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 21, 1-7.
  • Newbert, S. L., and Hill, R. P. (2014). Setting the stage for paradigm development: A ‘smalltent’ approach to social entrepreneurship. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 243-269.
  • Nilay Örnek (2021 June 04). Podcast 117. Bölüm - Ebru Baybara Demir [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVzuUBm1xFY
  • Nzabonimpa, J. P. (2018). Quantitizing and qualitizing (im-)possibilities in mixed methods research. Methodological Innovations, May-August, 1-16.
  • Oppong, S. (2014). Between Bandura and Giddens: Structuration theory in social Psychological research? Psychological Thought, 7(2), 111-123.
  • Rinaldi, C. (2017). Food and Gastronomy for Sustainable Place Development: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Different Theoretical Approaches. Sustainability, 9, 1748. Schatzki, T. R., Cetina, K. K., & von Savigny, E. (2001). The practice turn in contemporary theory. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, (2021, January 30) Turizmde Kariyer Söyleşileri: "Toprağın Kadınları" [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahuGCceIQ8Q
  • StroyBox (2021 March 4). Dünyanın En İyi 10 Şefi Arasında | Mardinli Ebru Baybara Demir’in Film Gibi Hikayesi [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClF153ROSRc
  • TEDx Talks (2017 June 05). Yola çıktım Mardin’e | On my way to Mardin | 2017 | Ebru Baybara Demir | TEDxReset [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDVJ47KYXBw
  • Shaw, E., and Carter, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: Theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(3), 418-434.
  • Sheldon, P. J., Pollock, A., and Daniele, R. (2017). Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Setting the stage. In P. Sheldon and R. Daniele (Eds.), Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Philosophy and practice, Springer.
  • Social Entrepreneurship Graduate Fellowship. (2009). NYU Reynolds graduate fellowship. Retrieved (May 1, 2021) from www.nyu.edu/reynolds/grad/
  • Tsoukas (2010). Practice, strategy making and intentionality: a Heideggerian onto-epistemology for strategy as practice (pp. 49-62). Golsorkhi, D., Rouleau, L., Siedl, D., Vaara, E. (Eds.). Cambridge Handbook Strategy As Practice. USA, Cambridge.
  • Vaara, E. and Whittington, R. (2012). Strategy-as-Practice: Taking Social Practices Seriously. The Academy of Management Journal, 6(1), 285-336.
  • Yoopetch, C. (2021). Women empowerment, attitude toward risk-taking and entrepreneurial intention in the hospitality industry. Internatıonal Journal of Culture, Tourısm And Hospitality Research, 15(1), 59-76.
  • Warfield, J. W. (1974). Developing interconnected matrices in structural modeling. IEEE Transcript on Systems Men and Cybernetics, 4(1), 51-81.
  • Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. In Foundations for organizational science, London 1995. Sage Publications.
  • Whittington, R. (2006). Completing the practice turn in strategy research. Organization Studies, 27(5), 613-634.
  • Whittington, R. (2018). Greatness takes practice: On practice theory’s relevance to “great strategy”. Strategy Science, 3(1), 343-351.

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 553 - 566, 19.12.2022

Emre Erbaş

Abstract

References

  • Agro TV Turkey (2021 April 08). Sorgül Buğdayı Üretimi ve Kırsal Tarımda Kırsal Turizm [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0uOe0p9bmg
  • Alper Sesli (2021 February 21). 7. program konuğum; Sn. Ebru Baybara Demir, Konumuz ise "Bir Hikaye Olmak".. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFmGD-uBdSc
  • Altinay, L., Sigala, M., and Waligo, V. (2016). Social value creation through tourism enterprise. Tourism Management, 54, 404-417.
  • Archibald, M. M., Radil, A. I., Zhang, X. & Hanson, W. E. (2015). Current mixed methods practices in qualitative research: a content analysis of leading journals. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2, 5-33.
  • Aquino, R. S., Lück, M. and Schänzel, H. A. (2018). A conceptual framework of tourism social entrepreneurship for sustainable community development. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 23-32.
  • Bauman, Z. (2010). Hermeneutics and social science: Approaches to understanding. Routledge. Braun, V., and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101.
  • Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. London: Sage.
  • Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise & Health, 11(4), 589-597.
  • Brennan and Kirwan, (2015). Audit committees: practices, practitioners and praxis of governance. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 28(4), 466-493.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Clarke, J. (1997). A social ecology. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 8(3), 3-33.
  • Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Gutmann, M., and Hanson, W. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In Tashakkori, A. & Teddlie, C. (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp. 209-240). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
  • Creamer, E. G. (2018). An Introduction to Fully Integrated Mixed Methods Research. USA: SAGE. Denis. J. L., Langley, A. and Rouleau, L. ( 2004 ). Studying strategizing in pluralistic contexts: A methodological agenda. Paper presented at EGOS Conference , Ljubljana, 1-3 July.
  • Desa, G., and Koch, J. L. (2014). Scaling social impact: Building sustainable social ventures at the base-of-the-pyramid. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 146-174.
  • Domecq, C. F., Jong, A. D. and Williams, A. M. (2020). Gender, tourism and entrepreneurship: A critical review. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102980.
  • Drucker, P.F. (2002), The discipline of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 80(8), 95-103.
  • Erbaş, E. (2019). Social business model and sharing economy for community-based tourism development: A case study of Lisinia Doğa. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy, 7(4), 2399-2417.
  • Erbaş, E. and Ongun, U. (2021). Managerial capabilities of a CBTI in transforming communities into CBTEs, In Waila, S. K. (Ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Community-Based Tourism Management (pp. 273-284), London: Routledge.
  • Eris, E. D. Pirnar, I. and Celebi, D. (2022). Experimental social entrepreneurship model in gastronomy: The case of Ebru Baybara Demir as a social gastronomy entrepreneur. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 27, 1-8.
  • Fan, J. E. (2013). Can ideas about food inspire real social change? The case of Peruvian gastronomy, Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture, 13(2), 29-40.
  • Feldman, M. S. and Orlikowski, W. J. (2011). Theorizing practice and practicing. Organization Science, 22(5), 1240-1253.
  • Foodontheedge.ie (accessed, June 1: https://foodontheedge.ie/speaker/ebru-demir/)
  • Global Gastroekonomi Zirvesi (2019 March 19). 2. Global Gastroekonomi Zirvesi: Ebru Baybara Demı̇r [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tESExKs1Azg
  • Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
  • Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., and Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3), 255-274.
  • Guest, G., Namey, E., and Chen, M. (2020). A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLoS ONE, 15(5), 1-17. Jarzabkowski, P., Balogun, J. and Seidl, D. (2007). Strategizing: The challenges of a practice perspective. Human Relations, 60(1), 5-27.
  • Jørgensen, M. T., Hansen, A. V., Sørensen, F., Fuglsang, L., Sundbo, J. and Jensen, J. F. (2021). Collective tourism social entrepreneurship: A means for community mobilization and social transformation. Annals of Tourism Research, 88, 103-171.
  • Kanal 5 (2021 March 16). Kadın Girişimciliği ve Kooperatifçilik - Sosyal Girişimci - Şef Ebru Baybara Demir, Gündem Tarım'da [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX0zn-_kqw0
  • Kimbu,A. N., Jong, A. D., Adam, I., Ribeiro, M. A., Afenyo-Agbe, E., Adeola, O. and Domecq, C. F. (2021). Recontextualising gender in entrepreneurial leadership. Annals of Tourism Research, 88, 103176.
  • Kleinaltenkamp, M., Conduit, J., Plewa, C., Karpen, I. O. and Jaakkola, E. (2021). Engagement-driven institutionalization in market shaping: Synchronizing and stabilizing collective engagement. Industrial Marketing Management, 99, 69-78.
  • Kline, C., Shaw, N. and Rubright, H. (2014). Applying the positive theory of social entrepreneurship to understand food entrepreneurs and their operations. Tourism Planning and Development, 11(3), 330-342.
  • Kouame, S. and Langley, A. (2017). Relating microprocesses to macro-outcomes in qualitative strategy process and practice research. Strategic Management Journal, 39, 559-581.
  • Lange, D. R. and Dodds, E. (2017). Increasing sustainable tourism through social entrepreneurship. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(7), 1977-2002.
  • Lasso, A., and Dahles, H. (2018). Are tourism livelihoods sustainable? Tourism development and economic transformation on komodo island, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(5), 473-485.
  • Marsden, S. J. (2020). ‘Squid Inc’: Designing transformative food experiences (52-58), In Experiencing Food, Designing Sustainable and Social Practices, (Eds. Ricardo Bonacho, Maria José Pires, Elsa Cristina Carona de Sousa Lamy) CRC Press, 2020.
  • Morgan, D. L. (1998). Practical Strategies for combining qualitative and quantitative methods: Applications. Qualitative Health Research, 8, 362-376.
  • Navarro-Dols, J. and Gonzalez-Pernia, J. L. (2020). Gastronomy as a real agent of social change. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 21, 1-7.
  • Newbert, S. L., and Hill, R. P. (2014). Setting the stage for paradigm development: A ‘smalltent’ approach to social entrepreneurship. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 243-269.
  • Nilay Örnek (2021 June 04). Podcast 117. Bölüm - Ebru Baybara Demir [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVzuUBm1xFY
  • Nzabonimpa, J. P. (2018). Quantitizing and qualitizing (im-)possibilities in mixed methods research. Methodological Innovations, May-August, 1-16.
  • Oppong, S. (2014). Between Bandura and Giddens: Structuration theory in social Psychological research? Psychological Thought, 7(2), 111-123.
  • Rinaldi, C. (2017). Food and Gastronomy for Sustainable Place Development: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Different Theoretical Approaches. Sustainability, 9, 1748. Schatzki, T. R., Cetina, K. K., & von Savigny, E. (2001). The practice turn in contemporary theory. London: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, (2021, January 30) Turizmde Kariyer Söyleşileri: "Toprağın Kadınları" [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahuGCceIQ8Q
  • StroyBox (2021 March 4). Dünyanın En İyi 10 Şefi Arasında | Mardinli Ebru Baybara Demir’in Film Gibi Hikayesi [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClF153ROSRc
  • TEDx Talks (2017 June 05). Yola çıktım Mardin’e | On my way to Mardin | 2017 | Ebru Baybara Demir | TEDxReset [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDVJ47KYXBw
  • Shaw, E., and Carter, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: Theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(3), 418-434.
  • Sheldon, P. J., Pollock, A., and Daniele, R. (2017). Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Setting the stage. In P. Sheldon and R. Daniele (Eds.), Social entrepreneurship and tourism: Philosophy and practice, Springer.
  • Social Entrepreneurship Graduate Fellowship. (2009). NYU Reynolds graduate fellowship. Retrieved (May 1, 2021) from www.nyu.edu/reynolds/grad/
  • Tsoukas (2010). Practice, strategy making and intentionality: a Heideggerian onto-epistemology for strategy as practice (pp. 49-62). Golsorkhi, D., Rouleau, L., Siedl, D., Vaara, E. (Eds.). Cambridge Handbook Strategy As Practice. USA, Cambridge.
  • Vaara, E. and Whittington, R. (2012). Strategy-as-Practice: Taking Social Practices Seriously. The Academy of Management Journal, 6(1), 285-336.
  • Yoopetch, C. (2021). Women empowerment, attitude toward risk-taking and entrepreneurial intention in the hospitality industry. Internatıonal Journal of Culture, Tourısm And Hospitality Research, 15(1), 59-76.
  • Warfield, J. W. (1974). Developing interconnected matrices in structural modeling. IEEE Transcript on Systems Men and Cybernetics, 4(1), 51-81.
  • Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. In Foundations for organizational science, London 1995. Sage Publications.
  • Whittington, R. (2006). Completing the practice turn in strategy research. Organization Studies, 27(5), 613-634.
  • Whittington, R. (2018). Greatness takes practice: On practice theory’s relevance to “great strategy”. Strategy Science, 3(1), 343-351.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emre Erbaş 0000-0003-3595-8676

Publication Date December 19, 2022
Submission Date September 19, 2022
Acceptance Date November 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erbaş, E. (2022). The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 9(2), 553-566.
AMA Erbaş E. The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. December 2022;9(2):553-566.
Chicago Erbaş, Emre. “The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 9, no. 2 (December 2022): 553-66.
EndNote Erbaş E (December 1, 2022) The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 9 2 553–566.
IEEE E. Erbaş, “The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice”, Turizm Akademik Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 553–566, 2022.
ISNAD Erbaş, Emre. “The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 9/2 (December 2022), 553-566.
JAMA Erbaş E. The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2022;9:553–566.
MLA Erbaş, Emre. “The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2022, pp. 553-66.
Vancouver Erbaş E. The Power of Social Gastronomy Entrepreneurship in Transforming A Terror-Stricken City into A Tourism Destination: A Case Study Practice. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2022;9(2):553-66.
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