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A Research on Determining the Effect of the Satisfactions Perceived by Domestic Tourists on Intention to Visit

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: Ek 1, 46 - 53, 09.11.2020

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to measure the perceptions of destination satisfaction of domestic tourists visiting Side town in Antalya and to determine the effect of perceived satisfaction on the intention to visit the destination again. 500 questionnaires prepared in this context were delivered to domestic tourists who visited Side destination between 1 September-30 November 2019 by face-to-face communication. 35 of the returned questionnaires were excluded from evaluation since the same answer option was coded for each question and 25 of them were excluded from evaluation since more than 50% of the answer codes were left blank. According to the results of the study (SPSS); accommodation service satisfaction (ASS), transportation service satisfaction (TSS), destination cleanliness and protection satisfaction (DCPS), destination tourist activity and attraction satisfaction (DTAAS), destination hospitality satisfaction (DHS) and destination touristic price satisfaction (DTPS) were determined as the dimensions of the scale of satisfaction evaluation of domestic tourists. Satisfaction levels of domestic tourists were realized from accommodation businesses, tourist activities and attractions, transportation services, hospitality, cleanliness and protection and tourist prices in order. Domestic tourists rated their intention to visit the destination again at a high and positive level ( =3,96). In addition, it was determined that cleanliness and protection, tourist activities and attractions, hospitality and price dimensions of satisfaction had a significant and positive effect on the intention to visit the destination again.

References

  • Abdulla, S. A. M., Khalifa, G. S. A., Abuelhassan, A. E. & Ghosh, A. (2019). Antecedents of Dubai Revisit Intention: The Role of Destination Service Quality and Tourist Satisfaction. Restaurant Business, 118(10), 307-316.
  • Albayrak, T. & Caber, M. (2011). Önem-Performans Analizi: Destinasyon Yönetimine Dair Bir Örnek. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(4), 627-638.
  • Huete-Alcocer, N. & Lopez-Ruiz, R. V. (2020). The Role of Destination Image in Tourist Satisfaction: The Case of a Heritage Site. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 2444-2461.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2007). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı (5th ed.). Sakarya: Sakarya Publishing.
  • Anton C., Camarero C. & Laguna-Garcia, M. (2014). Towards a New Approach of Destination Loyalty Drivers: Satisfaction, Visit Intensity and Tourist Motivations. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(3), 238-260.
  • Arasli, H. & Baradarani, S. (2014). European Tourist Perspective on Destination Satisfaction in Jordan’s Industries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1416-1425.
  • Beqiri, M., Borici, A. B. A. & Dergjini, A. (2014). An Empirical Study of Service Quality Factors Impacting Tourist Satisfaction and Loyalty: Velipoja Tourist Destination. TMC Academic Journal, 8(2), 36-48.
  • Chon, K. & Olsen, M. D. (1991). Functional and Symbolic Congruity Approaches to Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction in Tourism. Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research, 3, 2-22.
  • Cucculelli, M. & Goffi, G. (2016). Does Sustainability Enhance Tourism Destination Competitiveness? Evidence from Italian Destinations of Excellence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111(Part B), 370-382.
  • Çetı̇nkaya, M. Y. & Öter, Z. (2016). Role of Tour Guides on Tourist Satisfaction Level in Guided Tours and Impact on Re-Visiting Intention: A Research in Istanbul. European Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Recreation, 7(1), 40-54.
  • Durmuş, B., Yurtkoru, S. E. & Çinko, M. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi (3nd ed.). İstanbul: Beta Publishing.
  • Ersun, N. & Kahraman, A. (2011). Turizm Destinasyon Seçimini Etkileyen Temel Unsurlar ve Pazarlama Stratejileri. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 31(2), 229-248.
  • Gürbüz, A. (2009). Safranbolu’yu Ziyaret Eden Turistlerin Demografik Özelliklerine Göre Turistik Ürünleri Algılama Durumu. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(2), 217-234.
  • Hau, C. T. & Omar, K. (2014). The Impact of Service Quality on Tourist Satisfaction: The Case Study of Rantau Abang Beach as a Turtle Sanctuary Destination. Mediterrenean Journal of Social Science, 5(23), 1827-1832.
  • Khan, M. (2003). ECOSERV: Ecotourists’ Quality Expectations. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 109-124.
  • Koç, E. D. (2017). Destinasyon Performansının Ziyaretçi Memnuniyeti ve Geleceğe Yönelik Ziyaretçi Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi: Kapadokya Örneği. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaşı Veli University.
  • Kozak, M. & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist Satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, As an Off-Season Holiday Destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 260-269.
  • Kozak, M. (2001). Comparative Assessment of Tourist Satisfaction with Destinations across Two Nationalities. Tourism Management, 22(4), 391-401.
  • Manavgat Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MCCI). (2020). Side About. matso.org.tr/Manavgat/side.html. Date of Access: 13.01.2020.
  • Marin, A. J. & Taberner, J. G. (2013). Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Destination Attributes: Influence on Overall Satisfaction and the Intention to Return. Departament D’economia Aplicada, 1-21.
  • Moutinho, L., Albayrak, T. & Caber, M. (2012). How Far Does Overall Service Quality of A Destination Affect Customers’ Post-Purchase Behaviours? International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(4), 307-322.
  • Myo, Y. N., Khalifa, G. S. A. & Aye, T. T. (2019). The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty of Myanmar Hospitality Industry: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Management and Human Science (IJMHS), 3(3), 1-11.
  • Ngoc K. M. & Duyen, M. T. H. (2017). The Effects of Destination Image, Perceived Value and Service Quality on Tourist Return Intention Through Destination Satisfaction - A Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 8(5), 401-408.
  • Ngoc K. M. & Nguyen, T. T. (2015). Factors Affecting Tourists’ Return Intention towards Vung Tau City, Vietnam-A Mediation Analysis of Destination Satisfaction. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 3(4), 292-298.
  • Öter, Z. & Özdoğan, O. N. (2005). Kültür Amaçlı Seyahat Eden Turistlerde Destinasyon Imajı: Selçuk-Efes Örneği. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(2), 127-138.
  • Öztürk, A. B. (2004). Kızkalesi Yöresinde Tatilini Geçiren Turistlerin Memnuniyetlerini Etkileyen Faktörler. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Mersin University.
  • Paunavic, I. (2014). Satisfaction of Tourists in Serbia, Destination Image, Loyalty and DMO Service Quality. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 5, 163-181.
  • Qu, H., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A Model of Destination Branding: Integrating the Concepts of the Branding and Destination Image. Tourism Management, 32(3), 465-476. Qu, H. & Li, I. (1997). The Characteristics and Satisfaction of Mainland Chinese Visitors to Hong Kong. Journal of Travel Research, 35, 37-41.
  • Rajaratnam, D. S., Munikrishnan, T. U., Sharif P. S. & Nair, V. (2014). Service Quality and Previous Experince as A Moderator in Determining Tourists’ Satisfaction with Rural Tourism Destinations in Malaysia: A Partial Least Squares Approach, Procedia: Social and Behavioral Science, 144, 203-211.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MCT). (2020). Antalya tourist statistical, http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,9860/turizm-belgeli-tesisler.html Date of Access: 13.01.2020.
  • Riduan, S., Achmad F. & Darminto, A. (2015). The Effect of Tourism Service Quality, Tourist Destination Image and Experience of Tourist towards Tourists Satisfaction, Tourism Word of Mount, Tourist Destination Preference and Tourist Destination Loyalty (A Study on Foreign Tourists in Tourists Destinations Area in Indonesia). European Journal of Business and Marketing, 7(2), 95-104.
  • Santoso, S. (2019). Examining Relationships between Destination Image, Tourist Motivation, Satisfaction, and Visit Intention in Yogyakarta. Expert Journal of Business and Management, 7(1) 82-90.
  • Sevim, B., Seçilmis C. & Görkem, O. (2013). Algılanan Destinasyon Imajının Tavsiye Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi: Safranbolu’da Bir Araştırma, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 9(20), 115-129.
  • Siregar, E., Novita, V. & Mahmudah, D. (2020). Tourists' Satisfaction and Revisit Intention to Medan, Indonesia. 6th. Tourism Hospitality International Conference, (pp. 117-129), 5-6 December, East Java-Indonesia.
  • Şen-Demir, S. (2010). Çekici Faktörlerin Destinasyon Seçimine Etkisi: Dalyan Örneği. Ege Akademik Bakış, 10(3), 1041-1054.
  • Tribe, J. & Snaith, T. (1998). From SERVQUAL to HOLSAT: Holiday Satisfaction in Varadero, Cuba. Tourism Management, 19(1), 25-34.
  • Trung, N. V. H. & Khalifa, G. S. A. (2019). Impact of Destination Image Factors on Revisit Intentions of Hotel's International Tourists in Ba Ria-Vung Tau (Br-Vt) the Mediating Role of Positive Word of Mouth. International Journal on Recent Trends in Business and Tourism. 3(2), 106-115.
  • Ural, A. & Kılıç, İ. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
  • Ünlüönen, K. & Tokmak, C. (2009). Topkapı Sarayı’nda Çalışanlar ve Ziyaretçilerin Sosyal Taşıma Kapasitesine Göre Değerlendirilmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 17-30.
  • Vetitnev, A., Romonova, G., Matushenko N. & Kvetenadze. E. (2014). Factors Affecting Domestic Tourists’ Destination Satisfaction: The Case of Russia Resorts, World Applied Science Journal, 22(8), 1162-1173.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y. & Erdoğan, S. (2007). SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (2nd ed.), Ankara: Detay Publishing.
  • Yoon, Y. & Uysal, M. (2005). An Examination of the Effects of Motivation and Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty: A Structural Model. Tourism Management, 26, 45-56.
  • Yüksel, A. (2001). Managing Customer Satisfaction and Retention: A Case of Tourist Destinations, Turkey. Journal of Vocation Journal, 7(2), 153-168.

Yerli Turistlerin Algıladıkları Memnuniyetin Tekrar Ziyaret Niyetlerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: Ek 1, 46 - 53, 09.11.2020

Abstract

Çalışmada Antalya ili sınırları içerisinde yer alan Side beldesini ziyaret eden yerli turistlerin destinasyon memnuniyet algılarının ölçülmesi ve algılanan memnuniyetlerinin destinasyonu tekrar ziyaret niyetlerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda hazırlanan 500 anket 1 Eylül-30 Kasım 2019 döneminde Side destinasyonunu ziyaret eden yerli turistlere yüz yüze iletişim kurularak uygulanmıştır. Geri dönüş sağlanan anketlerden 35 tanesi her soruya aynı cevap seçeneğinin kodlanması ve 25 tanesi ise cevap kodlamalarının %50’sinden fazlasının boş bırakılmasından dolayı değerlendirme dışında bırakılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına (SPSS) göre; konaklama hizmetleri memnuniyeti (KHM), ulaşım hizmetleri memnuniyeti (UHM), destinasyon temizlik ve korunmuşluk memnuniyeti (DTKM), destinasyon turistik aktivite ve çekicilik memnuniyeti (DTAÇM), destinasyon misafirperverlik memnuniyeti (DMM) ve destinasyon turistik fiyat memnuniyeti (DTFM) yerli turistlerin memnuniyet değerlendirmelerine ilişkin ölçeğinin boyutları olarak belirlenmiştir. Yerli turistlerin memnuniyetleri sırasıyla; konaklama işletmelerinden, turistik aktivitelerden ve çekiciliklerden, ulaşım hizmetlerinden, misafirperverlikten, temizlik ve korunmuşluktan ve turistik fiyatlardan gerçekleşmiştir. Yerli turistlerin destinasyonu tekrar ziyaret niyetlerini değerlendirmeleri ise orta ve olumlu düzeyde ( =3,96) gerçekleşmiştir. Ayrıca memnuniyet boyutlarından temizlik ve korunmuşluk, turistik aktiviteler ve çekicilikler, misafirperverlik ve fiyat boyutlarının destinasyon tekrar ziyaret niyetini anlamlı ve olumlu etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Abdulla, S. A. M., Khalifa, G. S. A., Abuelhassan, A. E. & Ghosh, A. (2019). Antecedents of Dubai Revisit Intention: The Role of Destination Service Quality and Tourist Satisfaction. Restaurant Business, 118(10), 307-316.
  • Albayrak, T. & Caber, M. (2011). Önem-Performans Analizi: Destinasyon Yönetimine Dair Bir Örnek. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(4), 627-638.
  • Huete-Alcocer, N. & Lopez-Ruiz, R. V. (2020). The Role of Destination Image in Tourist Satisfaction: The Case of a Heritage Site. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 2444-2461.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2007). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı (5th ed.). Sakarya: Sakarya Publishing.
  • Anton C., Camarero C. & Laguna-Garcia, M. (2014). Towards a New Approach of Destination Loyalty Drivers: Satisfaction, Visit Intensity and Tourist Motivations. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(3), 238-260.
  • Arasli, H. & Baradarani, S. (2014). European Tourist Perspective on Destination Satisfaction in Jordan’s Industries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1416-1425.
  • Beqiri, M., Borici, A. B. A. & Dergjini, A. (2014). An Empirical Study of Service Quality Factors Impacting Tourist Satisfaction and Loyalty: Velipoja Tourist Destination. TMC Academic Journal, 8(2), 36-48.
  • Chon, K. & Olsen, M. D. (1991). Functional and Symbolic Congruity Approaches to Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction in Tourism. Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research, 3, 2-22.
  • Cucculelli, M. & Goffi, G. (2016). Does Sustainability Enhance Tourism Destination Competitiveness? Evidence from Italian Destinations of Excellence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111(Part B), 370-382.
  • Çetı̇nkaya, M. Y. & Öter, Z. (2016). Role of Tour Guides on Tourist Satisfaction Level in Guided Tours and Impact on Re-Visiting Intention: A Research in Istanbul. European Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Recreation, 7(1), 40-54.
  • Durmuş, B., Yurtkoru, S. E. & Çinko, M. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi (3nd ed.). İstanbul: Beta Publishing.
  • Ersun, N. & Kahraman, A. (2011). Turizm Destinasyon Seçimini Etkileyen Temel Unsurlar ve Pazarlama Stratejileri. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 31(2), 229-248.
  • Gürbüz, A. (2009). Safranbolu’yu Ziyaret Eden Turistlerin Demografik Özelliklerine Göre Turistik Ürünleri Algılama Durumu. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(2), 217-234.
  • Hau, C. T. & Omar, K. (2014). The Impact of Service Quality on Tourist Satisfaction: The Case Study of Rantau Abang Beach as a Turtle Sanctuary Destination. Mediterrenean Journal of Social Science, 5(23), 1827-1832.
  • Khan, M. (2003). ECOSERV: Ecotourists’ Quality Expectations. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 109-124.
  • Koç, E. D. (2017). Destinasyon Performansının Ziyaretçi Memnuniyeti ve Geleceğe Yönelik Ziyaretçi Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi: Kapadokya Örneği. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaşı Veli University.
  • Kozak, M. & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist Satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, As an Off-Season Holiday Destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 260-269.
  • Kozak, M. (2001). Comparative Assessment of Tourist Satisfaction with Destinations across Two Nationalities. Tourism Management, 22(4), 391-401.
  • Manavgat Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MCCI). (2020). Side About. matso.org.tr/Manavgat/side.html. Date of Access: 13.01.2020.
  • Marin, A. J. & Taberner, J. G. (2013). Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Destination Attributes: Influence on Overall Satisfaction and the Intention to Return. Departament D’economia Aplicada, 1-21.
  • Moutinho, L., Albayrak, T. & Caber, M. (2012). How Far Does Overall Service Quality of A Destination Affect Customers’ Post-Purchase Behaviours? International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(4), 307-322.
  • Myo, Y. N., Khalifa, G. S. A. & Aye, T. T. (2019). The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty of Myanmar Hospitality Industry: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Management and Human Science (IJMHS), 3(3), 1-11.
  • Ngoc K. M. & Duyen, M. T. H. (2017). The Effects of Destination Image, Perceived Value and Service Quality on Tourist Return Intention Through Destination Satisfaction - A Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 8(5), 401-408.
  • Ngoc K. M. & Nguyen, T. T. (2015). Factors Affecting Tourists’ Return Intention towards Vung Tau City, Vietnam-A Mediation Analysis of Destination Satisfaction. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 3(4), 292-298.
  • Öter, Z. & Özdoğan, O. N. (2005). Kültür Amaçlı Seyahat Eden Turistlerde Destinasyon Imajı: Selçuk-Efes Örneği. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(2), 127-138.
  • Öztürk, A. B. (2004). Kızkalesi Yöresinde Tatilini Geçiren Turistlerin Memnuniyetlerini Etkileyen Faktörler. Unpublished Master's Thesis. Mersin University.
  • Paunavic, I. (2014). Satisfaction of Tourists in Serbia, Destination Image, Loyalty and DMO Service Quality. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 5, 163-181.
  • Qu, H., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A Model of Destination Branding: Integrating the Concepts of the Branding and Destination Image. Tourism Management, 32(3), 465-476. Qu, H. & Li, I. (1997). The Characteristics and Satisfaction of Mainland Chinese Visitors to Hong Kong. Journal of Travel Research, 35, 37-41.
  • Rajaratnam, D. S., Munikrishnan, T. U., Sharif P. S. & Nair, V. (2014). Service Quality and Previous Experince as A Moderator in Determining Tourists’ Satisfaction with Rural Tourism Destinations in Malaysia: A Partial Least Squares Approach, Procedia: Social and Behavioral Science, 144, 203-211.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MCT). (2020). Antalya tourist statistical, http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,9860/turizm-belgeli-tesisler.html Date of Access: 13.01.2020.
  • Riduan, S., Achmad F. & Darminto, A. (2015). The Effect of Tourism Service Quality, Tourist Destination Image and Experience of Tourist towards Tourists Satisfaction, Tourism Word of Mount, Tourist Destination Preference and Tourist Destination Loyalty (A Study on Foreign Tourists in Tourists Destinations Area in Indonesia). European Journal of Business and Marketing, 7(2), 95-104.
  • Santoso, S. (2019). Examining Relationships between Destination Image, Tourist Motivation, Satisfaction, and Visit Intention in Yogyakarta. Expert Journal of Business and Management, 7(1) 82-90.
  • Sevim, B., Seçilmis C. & Görkem, O. (2013). Algılanan Destinasyon Imajının Tavsiye Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi: Safranbolu’da Bir Araştırma, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 9(20), 115-129.
  • Siregar, E., Novita, V. & Mahmudah, D. (2020). Tourists' Satisfaction and Revisit Intention to Medan, Indonesia. 6th. Tourism Hospitality International Conference, (pp. 117-129), 5-6 December, East Java-Indonesia.
  • Şen-Demir, S. (2010). Çekici Faktörlerin Destinasyon Seçimine Etkisi: Dalyan Örneği. Ege Akademik Bakış, 10(3), 1041-1054.
  • Tribe, J. & Snaith, T. (1998). From SERVQUAL to HOLSAT: Holiday Satisfaction in Varadero, Cuba. Tourism Management, 19(1), 25-34.
  • Trung, N. V. H. & Khalifa, G. S. A. (2019). Impact of Destination Image Factors on Revisit Intentions of Hotel's International Tourists in Ba Ria-Vung Tau (Br-Vt) the Mediating Role of Positive Word of Mouth. International Journal on Recent Trends in Business and Tourism. 3(2), 106-115.
  • Ural, A. & Kılıç, İ. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
  • Ünlüönen, K. & Tokmak, C. (2009). Topkapı Sarayı’nda Çalışanlar ve Ziyaretçilerin Sosyal Taşıma Kapasitesine Göre Değerlendirilmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 17-30.
  • Vetitnev, A., Romonova, G., Matushenko N. & Kvetenadze. E. (2014). Factors Affecting Domestic Tourists’ Destination Satisfaction: The Case of Russia Resorts, World Applied Science Journal, 22(8), 1162-1173.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y. & Erdoğan, S. (2007). SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (2nd ed.), Ankara: Detay Publishing.
  • Yoon, Y. & Uysal, M. (2005). An Examination of the Effects of Motivation and Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty: A Structural Model. Tourism Management, 26, 45-56.
  • Yüksel, A. (2001). Managing Customer Satisfaction and Retention: A Case of Tourist Destinations, Turkey. Journal of Vocation Journal, 7(2), 153-168.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Aydın Ünal 0000-0002-6377-8587

Sinan Baran Bayar 0000-0002-3039-3162

Onur Çelen 0000-0003-4601-2173

Muharrem Tuna 0000-0001-5526-7122

Publication Date November 9, 2020
Submission Date October 7, 2020
Acceptance Date October 28, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: Ek 1

Cite

APA Ünal, A., Bayar, S. B., Çelen, O., Tuna, M. (2020). A Research on Determining the Effect of the Satisfactions Perceived by Domestic Tourists on Intention to Visit. Tourism and Recreation, 2(Ek 1), 46-53.