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Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Çok Boyutlu Yoksulluğun İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 23 - 41, 30.03.2023

Abstract

Yoksulluk, yaşamın birçok farklı boyutunu içine alan çok boyutlu bir olgu olarak giderek daha fazla kavramsallaştırılmaktadır. Zira yoksunluklar yalnızca ekonomik göstergelerle sınırlı olmayıp aynı zamanda politik, sosyal, kültürel, fiziksel, psikolojik ve zihinsel sağlık boyutlarını da kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yoksulluğun sadece parasal kaynaklarla değil sosyal ve kültürel olanaklara da sahip olunması gerektiğinden hareketle üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşadıkları çok boyutlu yoksulluğu ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmaya iki farklı üniversitenin sağlık bilimleri fakültelerindeki dört farklı bölümde eğitim gören 603 lisans öğrencisi katılım sağlamıştır. Çalışmada Amartya Sen’in kapasite yapabilirlik yaklaşımı, gençlerin değer verdikleri bir hayatı yaşama özgürlükleri ve fırsatları açısından etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla bir çerçeve olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan sosyodemografik özellikler formu ile Çok Boyutlu Öğrenci Yoksulluğu Ölçeği (51 madde) aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda anne ve baba eğitim seviyesinin, kardeş sayısının, eğitim görülen bölümün ve sınıf düzeylerinin öğrencilerin yaşadıkları çok boyutlu yoksulluk ve alt boyutları arasında nasıl değiştiği ortaya konmuştur.

References

  • Alkire, S., Foster, J., Seth, S., Santos, M. E., Roche, J. M., & Ballon, P. (2015). Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Aydın, K. (2019). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de Yoksulluk Riski ve Sosyal Dışlanma. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 38, 13-31.
  • Baloran, E. T., Hernan, J. T., & Taoy, J. S. (2021). Course Satisfaction and Student Engagement in Online Learning Amid Covid-19 Pandemic: A Structural Equation Model. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(4), 1-12.
  • Başcıllar, M. (2022). Sosyal Sorun Kavramı ve Sosyal Hizmet İle İlişkisi. M. Başcıllar içinde, Sosyal Sorunlar ve Sosyal Hizmet (s. 1-15). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Berkowitz, R., Moore, H., Astor, R. A., & Benbenishty, R. (2017). A Research Synthesis of the Associations Between Socioeconomic Background, Inequality, School Climate, and Academic Achievement. Review of Educational Research, 87(2), 425-469.
  • Buheji, M. (2019). Shaping Future Type of Poverty - The Foresight of Future Socio-economic Problems & Solutions - Taking Poverty as a Context- Beyond 2030. American Journal of Economics, 9(3), 106-117.
  • Conley, D. (2001). Capital for college: Parental assets and postsecondary schooling. Sociology of Education, 74(1), 59-72.
  • Damar, Ö., & Giovanis, E. (2019). Youth Multidimensional Poverty and Its Dynamics: Evidende From Selected Countries in The MENA Region. Giza: The Economic Research Forum (ERF).
  • Demirtaş, B., Polat, G., Ateş, F. S., & Ka'opua, L. S. (2021). Poverty and health inequalities: Perceptions of social work students and nursing students. International Nursing Review, 69(1).
  • Dirksen, J., & Alkire, S. (2021). Children and Multidimensional Poverty: Four Measurement Strategies. Sustainability, 13, 1-36.
  • EUROSTAT. (2021, 12 7). Children of low-educated parents more exposed to poverty. ec.europa.eu: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20211207-1 adresinden alındı
  • Gadanya, M., & Ahmad, K. A. (2021). The Influence of Health on Academic Performance among Secondary School Students: A case study of an Urban Secondary School in Kano State, Nigeria. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 286-293.
  • George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson. Günay, D., & Günay, A. (2011). 1933’den Günümüze Türk Yükseköğretiminde Niceliksel Gelişmeler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 1(1), 1-22.
  • Gürler, A. Z., Doğan, H. G., Ayyıldız, B., Ayyıldız, M., & Gürel, E. (2012). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yoksulluk ve Geleceğe Yönelik Beklentiler (Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Örneği). 10. ULUSAL TARIM EKONOMİSİ KONGRESİ, (s. 330-338). Konya.
  • Holloway, E., Mahony, S., Royston, S., & Mueller, D. (2014). At What Cost? Exposing The Impact of Poverty on School Life. The Children's Society.
  • Hoyt, C. L., Billingsley, J., Burnette, J. L., Becker, W., & Babij, A. D. (2022). The implications of mindsets of poverty for stigma against those in poverty. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1-23.
  • Khan, R. M., Iqbal, N., & Tasneem, S. (2015). The influence of Parents Educational level on Secondary School Students Academic achievements in District Rajanpur. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(16), 76-80.
  • Lawson, G., & Farah, M. (2017). Executive Function as a Mediator Between SES and Academic Achievement Throughout Childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(1), 94-104.
  • Ljubotina, O. D., & Ljubotina, D. (2007). Attributions of poverty among social work and non-social work students in Croatia. Croatian Medical journal, 48(5), 741-749.
  • Majumdar, K., & Chatterjee, D. (2020). Perception of poverty: A study on the non-social work. Social Work & Society, 18(2), 1-15.
  • Maniaci, G., Cascia, C. L., Ferraro, A. G., Palummo, A., Saia, G. F., Pinetti, G., . . . Barbera, D. L. (2021). The impact of healthy lifestyles on academic achievement among Italian adolescents. Current Psychology.
  • Max-Neef, M., Hevia, A. E., & Hopenhayn, M. (1989). Human scale development: An option for the future. Development Dialogue, 1, 7-81.
  • Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M., & Petesch, P. (2000). Crying Out for Change: Voices of the Poor. Washington: World Bank Publications.
  • NEA. (2016). Students from Poverty: Backgrounder. Washington: National Education Association. Newton, J., & Turale, S. (2000). Student poverty at the University of Ballarat. The Australian Journal of Social Issues, 35(3), 251-265.
  • Nyagwencha-Nyamweya, E. P. (2022). The Effects of Poverty on Students' Mental Well-Being. Bethel: Bethel University.
  • OPHI, & UNDP. (2020). Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020: Charting pathways out of multidimensional poverty: Achieving the SDGs. New York: Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative.
  • Özdemir, Ç., Özkan, Y., Erdoğan, E., Kişioğlu, H., & Akın, F. (2021). Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Çok Boyutlu Yoksulluk Tespit Ölçeği Önerisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19(4), 292-311.
  • Özpolat, A. O. Türkiye’de Çocuk Hizmetleri, Ankara: Çizgi Yayınları.
  • Öztornacı, B., & Şengül, H. (2019). Türk. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 25(2), 201-206.
  • Ponczek, V., & Souza, A. P. (2012). New Evidence of the Causal Effect of Family Size on Child Quality in a Developing Country. Journal of Human Resources, 47(1), 64-106.
  • Redmond, G., & Skattebol, J. (2019). Material deprivation and capability deprivation in the midst of affluence: The case of young people in Australia. Children and Youth Services Review, 97, 36-48.
  • Salle, T. P., & Sanetti, L. M. (2016). Implications of student health problems on achievement and engagement. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 4(1), 10-15.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development As Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Shields, C. M. (2014). The War on Poverty Must Be Won: Transformative Leaders Can Make a Difference. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 2(2), 124-146.
  • SIDA. (2009). The Role of Young People in Poverty Reduction. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.
  • Skattebol, J., Saunders, P., Redmond, G., Bedford, M., & Cass, B. (2012). Making a Difference: Building on Young People’s Experiences of Economic Adversity: Final Report. Sydney: Social Policy Research Centre.
  • Skog, F. (2019). Sibling Effects on Adult Earnings Among Poor and Wealthy Children Evidence from Sweden. Child Indicators Research, 12, 917-942.
  • Steelman, L. C., Powell, B., Werum, R., & Carter, S. (2002). Reconsidering the effects of sibling configuration: Recent advances and challenges. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 243-269.
  • Teater, B. (2014). Sosyal Hizmet Kuram ve Yöntemleri: Uygulama İçin Bir Giriş. Ankara: Nika Yayınları.
  • Tepe, N. K., & Özer, Y. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yoksulluk Algısı Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(1), 166-188.
  • TÜRK-İŞ. (2022, Kasım 29). Ekim 2022 Açlık ve Yoksulluk Sınırı. turkis.org.tr: https://www.turkis.org.tr/ekim-2022-aclik-ve-yoksulluk-siniri/ adresinden alındı
  • Topgül, S. (2013). Türkiye'de Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluğun Kadınlaşması. C.Ü İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 277-296.
  • Wang, W., Urakawa, K., & Anegawa, K. (2022). Effects of university graduation on multidimensional poverty risks in Japan. International Journal of Educational Research, 113, 1-12.
  • Weiss-Gal, I., & Gal, J. (2006). Poverty in the Eyes of the Beholder: Social Workers Compared to Other Middle-Class Professionals. British Journal of Social Work, 37(5), 893-908.
  • Yücel, D., & Yuan, A. V. (2015). Do Siblings Matter? The Effect of Siblings on Socio-Emotional Development and Educational Aspirations among Early Adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 8(4), 671-697.
  • YÖK. (2022). Üniversite İzleme ve Değerlendirme Genel Raporu 2021. Ankara: Yükseköğretim Kurulu.
  • Yolvermez, B., & Kaytan, M. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Derinleşen Öğrencş Yoksulluğu: Sakarya Üniversitesi Örneği. ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(3), 1755-1776.

Examining Multidimensional Poverty Among University Students

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 23 - 41, 30.03.2023

Abstract

Poverty is increasingly conceptualized as a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses many different aspects of life. Because deprivations are not only limited to economic indicators, but also include political, social, cultural, physical, psychological and mental health dimensions. The aim of this study is to reveal the multidimensional poverty experienced by university students, considering that poverty should not only be financial resources but also social and cultural opportunities. 603 undergraduate students studying in four different departments of health sciences faculties of two different universities participated in the study. In the study, Amartya Sen's capacity-capability approach was used as a framework to evaluate its impact on young people's freedoms and opportunities to live a life they value. The data obtained in the study were collected through the sociodemographic characteristics form prepared by the researchers and the Multidimensional Student Poverty Scale (51 items). As a result of the study, it was revealed how the education level of the mother and father, the number of siblings, the department of education and class levels changed between the multidimensional poverty experienced by the students and its sub-dimensions.

References

  • Alkire, S., Foster, J., Seth, S., Santos, M. E., Roche, J. M., & Ballon, P. (2015). Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Aydın, K. (2019). Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de Yoksulluk Riski ve Sosyal Dışlanma. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 38, 13-31.
  • Baloran, E. T., Hernan, J. T., & Taoy, J. S. (2021). Course Satisfaction and Student Engagement in Online Learning Amid Covid-19 Pandemic: A Structural Equation Model. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(4), 1-12.
  • Başcıllar, M. (2022). Sosyal Sorun Kavramı ve Sosyal Hizmet İle İlişkisi. M. Başcıllar içinde, Sosyal Sorunlar ve Sosyal Hizmet (s. 1-15). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Berkowitz, R., Moore, H., Astor, R. A., & Benbenishty, R. (2017). A Research Synthesis of the Associations Between Socioeconomic Background, Inequality, School Climate, and Academic Achievement. Review of Educational Research, 87(2), 425-469.
  • Buheji, M. (2019). Shaping Future Type of Poverty - The Foresight of Future Socio-economic Problems & Solutions - Taking Poverty as a Context- Beyond 2030. American Journal of Economics, 9(3), 106-117.
  • Conley, D. (2001). Capital for college: Parental assets and postsecondary schooling. Sociology of Education, 74(1), 59-72.
  • Damar, Ö., & Giovanis, E. (2019). Youth Multidimensional Poverty and Its Dynamics: Evidende From Selected Countries in The MENA Region. Giza: The Economic Research Forum (ERF).
  • Demirtaş, B., Polat, G., Ateş, F. S., & Ka'opua, L. S. (2021). Poverty and health inequalities: Perceptions of social work students and nursing students. International Nursing Review, 69(1).
  • Dirksen, J., & Alkire, S. (2021). Children and Multidimensional Poverty: Four Measurement Strategies. Sustainability, 13, 1-36.
  • EUROSTAT. (2021, 12 7). Children of low-educated parents more exposed to poverty. ec.europa.eu: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20211207-1 adresinden alındı
  • Gadanya, M., & Ahmad, K. A. (2021). The Influence of Health on Academic Performance among Secondary School Students: A case study of an Urban Secondary School in Kano State, Nigeria. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 286-293.
  • George, D. ve Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson. Günay, D., & Günay, A. (2011). 1933’den Günümüze Türk Yükseköğretiminde Niceliksel Gelişmeler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 1(1), 1-22.
  • Gürler, A. Z., Doğan, H. G., Ayyıldız, B., Ayyıldız, M., & Gürel, E. (2012). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yoksulluk ve Geleceğe Yönelik Beklentiler (Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Örneği). 10. ULUSAL TARIM EKONOMİSİ KONGRESİ, (s. 330-338). Konya.
  • Holloway, E., Mahony, S., Royston, S., & Mueller, D. (2014). At What Cost? Exposing The Impact of Poverty on School Life. The Children's Society.
  • Hoyt, C. L., Billingsley, J., Burnette, J. L., Becker, W., & Babij, A. D. (2022). The implications of mindsets of poverty for stigma against those in poverty. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1-23.
  • Khan, R. M., Iqbal, N., & Tasneem, S. (2015). The influence of Parents Educational level on Secondary School Students Academic achievements in District Rajanpur. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(16), 76-80.
  • Lawson, G., & Farah, M. (2017). Executive Function as a Mediator Between SES and Academic Achievement Throughout Childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(1), 94-104.
  • Ljubotina, O. D., & Ljubotina, D. (2007). Attributions of poverty among social work and non-social work students in Croatia. Croatian Medical journal, 48(5), 741-749.
  • Majumdar, K., & Chatterjee, D. (2020). Perception of poverty: A study on the non-social work. Social Work & Society, 18(2), 1-15.
  • Maniaci, G., Cascia, C. L., Ferraro, A. G., Palummo, A., Saia, G. F., Pinetti, G., . . . Barbera, D. L. (2021). The impact of healthy lifestyles on academic achievement among Italian adolescents. Current Psychology.
  • Max-Neef, M., Hevia, A. E., & Hopenhayn, M. (1989). Human scale development: An option for the future. Development Dialogue, 1, 7-81.
  • Narayan, D., Chambers, R., Shah, M., & Petesch, P. (2000). Crying Out for Change: Voices of the Poor. Washington: World Bank Publications.
  • NEA. (2016). Students from Poverty: Backgrounder. Washington: National Education Association. Newton, J., & Turale, S. (2000). Student poverty at the University of Ballarat. The Australian Journal of Social Issues, 35(3), 251-265.
  • Nyagwencha-Nyamweya, E. P. (2022). The Effects of Poverty on Students' Mental Well-Being. Bethel: Bethel University.
  • OPHI, & UNDP. (2020). Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2020: Charting pathways out of multidimensional poverty: Achieving the SDGs. New York: Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative.
  • Özdemir, Ç., Özkan, Y., Erdoğan, E., Kişioğlu, H., & Akın, F. (2021). Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Çok Boyutlu Yoksulluk Tespit Ölçeği Önerisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19(4), 292-311.
  • Özpolat, A. O. Türkiye’de Çocuk Hizmetleri, Ankara: Çizgi Yayınları.
  • Öztornacı, B., & Şengül, H. (2019). Türk. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 25(2), 201-206.
  • Ponczek, V., & Souza, A. P. (2012). New Evidence of the Causal Effect of Family Size on Child Quality in a Developing Country. Journal of Human Resources, 47(1), 64-106.
  • Redmond, G., & Skattebol, J. (2019). Material deprivation and capability deprivation in the midst of affluence: The case of young people in Australia. Children and Youth Services Review, 97, 36-48.
  • Salle, T. P., & Sanetti, L. M. (2016). Implications of student health problems on achievement and engagement. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 4(1), 10-15.
  • Sen, A. (1999). Development As Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Shields, C. M. (2014). The War on Poverty Must Be Won: Transformative Leaders Can Make a Difference. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 2(2), 124-146.
  • SIDA. (2009). The Role of Young People in Poverty Reduction. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.
  • Skattebol, J., Saunders, P., Redmond, G., Bedford, M., & Cass, B. (2012). Making a Difference: Building on Young People’s Experiences of Economic Adversity: Final Report. Sydney: Social Policy Research Centre.
  • Skog, F. (2019). Sibling Effects on Adult Earnings Among Poor and Wealthy Children Evidence from Sweden. Child Indicators Research, 12, 917-942.
  • Steelman, L. C., Powell, B., Werum, R., & Carter, S. (2002). Reconsidering the effects of sibling configuration: Recent advances and challenges. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 243-269.
  • Teater, B. (2014). Sosyal Hizmet Kuram ve Yöntemleri: Uygulama İçin Bir Giriş. Ankara: Nika Yayınları.
  • Tepe, N. K., & Özer, Y. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yoksulluk Algısı Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(1), 166-188.
  • TÜRK-İŞ. (2022, Kasım 29). Ekim 2022 Açlık ve Yoksulluk Sınırı. turkis.org.tr: https://www.turkis.org.tr/ekim-2022-aclik-ve-yoksulluk-siniri/ adresinden alındı
  • Topgül, S. (2013). Türkiye'de Yoksulluk ve Yoksulluğun Kadınlaşması. C.Ü İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(1), 277-296.
  • Wang, W., Urakawa, K., & Anegawa, K. (2022). Effects of university graduation on multidimensional poverty risks in Japan. International Journal of Educational Research, 113, 1-12.
  • Weiss-Gal, I., & Gal, J. (2006). Poverty in the Eyes of the Beholder: Social Workers Compared to Other Middle-Class Professionals. British Journal of Social Work, 37(5), 893-908.
  • Yücel, D., & Yuan, A. V. (2015). Do Siblings Matter? The Effect of Siblings on Socio-Emotional Development and Educational Aspirations among Early Adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 8(4), 671-697.
  • YÖK. (2022). Üniversite İzleme ve Değerlendirme Genel Raporu 2021. Ankara: Yükseköğretim Kurulu.
  • Yolvermez, B., & Kaytan, M. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Derinleşen Öğrencş Yoksulluğu: Sakarya Üniversitesi Örneği. ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(3), 1755-1776.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhat Toper 0000-0001-6398-5343

Harun Aslan 0000-0001-9830-1765

Early Pub Date March 20, 2023
Publication Date March 30, 2023
Acceptance Date January 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Toper, F., & Aslan, H. (2023). Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Çok Boyutlu Yoksulluğun İncelenmesi. Toplumsal Politika Dergisi, 4(1), 23-41.