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Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 40, 0 - , 30.09.2013

Necla Acun Kapıkıran , Şahin Kapıkıran

Abstract

Self- stigma is individual constructs of an individual’s personality by internalizing other people’s stereotypes and defining one’s self by creating a stereotype. Self-stigma prevents people from seeking help when they are in need. The purpose of the study is to examine the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychological Help Scale developed by Vogel, Wade and Haake (2006). The participants in this study were 544 university students, 67 % females and 30 % males, 3 % unreported gender. The age range of the participants varied between 17 to 33 years. (M = 20.54, Sd = 1.70). The exploratory and confirmatory item analyses of the scale suggested that the scale had a single dimension. The SSPHS scores were found to be negatively correlated with self-esteem, social support and, life satisfaction, but positively correlated with Brief Symptom Inventory and seeking for psychological help. Results showed that the scale was found to have satisfactory internal reliability. Results are discussed in the frame of literature related to self-stigma of seeking help

Keywords

seeking psychological help self-stigma validity reliability

References

  • Ben-Porath, D. (2002). Stigmazation of individuals who receive psychotherapy: An intection between help- seeking behavior and the presence of depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21(4), 400- 413.
  • Bilge, A. & Çam, O. (2010). Ruhsal hastalığa önelik damgalama ile mücadele, TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9(1), 71-78.
  • Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E. & Rüsch, N. (2009). Self- stigma and the “why try” effect: Impact on life goals and evidence-based practices. World Psychiatry, 8(2), 75-81.
  • Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C. & Barr, L. (2006). The self- stigma of mental illness: Implications for self-esteem and self-efficacy. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(9), 875-884.
  • Corrigan P.W., Kerr, E. & Knudsen, L. (2005). The stigma of mental illness: Explanatory models and methods for change. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 11, 179–190.
  • Corrigan P.W.,Watson, A. C., Byrne, P. & Davis, C. A. (2005). Mental illness stigma: Problem of public health or social justice? SocialWork 50(4), 363-368.
  • Corrigan, P. W. & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness Clinical Psycholology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 35-53.
  • Crabtree, J. W., Haslam, S. A., Postmes, T. & Haslam, C. (2010). Mental health, support groups, stigma, and self- esteem: Positive and negative implications of group identification. Journal of Social Issues, 66(3),553-569.
  • Crocker, J. (1999). Social stigma and self-esteem: Situational construction of self-worth. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(1), 89-107.
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1986). Adölesanlarda benlik saygısı. Uzmanlık Yayımlanmamış Üniversitesi, Ankara Tezi, Hacettepe
  • Dovidio J. F., Major B., Crocker J., & Todd, J. H. (2000.) Stigma: Introduction and overview. In, T.F. Heatherton, R.E. Kleck, M.R. Hebl & J. G. Hull (Eds). The Social Psychology of Stigma, (pp. 1-28.) New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • Durak, D., Durak, E. Ş. & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicator Research, DOI 10.1007/s11205-010-9589-4.
  • Elhai, J. D., Schweinle , W. & Anderson, S. M. (2008). Reliability and validity of the attitudes toward seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-short form. Psychiatry Research, 159, 320-329.
  • Ersoy, M. A. & Varan, A. (2007). Ruhsal Hastalıklarda Damgalanma İçselleştirilmiş formu’nun güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(2), 163-171. Ölçeği: Türkçe
  • Feldman, D. B. & Crandall, C.S. (2007). Dimensions of mental illness stigma: What about mentall illness causes social rejection? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(2),137-154.
  • Fischer, E. H. &Turner, J. I. (1970). Orientations to seeking professional help: Development and research utility of an attitude scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35(1), 79-90.
  • Fiske, S. T. (1998). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In, D.T. Gilbert & S.T. Fiske (Eds) The handbook of social psychology (pp: 357– 411). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill
  • Fung, K. M. T., Tsang, H. W. H., Corrigan, P. W., Lam, C. L. & Cheng, W. M. (2007). Measuring self-stigma of mental illness in China and its implications for recovery. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 53(5), 408–418.
  • Goldberg, A. B. & Smith, Z.A.J.( 2011). Stigma, social context, and mental health: Lesbian and gay couples across the transition to adoptive parenthood. Journal of Counseling, 58(1), 139-150.
  • Greeff, M., Uys, L. R., Wantland, D., Makoae, L., Chirwa, M., Dlamini, P., Holzemer, W.L. (2010). Perceived HIV stigma and life satisfaction among persons living with HIV infection in five African countries: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 475-486.
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1997): Exploratory factor analysis: Its role in item analysis, Journal of Personality Assessment, 68 (3), 532-560.
  • Groeschel, B. L., Wester, S. R., & Sedivy, S. K. (2010). Gender role conflict, alcohol, and help seeking among college men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11(2), 123-139.
  • Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Johnson, S. E., Richeson, A. J. & . Finkel, E. J. (2011). Middle class and marginal? Socioeconomic status, stigma, and self-regulation at an elite university. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(5), 838-852.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. & Sörbom, D. (2004). LISREL 8.71 for Windows [Computer Software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
  • Kapıkıran, Ş. & Acun-Kapıkıran, N. (2010). Algılanan Elde Edilebilir Destek Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(2), 51-73.
  • Kaplan, S. A., Vogel, P. W., Gentile, D. A. & Wade , N. G. (2011). Increasing positive perceptions of counseling: The importance of repeated exposures. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(3), 409-442.
  • Kelloway, E. K. (1998) Using LİSREL for structural equation modeling. A research guide. CA: Sage.
  • Kleim, B. Vauth, R., Adam,, G., Stieglitz, R. D. Hayward, P. & Corrigan, P. (2008). Perceived stigma predicts low self-efficacy and poor coping in schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Health, 175, 482-491.
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Larson, J. E. & Corrigan, P. W. (2010). Psychotherapy for self-stigma among rural clients Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session. 66(5), 524-536.
  • Link B. G,. Yang, L. H. , Phelan, J. C. & Collins, P.Y. (2004). Measuring mental illness stigma Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(3), 511-541.
  • Link, B. G. & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363-385.
  • Ludwikowski, W. M. A., Vogel, D. & Armstrong, P. I. (2009) Attitudes toward career counseling: The role of public and self- stigma. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3),408-416.
  • Mak, W. W. S., Cheung, R. Y. M., Law, R. W., Woo, J., Lic, P. C. K., & Chung, R. W. Y. (2007). Examining attribution model of self-stigma on social supportand psychological well-being among people with HIV/ AIDS. Social Science & Medicine, 64 ,1549-1559.
  • Major, B. & O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review Psychology, 56, 393-421.
  • Markowitz, F. E. (2001). Modeling processes in recovery from mental illness:Relationships between symptoms, life satisfaction, and self-concept. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42(1), 64-79.
  • Markowitz, F. E. (1998). The effects of stigma on the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of persons with mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 39, 335-347.
  • Rosenfield, S. (1997). Labeling mental illness: The effect of

Psikolojik Yardım Aramada Kendini Damgalama Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik

Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 40, 0 - , 30.09.2013

Necla Acun Kapıkıran , Şahin Kapıkıran

Abstract

Kendini damgalama kişilerin bir kişiye karşı yarattığı kahıp yargıları zamanla içselleştirmesi ve kendi karakterini bu içselleştirmeler doğrultusunda yaratmasıdır. Psikolojik yardım isteme çoğu zaman diğer kişiler tarafından damgalanmaya yol açmaktadır. Bu durumda kişi bu damgalamayı içselleştirerek psikolojik yardım alması gerektiği halde yardım almayı istemez. Bu çalışmada Psikolojik Yardım Aramada Kendini Damgalama Ölçeği (PYAKDÖ)’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Psikolojik Yardım Aramada Kendini Damgalama Ölçeği, Vogel, Wade ve Haake (2006) tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Eğitim Fakültesine devam eden 544 öğrenciden oluşan katılımcıların % 67’si kız ve % 30’u erkek öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Öğrencilerin % 3’ü cinsiyetini işaretlememiştir. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20.5’tir. Ölçek, hem açımlayıcı hem doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucuna göre, tek boyutlu bir ölçme aracıdır. Ölçeğin benlik saygısı, sosyal destek, yaşam doyumu ile olumsuz, kısa semptom envanteri ve psikolojik yardım arama ile olumlu ilişkileri bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirlik çalışması madde ve toplam korelasyonu katsayısı ve Cronbach Alfa katsayı ile hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin yeterli iç tutarlığa sahip olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Sonuçlar yardım aramada kendini damgalamaya yönelik alan yazını çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

psikolojik yardım arama kendini damgalama geçerlik güvenirlik

References

  • Ben-Porath, D. (2002). Stigmazation of individuals who receive psychotherapy: An intection between help- seeking behavior and the presence of depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21(4), 400- 413.
  • Bilge, A. & Çam, O. (2010). Ruhsal hastalığa önelik damgalama ile mücadele, TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9(1), 71-78.
  • Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E. & Rüsch, N. (2009). Self- stigma and the “why try” effect: Impact on life goals and evidence-based practices. World Psychiatry, 8(2), 75-81.
  • Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C. & Barr, L. (2006). The self- stigma of mental illness: Implications for self-esteem and self-efficacy. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(9), 875-884.
  • Corrigan P.W., Kerr, E. & Knudsen, L. (2005). The stigma of mental illness: Explanatory models and methods for change. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 11, 179–190.
  • Corrigan P.W.,Watson, A. C., Byrne, P. & Davis, C. A. (2005). Mental illness stigma: Problem of public health or social justice? SocialWork 50(4), 363-368.
  • Corrigan, P. W. & Watson, A. C. (2002). The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness Clinical Psycholology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 35-53.
  • Crabtree, J. W., Haslam, S. A., Postmes, T. & Haslam, C. (2010). Mental health, support groups, stigma, and self- esteem: Positive and negative implications of group identification. Journal of Social Issues, 66(3),553-569.
  • Crocker, J. (1999). Social stigma and self-esteem: Situational construction of self-worth. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(1), 89-107.
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1986). Adölesanlarda benlik saygısı. Uzmanlık Yayımlanmamış Üniversitesi, Ankara Tezi, Hacettepe
  • Dovidio J. F., Major B., Crocker J., & Todd, J. H. (2000.) Stigma: Introduction and overview. In, T.F. Heatherton, R.E. Kleck, M.R. Hebl & J. G. Hull (Eds). The Social Psychology of Stigma, (pp. 1-28.) New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
  • Durak, D., Durak, E. Ş. & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicator Research, DOI 10.1007/s11205-010-9589-4.
  • Elhai, J. D., Schweinle , W. & Anderson, S. M. (2008). Reliability and validity of the attitudes toward seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-short form. Psychiatry Research, 159, 320-329.
  • Ersoy, M. A. & Varan, A. (2007). Ruhsal Hastalıklarda Damgalanma İçselleştirilmiş formu’nun güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(2), 163-171. Ölçeği: Türkçe
  • Feldman, D. B. & Crandall, C.S. (2007). Dimensions of mental illness stigma: What about mentall illness causes social rejection? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(2),137-154.
  • Fischer, E. H. &Turner, J. I. (1970). Orientations to seeking professional help: Development and research utility of an attitude scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35(1), 79-90.
  • Fiske, S. T. (1998). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In, D.T. Gilbert & S.T. Fiske (Eds) The handbook of social psychology (pp: 357– 411). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill
  • Fung, K. M. T., Tsang, H. W. H., Corrigan, P. W., Lam, C. L. & Cheng, W. M. (2007). Measuring self-stigma of mental illness in China and its implications for recovery. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 53(5), 408–418.
  • Goldberg, A. B. & Smith, Z.A.J.( 2011). Stigma, social context, and mental health: Lesbian and gay couples across the transition to adoptive parenthood. Journal of Counseling, 58(1), 139-150.
  • Greeff, M., Uys, L. R., Wantland, D., Makoae, L., Chirwa, M., Dlamini, P., Holzemer, W.L. (2010). Perceived HIV stigma and life satisfaction among persons living with HIV infection in five African countries: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 475-486.
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1997): Exploratory factor analysis: Its role in item analysis, Journal of Personality Assessment, 68 (3), 532-560.
  • Groeschel, B. L., Wester, S. R., & Sedivy, S. K. (2010). Gender role conflict, alcohol, and help seeking among college men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11(2), 123-139.
  • Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Johnson, S. E., Richeson, A. J. & . Finkel, E. J. (2011). Middle class and marginal? Socioeconomic status, stigma, and self-regulation at an elite university. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(5), 838-852.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. & Sörbom, D. (2004). LISREL 8.71 for Windows [Computer Software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
  • Kapıkıran, Ş. & Acun-Kapıkıran, N. (2010). Algılanan Elde Edilebilir Destek Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(2), 51-73.
  • Kaplan, S. A., Vogel, P. W., Gentile, D. A. & Wade , N. G. (2011). Increasing positive perceptions of counseling: The importance of repeated exposures. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(3), 409-442.
  • Kelloway, E. K. (1998) Using LİSREL for structural equation modeling. A research guide. CA: Sage.
  • Kleim, B. Vauth, R., Adam,, G., Stieglitz, R. D. Hayward, P. & Corrigan, P. (2008). Perceived stigma predicts low self-efficacy and poor coping in schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Health, 175, 482-491.
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Larson, J. E. & Corrigan, P. W. (2010). Psychotherapy for self-stigma among rural clients Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session. 66(5), 524-536.
  • Link B. G,. Yang, L. H. , Phelan, J. C. & Collins, P.Y. (2004). Measuring mental illness stigma Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(3), 511-541.
  • Link, B. G. & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363-385.
  • Ludwikowski, W. M. A., Vogel, D. & Armstrong, P. I. (2009) Attitudes toward career counseling: The role of public and self- stigma. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3),408-416.
  • Mak, W. W. S., Cheung, R. Y. M., Law, R. W., Woo, J., Lic, P. C. K., & Chung, R. W. Y. (2007). Examining attribution model of self-stigma on social supportand psychological well-being among people with HIV/ AIDS. Social Science & Medicine, 64 ,1549-1559.
  • Major, B. & O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review Psychology, 56, 393-421.
  • Markowitz, F. E. (2001). Modeling processes in recovery from mental illness:Relationships between symptoms, life satisfaction, and self-concept. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42(1), 64-79.
  • Markowitz, F. E. (1998). The effects of stigma on the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of persons with mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 39, 335-347.
  • Rosenfield, S. (1997). Labeling mental illness: The effect of
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Necla Acun Kapıkıran

Şahin Kapıkıran

Publication Date September 30, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 4 Issue: 40

Cite

APA Acun Kapıkıran, N., & Kapıkıran, Ş. (2013). Psikolojik Yardım Aramada Kendini Damgalama Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(40). https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.52261
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