BAZI HERBİVOR BÖCEKLER HAKKINDA BİYOLOJİK GÖZLEMLER

Year 2017, , 59 - 64, 26.01.2017

Seda Emel Tek Zühal Okyar

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.288112

Abstract

2013-2016 döneminde Trakya Bölgesi’nde yapılmış arazi çalışmaları sırasında örneklenen herbivor özellikteki Archips rosana (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Melitaea didyma (Esper) (Lep.: Nymphalidae), Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus) (Lep.: Nymphalidae), Allophyes oxyacanthae (Linnaeus) (Lep.: Noctuidae), Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus) (Lep.: Pieridae), Periclistus brandtii (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) (Lep.: Erebidae) ve Mustha spinosula (Lefèbvre) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)’nin biyolojik bazı özellikleri laboratuvar ortamında gözlenmiş ve bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. A. rosana ve M. didyma larvalarında karnivor ve kanibalizm davranışları, A. oxyacanthae ergin dişisinin partenogenez yolu ile yumurta üretmesi, M. spinosula ergininin L. dispar larvaları ile olan birlikteliğinde gösterdiği savunma/predatör davranışı ve P. brandtii’nin Pyrus communis (Linnaeus) bitkisi ile olan birlikteliği ilk kez gözlenen durumlar olmuştur. Ayrıca Melitaea cinxia larvasından Erycia festinans (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) parazitoiti elde edilmiş olup, E. festinans türü Türkiye için yeni bir dipter kaydı olmuştur. E. festinans M. cinxia ile olan birlikteliği Türkiye için yeni bir parazitoit-konak kaydıdır.

Keywords

Böcek davranışı, karnivor, kanibalizm, predasyon, partenogenez, savunma, parazitoit

BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SOME HERBIVOROUS INSECTS

Abstract

Some
biological characteristics of the herbivorous Archips rosana (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Melitaea didyma (Esper) (Lep.:
Nymphalidae), Melitaea cinxia
(Linnaeus) (Lep.: Nymphalidae), Allophyes
oxyacanthae (Linnaeus) (Lep.: Noctuidae), Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus) (Lep.: Pieridae), Periclistus brandtii (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) (Lep.:
Erebidae) and Mustha spinosula
(Lefèbvre) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) obtained from Thrace Region during field
studies in the period of 2013-2016 were monitored in laboratory conditions and
the observations were evaluated. The carnivorous behaviour of A. rosana and M. didyma larvae, egg production by adult females of A. oxyacanthae through parthenogenesis, the defense/predatory
behaviour of M. spinosula adults on L. dispar larvae and the association of P. brandtii with Pyrus communis (Linnaeus) plant are the observations reported for
the first time. Furthermore, from Melitaea
cinxia larva, the parasitoid Erycia
festinans (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) emerged. E. festinans is a new record for Diptera fauna of Turkey.
Correspondingly, M. cinxia and E. festinans is a new host-parasitoid
association for Turkey.

Keywords

Insect behaviour, carnivore, cannibalism, predation, parthenogenesis, defence, parasitoid

References

• 1. Alford, D.V. 2012. Pests of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Flowers: A Colour Handbook. CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL), 480 s.
• 2. Bayram, Ş. & Kara K. 1998. Türkiye Tachinidae (Diptera) faunası için yeni bir kayıt Erycia fasciata Villeneuve 1924. Türkiye Entolomoji Dergisi, 22(3): 217-224
• 3. Baytaş, A. 2008. Türkiye'nin kelebekleri: Doğa rehberi, NTV Yayınları, İstanbul.
• 4. BRC, Biological Records Centre - Database of insects and their food plants. 2011. http://www.brc.ac.uk/dbif/ (Erişim: Eylül 2016).
• 5. Brown, J.W., Robinson, G. & Powell, J.A. 2008. Food plant database of the leaf rollers of the world (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Version 1.0. http://www.tortricid.net/foodplants.asp (Erişim: Eylül 2016).
• 6. Clark, B.R. & Faeth, S.H. 1998. The evolution of egg clustering in butterflies: a test of the egg desiccation hypothesis. Evolutionary Ecology, 12(5): 543-552.
• 7. Fauna Europaea. 2014. Version 2.6. http://www.faunaeur.org
• 8. Ford, T.H., Shaw, M.R. & Robertson, D.M. 2000. Further host records of some west Palaearctic Tachinidae (Diptera). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation, 112(1): 25-36.
• 9. GOERT - Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team. 2003. Invasive species in Garry oak and associated ecosystems in British Columbia. Victoria (BC). http://www.goert.ca/publications_resources/invasive_species.php (Erişim: Eylül 2016).
• 10. Herting, B., 1960. Biologie der Westpaläarktischen Raupenfliegen (Diptera: Tachinidae). Monographien zur angewandten Entomologie, 16: 1-188, Berlin.
• 11. Hyodo, D., Himuro, C. & Fujisaki, K. 2014. Prey size affects the costs and benefits of group predation in nymphs of the predatory stink bug Andrallus spinidens (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Ethology, 32(3): 173-178.
• 12. Joyner, K. & Gould, F. 1985. Developmental consequences of cannibalism in Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78: 24-28.
• 13. Kakimoto, T., Fujisaki, K. & Miyatake, T. 2003. Egg laying preference, larval dispersion and cannibalism in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 96(6): 793-798.
• 14. Kanat, M. & Akbulut, S. 2005. Determination of some pest insect species damaging oak forests in the south east Anatolia region (Kahramanmaraş) of Turkey. Science and Engineering, 8(2): 70-73.
• 15. Katılmış, Y. & Kıyak, S. 2011. Further study on Periclistus brandtii (Ratzeburg, 1831) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) from Turkey. Entomological News, 122(1): 51-54.
• 16. Katılmış, Y. & Azmaz, M. 2015. Investigation on the inquilines (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Synergini) of oak galls from inner western Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(1): 168-173.
• 17. Krall, B.S., Bartelt, R.J., Lewis, C.J. & Whitman, D.W. 1999. Chemical defense in the stink bug Cosmopepla bimaculata. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 25(11): 2477-2494.
• 18. Kuussaari, M., Van Nouhuys, S., Hellmann, J.J., & Singer, M.C. 2004. Larval biology of checkerspots, Pp. 138-160. In: Ehrlich, P. R. & Hanski, I. (eds). On the Wings of Checkerspots: A Model System for Population Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 408 p.
• 19. Lechowicz, M.J. & Mauffette, Y. 1986. Host preferences of the gypsy moth in eastern North American versus European forests. Revue d’Entomologie du Québec, 31(1): 43-51.
• 20. Lodos, N., Önder, F., Pehlivan E., Atalay, R., Erkin, E., Karsavuran, Y., Tezcan, S. & Aksoy, S. 1998. Faunistic Studies on Pentatomoidea: (Plataspidae, Acanthosomatidae, Cydnidae, Scutelleridae, Pentatomidae) of Western Black Sea, Central Anatolia and Mediterranean Regions of Turkey. Ege University Press, İzmir, 75 s.
• cytochemistry of salivary glands of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Protoplasma, 251(3): 535–543.
• 22. Meijerman, L. & Ulenberg, S.A. 2000. Arthropods of economic Importance: Eurasian Tortricidae. World Biodiversity Database. http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/index.php (Erişim: Eylül 2016).
• 23. Molet, T. 2012. CPHST Pest Datasheet for Lymantria dispar asiatica. USDA-APHIS -PPQ-CPHST.
• 24. Özdemir, M., Özdemir, Y., Seven, S. & Bozkurt, V. 2005. Orta Anadolu Bölgesinde Kültür Bitkilerinde Zararlı Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) Faunası Üzerine Araştırmalar. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 45(1-4): 17-44.
• 25. Penzes, Z., Tang, C.T., Bihari, P., Bozso, M., Schweger, S. & Melika, G. 2012. Oak Associated Inquilines (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini). Tiscia Monograph Series Volume 11, Szeged, 76 s.
• 26. Polat, A. & Tozlu, G. 2010. Erzurum’da Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)’nın kısa biyolojisi, konukçuları ve parazitoidleri üzerinde araştırmalar, Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 34(4): 529-542.
• 27. Richardson, M.L., Mitchell, R.F., Reagel, P.E. & Hanks, L.M. 2010. Causes and consequences of cannibalism in non-carnivorous insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 55: 39-53.
• 28. Rider, D.A. 2015. Pentatomoidea Home page. North Dakota State University. https://www.ndsu.edu/faculty/rider/Pentatomoidea/ (Erişim: Eylül 2016).
• 29. Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W. & Hernández, L.M. 2010. HOSTS - A database of the world's lepidopteran host plants, Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts (Erişim: Eylül 2016).
• 30. Ronquist, F. 1994. Evolution of parasitism among closely related species: phylogenetic relationships and the origin of inquilinism in gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Evolution, 48(2): 241-266.
• 31. Schoonhoven, L. M., Van Loon, J. J. & Dicke, M. 2005. Insect-Plant Biology. 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 440 p.
• 32. Shorthouse, J.D. 1973. The insect community associated with galls of Diplolepis polita (Hym.: Cynipidae). Quaestiones Entomologica, 9: 55-98.
• 33. Shorthouse, J.D. 1993. Adaptations of gall wasps of the genus Diplolepis (Hym.: Cynipidae) and the role of gall anatomy in cynipid systematics. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 165: 139-163.
• 34. Shorthouse, J.D. & Leggo, J.J. 2002. Immature stages of the galler Diplolepis triforma (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with comments on the role of its prepupae. Canadian Entomologist, 134: 433-446.
• 35. Skuhravá, M., Skuhravy, V. & Massa, B. 2007. Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sicily. Naturalista Siciliano, 31: 261-309.
• 36. Smirnoff, W.A. 1967. Effects of some plant juices on the ugly-nest caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus, infected with microsporidia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 9: 26-29.
• 37. Stam, J. M., Kroes, A., Li, Y., Gols, R., Van Loon, J. J., Poelman, E. H. & Dicke, M. 2014: Plant interactions with multiple insect herbivores: from community to genes. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 65: 689-713.
• 38. Sullivan, M., MacKinnon, D., Price, T., Biggs, A.R. & Blue, D. 2011. Stone Fruit Commodity-based Survey Reference. Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey.
• 39. Tolman, T. 1997. Butterflies of Britain and Europe. Harpercollins Pub Limited, London.
• 40. Tunca, H., Kılınçer, N. & Özkan, C. 2011. Bitkiler, Herbivorlar ve Doğal Düşmanlar Arasındaki Trofik İlişkiler, Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 3(2) 37-45.
• 41. Van Nouhuys, S. & Hanski, I. 2004. Natural enemies of checkerspots, Pp. 161-180. In: Ehrlich, P. R. & Hanski, I. (eds). On the Wings of Checkerspots: A Model System for Population Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, 408 p.
• 42. Wahlberg N, Kullberg J, Hanski I. 2001. Natural history of some Siberian Melitaeini butterfly species (Melitaeini: Nymphalidae) and their parasitoids. Entomologica Fennica, 12(2): 72-77.
• 43. Wang, X.G. & Daane, K.M. 2014. Cannibalism of parasitoid‐attacked conspecifics in a non‐carnivorous caterpillar. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 151(2): 112-121.