Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 17 - 22, 15.04.2021

Merve Bat

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.772976
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Galium aparine L. (yoğurt otu), Rubiaceae familyasına ait yıllık otsu bir bitkidir. Çeşitli biyoaktif bileşenler içerdiğinden terapötik etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinin bitkinin biyoaktif bileşen miktarına etkisini incelemektir. Biyoaktif bileşenlerin miktarındaki değişiklik doğrudan antioksidan ve antidiyabetik aktiviteyi etkiler. Bu çalışmada yoğurt otu kullanılarak çözücünün metanol olduğu soxhlet, maserasyon ve ultrasonik olmak üzere 3 farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ekstraktların fitokimyasal bileşeni hem kalitatif hem de kantitatif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ekstraktlarda en fazla flavonoid, tanen ve fenolik bileşik içeren ekstraktın, soxhlet ekstraksiyonu sonucu elde edilen ekstrakt olduğu bulundu. Soxhlet ekstraktı, 131.827 kuersetin asit eşdeğeri (QE)/g, flavonoidler, 825.4 gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE)/g, fenolik bileşikler 366.998 mg tallik asit eşdeğeri (TAE)/g tanenler içerir. İçerdiği fenolik bileşik, flavonoidler ve tanenlerle, soxhlet ekstraktının α- amilaz inhibisyon etkisine (%46) ve diğer ekstraktlardan çok daha fazla radikal temizleme etkinliğine sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. 

References

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  • 2. Arnao, M., Cano, A., Alcolea, J. & Acosta, M. 2001. Estimation of Free Radical-quenching activity of leaf pigment extracts. Phytochemical Analysis, 12(2): 138-143.
  • 3. Aslantürk, Ö.S., Çelik, T.A., Karabey, B. & Karabey, F. 2017. Active Phytochemical Detecting, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Apoptotic Activities of Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Galium aparine L. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15: 1-16.
  • 4. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, ME. & Berset, C. 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, 28: 25-30.
  • 5. Bokhari, J., Khan, M.R., Shabbir, M., Rashid, U., Jan, S & Zai, J.A. 2013. Evaluation of diverse antioxidant activities of Galium aparine. Spectrochim Acta A:Molecular Biomolecular Spectrosopy, 102: 24-29.
  • 6. Cioancă, O., Mircea, C., Hritcu, L., Trifan, A., Mihasan, M., Aprotosoaie, A.C., Robu S., Gille, E. & Hancianu, M. 2015. In vitro-in vivo correlation of the antioxidant capacity of Salviae aetheroleum essential oil. Farmacia, 63(1): 34-39.
  • 7. Cíz, M., Pavelková, M., Gallová, L., Králová, J., Kubala, L. & Lojek, A. 2008. The influence of wine polyphenols on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production by murine macrophages RAW 264.7. Physiological Research, 57: 393-402.
  • 8. Farcas, A.D., Mot, A.C., Zagrean-Tuza, C., Toma, V., Cimpoiu, C., Hosu, A., Parvu, M., Roman, I & Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R. 2018. Chemo-mapping and biochemical modulatory and antioxidant/prooxidant effect of Galium verum extract during acute restraint and dark stress in female rats. PLoS One, 13: 7.
  • 9. Fogliano, V., Verde, V., Randazzo, G. & Ritieni, A. 1999. Method for measuring antioxidant capacity of wines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47: 1035-1040.
  • 10. Füleky, G. 2009. Cultivated Plants, Primarily As Food Sources. Eolss Publishers Co Ltd, 372 pp.
  • 11. Gebick, L. & Banasiak, E. 2009. Role of medicinal in oxidative stres. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 56: 509-513.
  • 12. Harborne, J.B. 1973. Phytochemical methods, London. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 188 pp.
  • 13. Kamble, S. & Gacche, R. 2019. Evaluation of anti-breast cancer, anti-angiogenic and antioxidant properties of selected medicinal plants. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 25: 13-19.
  • 14. Lakić, N., Dukić, N., Isak, J. & Božin, B. 2010. Antioxidant properties of Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae) extracts. Central European Journal of Biology, 5(3): 331-337.
  • 15. Lindsey, K.L., Motsei, M.L & Jäger, A.K. 2002. Screening of South African food plants for antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Sciences, 67: 2129-2131.
  • 16. López, D., Pavelkova, M., Gallová, L., Simonetti, P., Gardana, C., Lojek, C., Loaiza, R. & Mitjavila, M. 2007. Dealcoholized red and white wines decrease oxidative stres associated with inflammation in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 98: 611-619.
  • 17. Neelam, S. & Khan, Z. 2012. Antioxidant activity of Galium aparine L.from Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44: 251-253.
  • 18. Odebiyi, O.O. & Sofowora, F.A. 1978. Plytochemical Screening of Medical Plants IL. Iloyidia, 4(3): 234-246.
  • 19. Pandey, K.B. & Rizvi, S.I. 2009. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2: 270-278.
  • 20. Pohl, F. & Lin, P. 2018. The potential use of plant natural products and plant extracts with antioxidant properties for the prevention/ treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Molecules, 23(12): 3283.
  • 21. Prior, R.L., Wu, X. & Schaich, K. 2005. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in food and dietary supplements. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 53: 4290-4302.
  • 22. Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Bolwell, P.G., Bramley, P.M. & Pridham, J.B. 1995. The relative antioxidant activities of plant derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Radical Research, 22: 375-383.
  • 23. Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J. & Paganga, G. 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Science, 2: 152-159.
  • 24. Roopashree, T.S., Dang, R., Rani, R.H.S. & Narendra. C. 2008. Antibacterial activity of antipsoriatic herbs: Cassia tora, Momordica charantia and Calendula officinalis. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 1: 20-28.
  • 25. Saeed, S.A. & Javed, S. 2007. Exploring the economic value of underutilized plant species in Ayubia national park. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39: 1435-1442.
  • 26. Schanderl, S.H. 1970. Methods in food analysis. New York: Academic Press, 709 pp.
  • 27. Senio, S., Pereira, C., Vaz, J., Sokovic, M., Barros, L. & Ferreira, I. 2018. Dehydration process influences the phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Galium aparine L. Industrial Crops and Products, 120, 97-103.
  • 28. Shirwaikar, A., Rajendran, K. & Punitha, I.S.R. 2006. In vitro antioxidant studies on the benzyl tetra isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29: 1906-1910.
  • 29. Slinkard, K. & Singleton, V.L. 1977. Total Phenol Analysis: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28: 49-55.
  • 30. Sofowora, A. 1993. In Phytochemical screening of medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, Spectrum Books Ltd Nigeria, 289 pp.
  • 31. Soud, R., Hamdan, I. & Afifi, F. 2004. Alpha amylase inhibitory activitv of some plant extracts with hyporrlvcemic activitv. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 72: 25-33.
  • 32. Tlilia, N. & Sarikurkcu, C. 2020. Bioactive compounds profile, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of water extracts from five selected medicinal plants. Industrial Crops & Products, 151 pp.
  • 33. Trease, G.E. & Evans, W.C. 1989. Phenols and Phenolic glycosides. In: Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Balliese, Tindall and Co Publishers, London, 616 pp.
  • 34. Young, I.S. & Woodside, J.V. 2001. Antioxidants in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 54: 176-186.
  • 35. Zengin, G., Sarikurkcu, C., Gunes, E., Uysal, A., Ceylan, R., Uysal, S., Gungor, H. & Aktumsek, A. 2015. Two Ganoderma species: profiling of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD, antioxidant, antimicrobial and inhibitory activities on key enzymes linked to diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and skin disorders. Food & Function, 6(8): 2794-2802.
  • 36. Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T. & Jianming, W. 1999. The Determination of Flavonoid Contents in Mulberry and Their Scavenging Effects on Superoxide Radicals. Food Chemistry, 64: 555-559.

THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium aparine L.

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 17 - 22, 15.04.2021

Merve Bat

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.772976
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Galium aparine L. is an annual herbaceous plant of Rubiaceae family. It has therapeutic effects as contains various bioactive components. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extraction methods on the amount of phytochemical components of G. aparine. The change in the amount of bioactive components directly affects antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. In this study, three different extraction methods, soxhlet, maceration and ultrasonic, using methanol as solvent, were used and the extractions were performed using of G. aparine. The phytochemical components of the extracts was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The soxhlet extraction showed that it contained the highest amount of flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, compared to the other two extraction methods. Obtained soxhlet extraction contained 131.827 g quercetin acid equivalent (QE) flavonoids, 825.4 g as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) phenolic compunds, 366.998 mg as tallic acid (TAE) of tannins. Due to the high amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins it contains, soxhlet extract has been shown to have α-amylase inhibition effect (46%) and much more radical scavenging activity than other extracts.

Keywords

Galium aparine antioxidant activity phenolic compounds α-amylase inhibition

References

  • 1. Airaodion, A., Ogbuagu, E., Ekenjoku, J., Ogbuagu, U. & Airaodion, E. 2019. Therapeutic effect of methanolic extract of Telfaira occidentalis leaves against acute ethanol-induced oxidative stres in wistar rats. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology,11(7): 179-189.
  • 2. Arnao, M., Cano, A., Alcolea, J. & Acosta, M. 2001. Estimation of Free Radical-quenching activity of leaf pigment extracts. Phytochemical Analysis, 12(2): 138-143.
  • 3. Aslantürk, Ö.S., Çelik, T.A., Karabey, B. & Karabey, F. 2017. Active Phytochemical Detecting, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Apoptotic Activities of Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Galium aparine L. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15: 1-16.
  • 4. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, ME. & Berset, C. 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, 28: 25-30.
  • 5. Bokhari, J., Khan, M.R., Shabbir, M., Rashid, U., Jan, S & Zai, J.A. 2013. Evaluation of diverse antioxidant activities of Galium aparine. Spectrochim Acta A:Molecular Biomolecular Spectrosopy, 102: 24-29.
  • 6. Cioancă, O., Mircea, C., Hritcu, L., Trifan, A., Mihasan, M., Aprotosoaie, A.C., Robu S., Gille, E. & Hancianu, M. 2015. In vitro-in vivo correlation of the antioxidant capacity of Salviae aetheroleum essential oil. Farmacia, 63(1): 34-39.
  • 7. Cíz, M., Pavelková, M., Gallová, L., Králová, J., Kubala, L. & Lojek, A. 2008. The influence of wine polyphenols on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production by murine macrophages RAW 264.7. Physiological Research, 57: 393-402.
  • 8. Farcas, A.D., Mot, A.C., Zagrean-Tuza, C., Toma, V., Cimpoiu, C., Hosu, A., Parvu, M., Roman, I & Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R. 2018. Chemo-mapping and biochemical modulatory and antioxidant/prooxidant effect of Galium verum extract during acute restraint and dark stress in female rats. PLoS One, 13: 7.
  • 9. Fogliano, V., Verde, V., Randazzo, G. & Ritieni, A. 1999. Method for measuring antioxidant capacity of wines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47: 1035-1040.
  • 10. Füleky, G. 2009. Cultivated Plants, Primarily As Food Sources. Eolss Publishers Co Ltd, 372 pp.
  • 11. Gebick, L. & Banasiak, E. 2009. Role of medicinal in oxidative stres. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 56: 509-513.
  • 12. Harborne, J.B. 1973. Phytochemical methods, London. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 188 pp.
  • 13. Kamble, S. & Gacche, R. 2019. Evaluation of anti-breast cancer, anti-angiogenic and antioxidant properties of selected medicinal plants. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 25: 13-19.
  • 14. Lakić, N., Dukić, N., Isak, J. & Božin, B. 2010. Antioxidant properties of Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae) extracts. Central European Journal of Biology, 5(3): 331-337.
  • 15. Lindsey, K.L., Motsei, M.L & Jäger, A.K. 2002. Screening of South African food plants for antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Sciences, 67: 2129-2131.
  • 16. López, D., Pavelkova, M., Gallová, L., Simonetti, P., Gardana, C., Lojek, C., Loaiza, R. & Mitjavila, M. 2007. Dealcoholized red and white wines decrease oxidative stres associated with inflammation in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 98: 611-619.
  • 17. Neelam, S. & Khan, Z. 2012. Antioxidant activity of Galium aparine L.from Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44: 251-253.
  • 18. Odebiyi, O.O. & Sofowora, F.A. 1978. Plytochemical Screening of Medical Plants IL. Iloyidia, 4(3): 234-246.
  • 19. Pandey, K.B. & Rizvi, S.I. 2009. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2: 270-278.
  • 20. Pohl, F. & Lin, P. 2018. The potential use of plant natural products and plant extracts with antioxidant properties for the prevention/ treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Molecules, 23(12): 3283.
  • 21. Prior, R.L., Wu, X. & Schaich, K. 2005. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in food and dietary supplements. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 53: 4290-4302.
  • 22. Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Bolwell, P.G., Bramley, P.M. & Pridham, J.B. 1995. The relative antioxidant activities of plant derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Radical Research, 22: 375-383.
  • 23. Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J. & Paganga, G. 1997. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Science, 2: 152-159.
  • 24. Roopashree, T.S., Dang, R., Rani, R.H.S. & Narendra. C. 2008. Antibacterial activity of antipsoriatic herbs: Cassia tora, Momordica charantia and Calendula officinalis. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 1: 20-28.
  • 25. Saeed, S.A. & Javed, S. 2007. Exploring the economic value of underutilized plant species in Ayubia national park. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39: 1435-1442.
  • 26. Schanderl, S.H. 1970. Methods in food analysis. New York: Academic Press, 709 pp.
  • 27. Senio, S., Pereira, C., Vaz, J., Sokovic, M., Barros, L. & Ferreira, I. 2018. Dehydration process influences the phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Galium aparine L. Industrial Crops and Products, 120, 97-103.
  • 28. Shirwaikar, A., Rajendran, K. & Punitha, I.S.R. 2006. In vitro antioxidant studies on the benzyl tetra isoquinoline alkaloid berberine. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29: 1906-1910.
  • 29. Slinkard, K. & Singleton, V.L. 1977. Total Phenol Analysis: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28: 49-55.
  • 30. Sofowora, A. 1993. In Phytochemical screening of medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, Spectrum Books Ltd Nigeria, 289 pp.
  • 31. Soud, R., Hamdan, I. & Afifi, F. 2004. Alpha amylase inhibitory activitv of some plant extracts with hyporrlvcemic activitv. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 72: 25-33.
  • 32. Tlilia, N. & Sarikurkcu, C. 2020. Bioactive compounds profile, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of water extracts from five selected medicinal plants. Industrial Crops & Products, 151 pp.
  • 33. Trease, G.E. & Evans, W.C. 1989. Phenols and Phenolic glycosides. In: Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Balliese, Tindall and Co Publishers, London, 616 pp.
  • 34. Young, I.S. & Woodside, J.V. 2001. Antioxidants in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 54: 176-186.
  • 35. Zengin, G., Sarikurkcu, C., Gunes, E., Uysal, A., Ceylan, R., Uysal, S., Gungor, H. & Aktumsek, A. 2015. Two Ganoderma species: profiling of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD, antioxidant, antimicrobial and inhibitory activities on key enzymes linked to diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and skin disorders. Food & Function, 6(8): 2794-2802.
  • 36. Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T. & Jianming, W. 1999. The Determination of Flavonoid Contents in Mulberry and Their Scavenging Effects on Superoxide Radicals. Food Chemistry, 64: 555-559.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Article/Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Merve Bat 0000-0002-6912-8825

Publication Date April 15, 2021
Submission Date July 24, 2020
Acceptance Date October 23, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bat, M. (2021). THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium aparine L. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 22(1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.772976
AMA Bat M. THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium aparine L. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. April 2021;22(1):17-22. doi:10.23902/trkjnat.772976
Chicago Bat, Merve. “THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium Aparine L”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 22, no. 1 (April 2021): 17-22. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.772976.
EndNote Bat M (April 1, 2021) THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium aparine L. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 22 1 17–22.
IEEE M. Bat, “THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium aparine L”., Trakya Univ J Nat Sci, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 17–22, 2021, doi: 10.23902/trkjnat.772976.
ISNAD Bat, Merve. “THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium Aparine L”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 22/1 (April 2021), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.772976.
JAMA Bat M. THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium aparine L. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2021;22:17–22.
MLA Bat, Merve. “THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium Aparine L”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, vol. 22, no. 1, 2021, pp. 17-22, doi:10.23902/trkjnat.772976.
Vancouver Bat M. THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION METHODS ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF Galium aparine L. Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2021;22(1):17-22.

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