Egzersiz Motivasyonları Envanterinin (EMI‐2) Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması ve Lise Öğrencilerinin Egzersize Katılım Motivasyonları

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 01.04.2024

Melike Taşbilek Yoncalık , Orhan Yoncalık

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Markland ve Ingledew’in (1997) geliştirdiği Egzersiz Motivasyonları Envanterinin (EMI-2) Türk kültürüne uyarlanması ve lise öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktiviteye katılım motivasyonlarının ölçülmesidir. Çalışmada Kırıkkale il merkezinde bulunan Anadolu liselerinin 12. sınıflarında öğrenim gören 481 öğrencinin görüşü değerlendirilmiştir. Orijinal ölçek 51 madde ve 14 alt faktörden oluşurken, 6’li Likert tipi değerlendirmeye sahiptir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini belirlemek için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA); güvenirliğini sınamak için Cronbach’s Alpha ve Spearman Brown analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, lise öğrencilerinin egzersize katılım motivasyonlarını belirlemek için uyarlanan EMI‐2’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin vermiş oldukları cevaplar analiz edildiğinde ölçeği oluşturan 14 faktörün 6’sında cinsiyetler arası anlamlı farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Kızlara göre erkek öğrenciler, egzersize katılımda “Güç ve Dayanıklılık”, “Sosyal Tanınma”, ”Yarışma/Rekabet”, “Eğlence/Haz Alma” ve “Ait Olma/Bağ Kurma” faktörlerine anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek değerler vermişlerdir. “Kilo Kontrolü” faktöründe ise kız öğrencilerin puanı anlamlı derecede daha yüksektir.

Keywords

Egzersize katılımı, egzersiz katılım, güdü, öğrenci

Adaptation of the Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2) into Turkish Culture and High School Students' Motivations for Participation in Exercise

Abstract

The aim of this study was to adapt the Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2) developed by Markland and Ingledew (1997) into Turkish culture and to measure high school students’ motivations to participate in physical activity. In the study, the opinions of 481 students studying in the 12th grades of Anatolian high schools in Kırıkkale city center were evaluated. The original scale consists of 51 items and 14 sub-factors and has a 6-point Likert-type assessment. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine the construct validity of the scale. Moreover, Cronbach's Alpha and Spearman Brown analyses were conducted to test its reliability. The findings of the analyses revealed that the EMI-2, which was adapted to determine high school students' motivation to participate in exercise, is a valid and reliable instrument. When the answers given by the students participating in the study were analyzed, it was seen that there was a significant difference between genders in 6 of the 14 sub-factors of the scale. Compared to girls, male students gave significantly higher values to the factors of "Strength and Endurance", "Social Recognition", "Competition", "Enjoyment" and "Affiliation" in exercise participation. In the "Weight Control" factor, the scores of female students were significantly higher.

Keywords

Physical activity, Exercise Participation, Motive, Student

References

• Aegisdottir, S., Gerstein, L. A. and Cinarbas, DC. (2008). Methodological issues in cross-cultural counseling research: Equivalence, bias, and translations. Counseling Psychologist, 36(2), 188-219.
• Aycan, A. ve Yıldız, K. (2016). 11-14 yaş grubu öğrencilerin spora katılım motivasyonlarının cinsiyetleri açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Social Science Research, 5(2), 1-9.
• Batouli, S. A. H. and Saba, V. (2017). At least eighty percent of brain grey matter is modifiable by physical activity: A review study. Behavioural brain research, (332), 204-217.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi. https://doi.org/10.145279789756802748
• Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (Third Edit). Routledge.
• Campos, L. A., Dos Santos, A., Sampaio, M. M. B., Marôco, J. and Campos, J. A. D. B. (2022). Exercise motives among university students–A Brazil-Portugal transnational study. Frontiers in Psychology, (13), 1009762.
• Cerar, K., Kondrič, M., Ochiana, N. and Sindik, J. (2017). Exercise participation motives and engaging in sports activity among University of Ljubljana students. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(6):794-799.
• Dacey, M. L. (2004). Exercise Motivations Inventory-revised (EMI-2) applied to older adults: Exploratory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75(1), A-38.
• Demir, G. T. ve Cicioğlu, H. İ. (2019). Fiziksel aktiviteye katilim motivasyonu ile dijital oyun oynama motivasyonu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(3), 23-34.
• Dongwook, J. and Sehyung Kim. (2022). Analysis of differences in motivation to participate in sports according to gender and grade of college students using the short version EMI-2. Korean Journal of Sports Science , 31 (2), 673-687.
• Egli, T., Bland, H. W., Melton, B. F. and Czech, D. R. (2011). Influence of age, sex, and race on college students’ exercise motivation of physical activity. Journal of American college health, 59(5), 399-406.
• EMI-2 in other languages, Bangor University. (2023, Aralık). http://exercise-motivation.bangor.ac.uk/emi/foreign.php
• Guedes, D. P., Legnani, R. F. S. and Legnani, E. (2012a). Propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, (18), 667-677.
• Guedes, D. P., Legnani, R. F. S. and Legnani, E. (2012b). Reasons for physical exercise practice in university students according to body mass index. Revitas Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, 17(4), 270-274.
• Gürbüz, S. (2021). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Hu, L. and Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
• Karl Spiteri, I., John Xerri de Caro, I. I., Grafton III, K. and Broom IV, D. (2022). Psychometric testing of the Maltese versions of the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale and Exercise Motivation Inventory–2. Health Psychology Research, 10(3). 1-9.
• Kilpatrick, M., Hebert, E. and Bartholomev, J. (2005). College Students’ Motivation for Physical Activity. Differentiating Men’s and Women’s Motives for Sport Participation and Exercise. Journal of American College Health. 54(2), 87-94.
• Kim, S. H. and Cho, D. (2022). Validation of exercise motivations inventory–2 (EMI-2) scale for college students. Journal of American college health, 70(1), 114-121.
• Legnani, R. F. S., Guedes, D. P., Legnani, E., Barbosa Filho, V. C., and Campos, W. D. (2011). Motivational factors associated with physical exercise in college students. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 33(3), 761-772.
• Markland, D. (2009). The mediating role of behavioural regulations in the relationship between perceived body size discrepancies and physical activity among adult women. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6(2), 169-182.
• Markland, D., & Ingledew, D. K. (1997). The measurement of exercise motives: Factorial validity and invariance across gender of a revised Exercise Motivations Inventory. British Journal of Health Psychology, 2(4), 361-376.
• Panão, I. and Carraça, E. V. (2020). Effects of exercise motivations on body image and eating habits/behaviours: A systematic review. Nutrition & Dietetics, 77(1), 41-59.
• Rodrigues, F., Moutão, J. O. Ã. O., Teixeira, D., Cid, L. and Monteiro, D. (2022). Examining exercise motives between gender, age and activity: A first-order scale analysis and measurement invariance. Current Psychology, 41(1), 112-125.
• Sehyung K. and Dongwook J. (2020). Development and comparison of shortened versions of the Korean and American college student Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) using the Rasch rating scale model. Korean Journal of Sports Science, 29 (5), 1223-1239.
• Sirard, J. R., Pfeiffer, K. A. and Pate, R. R. (2006). Motivational factors associated with sports program participation in middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(6), 696-703.
• Şirin, E. F. (2008). Futbolcu kızların (12-15 yaş) spora katılım motivasyonlarının belirlenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 1-7.
• Vučković, V., Krejač, K. and Kajtna, T. (2022). Exercise motives of college students after the Covid-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 6977.