Examination Of Physical Activity And Body Composıtıon Levels Of Adolescents

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 271 - 278, 31.12.2022

Yağmur Yıldız , Özcan Saygın , Akan Bayrakdar

Abstract

Purpose of the Study: The study aimed to examine adolescents' physical activity and body composition levels according to various variables. Materials and Methods: The participant group of this study consisted of a total of 1104 children (551 girls and 553 boys between the ages of 10-14, enrolled in primary schools in Ankara. In our study, physical activity questionnaire for children (PAQ-C) scale was used to determine the weight, height, BMI measurements, and physical activity level. Result: According to the findings, a significant difference was found in the physical activity levels of boys according to the types of transportation to school (p<0.05). When children's sleep duration is examined, boys' and girls' BMI and physical activity levels are similar (p>0.05). Significant differences were found in the BMI and physical activity levels of both boys and girls during the daily use of the technological device (p<0.05). A negative correlation (p<0.05) was found between the daily use of technological devices, sleep duration, and physical activity levels of boys and girls, and a positive correlation with BMI (p<0.05). Conclusions: Prolonged screen time is thought to affect body composition and physical activity level negatively. It is thought that the sleeping time should be 8 hours and the screen time should be less in order for BMI and physical activity level to be at appropriate levels.

Keywords

Physical Activity, Body Composition, Sleep, Television, Smartphone

References

• 1. Barlow SE, Trowbridge FL, Klish WS, Dietz WH. Treatment of child and adolescent obesity: reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners and registered dietitians. Pediatrics,2002;110:229–235. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/110/Supplement_1/229.
• 2. Bayrakdar A, Yıldız Y, Bayraktar I. Do e-athletes move? A study on physical activity level and body composition in elite e-sports. Physical Education Of Students, 2020; 24(5): 259-264. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0501.
• 3. Bel-Serrat S, Mouratidou T, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Iacoviello L, Kourides YA, Marild S, Stomfai S. Clustering of multiple lifestyle behaviours and its association to cardiovascular risk factors in children: The idefics study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013; 67(8): 848–854. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.84.
• 4. Braithwaite I, Stewart AW, Hancox RJ, Beasley R, Murphy R, Mitchell EA, Group IPTS. The worldwide association between television viewing and obesity in children and adolescents: Cross-sectional study. Plos One, 2013;8(9):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074263.
• 5. Brown A. Media use by children younger than 2 years. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 2011;128(5):1040–1045. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1753.
• 6. Bruni O, Sette S, Fontanesi L, Baiocco R, Lagh F, Baumgartner E. Technology use and sleep quality in preadolescence and adolescence. Journal of clinical sleep medicine. Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2015;11(12):1433. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5282.
• 7. Çelik A, Şahin M. Spor ve çocuk gelişimi. International Journal of Social Science, 2013; 6(1): 467-478.
• 8. Cespedes EM, Gillman MW, Kleinman K, Rifas-Shiman SL, Redline S, Taveras EM. Television viewing, bedroom television, and sleep duration from infancy to midchildhood. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014;133(5):1163–1171. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-3998.
• 9. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ, 2000;320(7244):1240. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240.
• 10. Cole TJ, Faith MS, Pietrobelli A, Heo M. What is the best measure of adiposity change in growing children: BMI, BMI%, BMI z-score or BMI centile?. European journal of clinical nutrition, 2005;59(3):419-425. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602090.
• 11. Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, Jackson A A. Body mass index cut-offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. BMJ, 2007;335(7612):194. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39238.399444.55.
• 12. Cox R, Skouteris H, Rutherford L, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Hardy LL. Television viewing, television content, food intake, physical activity and body mass index: A cross-sectional study of preschool children aged 2-6 years. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 2012; 23(1):58–62. https://doi.org/10.1071/HE12058.
• 13. Crocker PR, Bailey DA, Faulkner RA., Kowalski KC, McGrath R. Measuring general levels of physical activity: preliminary evidence for the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. Medicine And Science In Sports And Exercise, 1997;29(10):1344-1349. 10.1097/00005768-199710000-00011.
• 14. Dağcı, G., & Saygın, Ö. Investigation of physical activity levels and body compositions of adolescent boys and girls. Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 2005: 9(3); 385-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/09735070.2015.11905456.
• 15. Del Pozo-Cruz B, Gant N, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Maddison R. Relationships between sleep duration, physical activity and body mass index in young New Zealanders: An isotemporal substitution analysis. PloS One. 2017:12(9);e0184472. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184472.
• 16. Erdim L, Ergun A, Kuguoglu S.71 Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2012:97(Suppl2); A20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302724.0071.
• 17. Ergün S, Erol S. Okul Çağı Çocuklarında Egzersizden Hoşlanma İle Fiziksel Aktivite Arasındaki İlişki. Halk Sağlığı Kongresi, Edirne. 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11424/25521.
• 18. Gortmaker SL, Must A, Sobol AM, Peterson K, Colditz GA, Dietz WH. Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1996;150(4):356–362. https://doi:10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170290022003.
• 19. Guzek D, Skolmowska D, Głąbska, D. Associations between Food Preferences, Food Approach, and Food Avoidance in a Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study Population. Nutrients, 2021;13(7);24-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072427.
• 20. Hancox RJ, Poulton R. Watching television is associated with childhood obesity: But is it clinically important? International Journal of Obesity, 2006 ;30(1):171–175. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803071.
• 21. Howie EK, Coenen P, Campbell AC, Ranelli S, Straker LM.Head, trunk and arm posture amplitude and variation, muscle activity, sedentariness and physical activity of 3 to 5 year-old children during tablet computer use compared to television watching and toy play. Applied Ergonomics, 2017;65: 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.05.011.
• 22. M, Pallesen S, Stormark KM, Jakobsen R, Lundervold AJ, Sivertsen B. Sleep and use of electronic devices in adolescence: results from a large population-based study. BMJ Open, 2015; 5(1);e006748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006748.
• 23. Jacob, CM, Hardy-Johnson, PL, Inskip HM, Morris T, Parsons CM, Barrett M, Baird J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions with health education to reduce body mass index in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2021:18(1);1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01065-9.
• 24. Karadeniz S. 12-14 yaş ortaokul öğrencilerinde beslenme, fiziksel aktivite ve obezite ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Sivas il örneği). Master's thesis, Hitit Üniversitesi. 2017 https://hdl.handle.net/11491/421.
• 25. Kocevska D, Muetzel RL, Luik AI, Luijk MP, Jaddoe VW, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. The developmental course of sleep disturbances across childhood relates to brain morphology at age 7: the Generation R Study. Sleep. 2017;40(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw022.
• 26. Kowalski KC, Crocker PR, Faulkner RA. Validation of the physical activity questionnaire for older children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 1997:9(2);174-186. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.9.2.174.
• 27. Levenson JC, Shensa A, Sidani JE, Colditz B, Primack BA. The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults. Preventive Medicine, 2016; (85);36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.001.
• 28. Li S, Jin X, Wu S, Jiang F, Yan C, Shen X. The impact of media use on sleep patterns and sleep disorders among school-aged children in China. Sleep, 2007;30(3):361–367. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/30.3.361.
• 29. Metinoğlu I, Pekol S, Metinoğlu Y. Kastamonu’da 10- 12 Yaş Grubu Öğrencilerde Obezite Prevalansı ve Etkileyen Faktörler. ACU Sağlık Bil Dergisi, 2012; (3):117-23.
• 30. Mustafaoğlu R, Yasacı Z. Dijital oyun oynamanın çocukların ruhsal ve fiziksel sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi. 2018; 19(3):51-58. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/515113.
• 31. Mustafaoğlu R, Zirek E, Yasacı Z, Özdinçler AR. Dijital teknoloji kullanımının çocukların gelişimi ve sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkileri. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 2018;5(2): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2018.5.2.0051 .
• 32. Papadopoulou SK, Feidantsis KG, Hassapidou, MN, Methenitis S.The Specific Impact of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Adolescents’ Body Composition and Energy Balance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2020;1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1773374.
• 33. Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D'Ambrosio C, Hall WA, Kotagal S, Lloyd RM, Wise MS. Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: a consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Journal Of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2016;12(6): 785-786. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5866.
• 34. Rasmussen MGB, Pedersen J, Olesen LG, Brage S, Klakk H, Kristensen PL, Grøntved A. Short-term efficacy of reducing screen media use on physical activity, sleep, and physiological stress in families with children aged 4–14: study protocol for the SCREENS randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 2020;20(1);1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8458-6.
• 35. Rosen LD, Lim A, Felt J, Carrier LM, Cheever NA, Lara-Ruiz J, Rokkum, J. Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits. Computers in Human Behavior, 2014; (35):364–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.036.
• 36. Sancak R, Dündar C, Totan M. Ortaokul ve Lise Öğrencilerinde Obezite Prevalansı Ve Predispozan Faktörler. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 1999:16(1);19-24. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/189574.
• 37. Sandercock GR, Ogunleye A, Voss C. Screen time and physical activity in youth: thief of time or lifestyle choice?. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2012:9(7);977-984. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.7.977.
• 38. Saygın Ö, Ceylan Hİ. Ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinin beden kütle indeksi ile günlük adım sayısının yaşa ve cinsiyete göre karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Spor Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 2017:3(4);142-152. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.337683.
• 39. Saygın Ö, Polat Y, Karacabey K. Çocuklarda hareket eğitiminin fiziksel uygunluk özelliklerine etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi, 2005:19(3);205-212. http://veteriner.fusabil.org/text.php3?id=390.
• 40. Sisson SB, Broyles ST, Baker BL, Katzmarzyk PT. Screen time, physical activity, and overweight in US youth: National Survey of Children's Health 2003. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2010: 47(3);09-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.02.016.
• 41. Strasburger VC, Jordan AB, Donnerstein E. Health effects of media on children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 2010:125(4);756-767. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2563.
• 42. Tremblay MS, Esliger W, Tremblay A, Colley R. Incidental movement, lifestyle-embedded activity and sleep: new frontiers in physical activity assessment. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2007:32(S2E);S208-S217. https://doi.org/10.1139/H07-130.
• 43. Ulutaş A, Atla P, Say ZA, Sarı, E. Okul çağındaki 6-18 yaş arası obez çocuklarda obezite oluşumunu etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, 2014; 45(4): 192-196. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktb.47785.
• 44. Wen LM, Baur LA, Rissel C, Xu H, Simpson JM. Correlates of body mass index and overweight and obesity of children aged 2 years: Findings from the healthy beginnings trial. Obesity a Research Journal, 2014:22(7); 1723–1730. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20700.
• 45. Williams CL, Hayman LL, Daniels SR, Robinson TN, Steinberger J, Paridon S, Bazzarre T. Cardiovascular health in childhood: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young (AHOY) of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Circulation, 2002: 106(1);143-160. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000019555.61092.9E.
• 46. Yılmaz M, Kundakçı GA, Dereli F, Oztornacı BO, Cetişli NE. İlköğretim Öğrencilerinde Yaş ve Cinsiyete Göre Obezite ve İlişkili Özellikler Obezite ve İlişkili Faktörler. Güncel Pediatri, 2019: 17(1);127-140. http://hdl.handle.net/11452/11351.