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Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifinden Kadınların Vajinismus Deneyimlerine Bakmak

Year 2023, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 89 - 110, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1082614

Abstract

Tıbbi söylemde, bir kadın cinsel işlev bozukluğu olarak tanımlanan vajinismus, günümüzde genellikle DSM, ICD gibi tıbbi sınıflandırma sistemlerinin kriterlerine göre biyomedikal bakış açısıyla ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, vajinismusun tıbbileştirilmesini, Türkiye’de vajinismus yaşayan kadınların deneyimleri üzerinden, sosyal hizmet bağlamında değerlendirmektir. Çalışma kapsamında nitel araştırma yaklaşımı kullanılmış ve vajinismus deneyimine sahip 22 kadınla derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, katılımcıların vajinismusu fiziksel ya da psikolojik bir hastalık olarak görmedikleri, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve kadın cinselliğinin tabu olarak görülmesinden etkilenen bir durum olarak algıladıkları anlaşılmıştır. Kadınlığa dair sosyal inşalar, partnerlerin çeşitli tutumları ve sosyo-ekonomik faktörler vajinismus sürecini etkilemektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin giderilmesi, cinselliğin konuşulabilir hale getirilmesi, cinsellik eğitimleri, ücretsiz ve kolay ulaşılabilir destek alma mekanizmalarının sağlanması vajinismus bağlamında önemli görülmektedir. Vajinismusun, yalnızca heteronormativite odağında cinsel birleşme işlevinin sağlatılmasına indirgenen tıbbi çözümlerinin, kadınların gerçek sorunlarına çözüm olmada yeterli olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Geniş mesleki zenginliğiyle sosyal hizmetin, vajinismusta deneyimleri bütüncül ele alma, kadınları anlama, kadınlara kendi kaderlerini tayin etmede yardımcı olma ve takip etmek istedikleri yolda pek çok açıdan destek verme gibi uygulamalarla önemli bir mekanizma olduğu düşünülmektedir. Kadın cinsel sorunlarının ele alınması sürecine sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının dahil olması önemli görülmektedir.

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • APA. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical of Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • APA. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders : DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • APA. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical of Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Basson, R. (2000). The Female Sexual Response: A Different Model. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 26(1), 51-65.
  • Basson, R. (2005). Women's Sexual Dysfunction: Revised and Expanded Definitions. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 172(10), 1327-1333.
  • Basson, R., Leiblum, S., Brotto, L., Derogatis, L., Fourcroy, J., Fugl-Meyer, K., . . . Weijmar Schultz, W. (2003). Definitions of Women's Sexual Dysfunction Reconsidered: Advocating Expansion and Revision. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 24(4), 221-229.
  • Bay-Cheng, L. Y. (2010). Justifying Sex: The Place of Women's Sexuality on a Social Justice Agenda. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 91, 97-103.
  • Blaxter, M. (2009). The case of the vanishing patient? Image and experience. Sociology of Health and Illness, 31(5), 762-778.
  • CETAD. (2022, 2 17). Vajinismus. Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği İnternet Sayfası: https://www.cetad.org.tr/menu/21/vajinismus adresinden alındı
  • CETAD. (2022, 2 20). Cinsel Haklar Nelerdir? Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği İnternet Sayfası: https://www.cetad.org.tr/73/sik-sorulan-sorular/50/cinsel-haklar-nelerdir adresinden alındı
  • Çeri, Ö. (2009). Vajinimus Tanısı Alan Kadınlar ve Eşlerinde Temel Bilişsel Şemalar ile Bağlanma Stillerinin İncelenmesi. Ankara: Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • D’cruz, M., & Andrade, C. (2020). Nosology of the Sexual Dysfunctions: Are They Appropriate to Older Adults? Journal of Psychosexual Health, 2(2), 139-145.
  • Erden, C. (2009). Eşleri Vajinismus Olan Erkeklerin Ruhsal Profillerinin Normal Popülasyonla Karşılaştırılması. İstanbul: Uzmanlık Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.
  • Farrell, J., & Cacchioni, T. (2012). The Medicalization of Women's Sexual Pain. The Journal of Sex Research, 49(4), 328-336.
  • Haire, G. (2021). When the Body Says No: The Experience of Vaginismus and the Validity of Female Pain. Brief Encounters, 5(1), 29-41.
  • İncesu, C. (1998). Cinsel İşlevin Fizyolojisi. Cinsel İşlev Bozuklukları Monograf Serisi(1), 3-11.
  • Kaplan, H. (1979). Disorders of Sexual Desire and Other New Concepts and Techniques in Sex Therapy. New York: Brunner/ Hazel Publications.
  • Kaschak, E., & Tiefer, L. (2001). A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. New York: Haworth Press.
  • Keçe, A. C. (2012). Bir Kaçınma ve Erteleme Hastalığı Olan Vajinismus'un Üstesinden Gelmek. İstanbul: Pusula Yayınevi.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2019). Sosyolojide ve Antropolojide Niteliksel Yöntem ve Araştırma (6. Baskı b.). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Kwan, K. (2015). Sexual dysfunctions in marriage: a qualitative study of couples' perspectives in Hong Kong. China Journal of Social Work, 8(1), 47-64.
  • Leiblum, S. R. (2002). Reconsidering gender differences in sexual desire: An update. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 17(1), 57-68.
  • Margolin, L. (2017). Dilators, Q-tips, and Extortion: How to Train a Woman for Intercourse in the “Post-Feminist” Era. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 29(4), 189-204.
  • Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human Sexual Response. Boston: Little Brown and Co.
  • Pacik, P. T. (2011). Vaginismus: Review of Current Concepts and Treatment Using Botox Injections, Bupivacaine Injections, and Progressive Dilation with the Patient Under Anesthesia. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 35(6), 1160-1164.
  • Parish, S. J., Cottler-Casanova, S., Clayton, A. H., McCabe, M. P., Coleman, E., & Reed, G. M. (2020). The Evolution of the Female Sexual Disorder/Dysfunction Definitions, Nomenclature, and Classifications: A Review of DSM, ICSM, ISSWSH, and ICD. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 9(1), 36-56.
  • Pernrud, B. (2003). Body, Mind and Sexual Dysfunctions. Gender and Power in the New Europe, the 5th European Feminist Research Conference, (s. 1-10). Lund.
  • Riessman, C. K. (1983). Women and medicalization: a new perspective. Social Policy, 14(1), 3-18.
  • Şen, N. (2021). Vajinismusun Üstesinden Gelmek: Türkiye'de Bir Başarı Hikayesi Olarak Cinsel Birleşme. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 45-75.
  • Taylor, C. (2015). Female Sexual Dysfunction, Feminist Sexology, and the Psychiatry of the Normal. Feminist Studies, 41(2), 259-292.
  • Tiefer, L. (1988). A Feminist Critique of the Sexual Dysfunction Nomenclature. Women & Therapy, 7(2-3), 5-21.
  • Tiefer, L. (2005). Procter & Gamble's testosterone patch for women: A case study in the medicalization of sexuality. Plenary presentation at the World Association of Sexology. Montreal, Canada.
  • Tosh, J., & Carson, K. (2016). A Desire to be ‘Normal’? A Discursive and Intersectional Analysis of ‘Penetration Disorder’. Intersectionalities: A Global Journal of Social Work Analysis, Research, Polity, and Practice, 5(3), 151-172.
  • Tsai, T.-F., Yeh, C.-H., & Hwang, T. I. (2011). Female Sexual Dysfunction: Physiology, Epidemiology, Classification, Evaluation and Treatment. Urological Science, 22(1), 7-13.
  • Turan Yunusoğlu, Y. (2021). Yatak Odasındaki Kalabalık Türkiye'de Kadınların Vajinismus Deneyimleri. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Winton, M. A. (2000). The Medicalization of Male Sexual Dysfunctions: An Analysis of Sex Therapy Journals. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 25(4), 231-239.
  • Wood, J. M., Koch, P. B., & Mansfield, P. K. (2006). Women's Sexual Desire: A Feminist Critique. The Journal of Sex Research, 43(3), 236-244.

Medicalization of Vaginismus and Social Work: Women with Experience of Vaginismus in Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 89 - 110, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1082614

Abstract

In medical discourse, vaginismus, which is defined as a female sexual dysfunction, is generally considered from a biomedical point of view according to the criteria of medical classification systems such as DSM and ICD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the medicalization of vaginismus in the context of social work through the experiences of women having vaginismus in Turkey. Within the scope of the study, a qualitative research approach is used and in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 women with vaginismus experience. As a result of the analysis, it is understood that the participants do not see vaginismus as a physical or psychological disease, but as a situation affected by gender inequality and female sexuality being seen as taboo. Social constructions of femininity, various attitudes of partners and socio-economic factors affect the vaginismus process. Elimination of gender inequality, making sexuality talkable, sexuality education, and providing free and easily accessible support mechanisms are considered important in the context of vaginismus. It is thought that the medical solutions of vaginismus, which are reduced to providing the sexual intercourse function only in the focus of heteronormativity, are not sufficient to solve the real problems of women. With its wide professional wealth, social work is thought to be an important mechanism with practices such as holistic approach to vaginismus experiences, understanding women, helping women determine their own destiny, and supporting them in many ways on the path they want to follow. It is considered important that social workers are involved in the process of addressing women's sexual problems.

Project Number

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References

  • APA. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical of Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • APA. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders : DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • APA. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical of Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Basson, R. (2000). The Female Sexual Response: A Different Model. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 26(1), 51-65.
  • Basson, R. (2005). Women's Sexual Dysfunction: Revised and Expanded Definitions. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 172(10), 1327-1333.
  • Basson, R., Leiblum, S., Brotto, L., Derogatis, L., Fourcroy, J., Fugl-Meyer, K., . . . Weijmar Schultz, W. (2003). Definitions of Women's Sexual Dysfunction Reconsidered: Advocating Expansion and Revision. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 24(4), 221-229.
  • Bay-Cheng, L. Y. (2010). Justifying Sex: The Place of Women's Sexuality on a Social Justice Agenda. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 91, 97-103.
  • Blaxter, M. (2009). The case of the vanishing patient? Image and experience. Sociology of Health and Illness, 31(5), 762-778.
  • CETAD. (2022, 2 17). Vajinismus. Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği İnternet Sayfası: https://www.cetad.org.tr/menu/21/vajinismus adresinden alındı
  • CETAD. (2022, 2 20). Cinsel Haklar Nelerdir? Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği İnternet Sayfası: https://www.cetad.org.tr/73/sik-sorulan-sorular/50/cinsel-haklar-nelerdir adresinden alındı
  • Çeri, Ö. (2009). Vajinimus Tanısı Alan Kadınlar ve Eşlerinde Temel Bilişsel Şemalar ile Bağlanma Stillerinin İncelenmesi. Ankara: Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • D’cruz, M., & Andrade, C. (2020). Nosology of the Sexual Dysfunctions: Are They Appropriate to Older Adults? Journal of Psychosexual Health, 2(2), 139-145.
  • Erden, C. (2009). Eşleri Vajinismus Olan Erkeklerin Ruhsal Profillerinin Normal Popülasyonla Karşılaştırılması. İstanbul: Uzmanlık Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.
  • Farrell, J., & Cacchioni, T. (2012). The Medicalization of Women's Sexual Pain. The Journal of Sex Research, 49(4), 328-336.
  • Haire, G. (2021). When the Body Says No: The Experience of Vaginismus and the Validity of Female Pain. Brief Encounters, 5(1), 29-41.
  • İncesu, C. (1998). Cinsel İşlevin Fizyolojisi. Cinsel İşlev Bozuklukları Monograf Serisi(1), 3-11.
  • Kaplan, H. (1979). Disorders of Sexual Desire and Other New Concepts and Techniques in Sex Therapy. New York: Brunner/ Hazel Publications.
  • Kaschak, E., & Tiefer, L. (2001). A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. New York: Haworth Press.
  • Keçe, A. C. (2012). Bir Kaçınma ve Erteleme Hastalığı Olan Vajinismus'un Üstesinden Gelmek. İstanbul: Pusula Yayınevi.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2019). Sosyolojide ve Antropolojide Niteliksel Yöntem ve Araştırma (6. Baskı b.). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Kwan, K. (2015). Sexual dysfunctions in marriage: a qualitative study of couples' perspectives in Hong Kong. China Journal of Social Work, 8(1), 47-64.
  • Leiblum, S. R. (2002). Reconsidering gender differences in sexual desire: An update. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 17(1), 57-68.
  • Margolin, L. (2017). Dilators, Q-tips, and Extortion: How to Train a Woman for Intercourse in the “Post-Feminist” Era. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 29(4), 189-204.
  • Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human Sexual Response. Boston: Little Brown and Co.
  • Pacik, P. T. (2011). Vaginismus: Review of Current Concepts and Treatment Using Botox Injections, Bupivacaine Injections, and Progressive Dilation with the Patient Under Anesthesia. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 35(6), 1160-1164.
  • Parish, S. J., Cottler-Casanova, S., Clayton, A. H., McCabe, M. P., Coleman, E., & Reed, G. M. (2020). The Evolution of the Female Sexual Disorder/Dysfunction Definitions, Nomenclature, and Classifications: A Review of DSM, ICSM, ISSWSH, and ICD. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 9(1), 36-56.
  • Pernrud, B. (2003). Body, Mind and Sexual Dysfunctions. Gender and Power in the New Europe, the 5th European Feminist Research Conference, (s. 1-10). Lund.
  • Riessman, C. K. (1983). Women and medicalization: a new perspective. Social Policy, 14(1), 3-18.
  • Şen, N. (2021). Vajinismusun Üstesinden Gelmek: Türkiye'de Bir Başarı Hikayesi Olarak Cinsel Birleşme. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 45-75.
  • Taylor, C. (2015). Female Sexual Dysfunction, Feminist Sexology, and the Psychiatry of the Normal. Feminist Studies, 41(2), 259-292.
  • Tiefer, L. (1988). A Feminist Critique of the Sexual Dysfunction Nomenclature. Women & Therapy, 7(2-3), 5-21.
  • Tiefer, L. (2005). Procter & Gamble's testosterone patch for women: A case study in the medicalization of sexuality. Plenary presentation at the World Association of Sexology. Montreal, Canada.
  • Tosh, J., & Carson, K. (2016). A Desire to be ‘Normal’? A Discursive and Intersectional Analysis of ‘Penetration Disorder’. Intersectionalities: A Global Journal of Social Work Analysis, Research, Polity, and Practice, 5(3), 151-172.
  • Tsai, T.-F., Yeh, C.-H., & Hwang, T. I. (2011). Female Sexual Dysfunction: Physiology, Epidemiology, Classification, Evaluation and Treatment. Urological Science, 22(1), 7-13.
  • Turan Yunusoğlu, Y. (2021). Yatak Odasındaki Kalabalık Türkiye'de Kadınların Vajinismus Deneyimleri. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Winton, M. A. (2000). The Medicalization of Male Sexual Dysfunctions: An Analysis of Sex Therapy Journals. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 25(4), 231-239.
  • Wood, J. M., Koch, P. B., & Mansfield, P. K. (2006). Women's Sexual Desire: A Feminist Critique. The Journal of Sex Research, 43(3), 236-244.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şükran Kolay Çepni 0000-0002-5237-6291

Cengiz Özbesler 0000-0002-1397-6913

Project Number -
Publication Date January 31, 2023
Submission Date March 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 34 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kolay Çepni, Ş., & Özbesler, C. (2023). Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifinden Kadınların Vajinismus Deneyimlerine Bakmak. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 34(1), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1082614