AİNOS (ENEZ)’ TAN ELE GEÇEN KIRMIZI FİGÜRLÜ KERAMİKLER: GEÇ ARKAİK DÖNEM’DEN MÖ 5. YÜZYIL SONUNA KADAR TARİHLENEN BULUNTULAR

Year 2017, Issue: 20, 93 - 116, 01.03.2017

Reyhan Şahin

Abstract

Bu makaleninin konusunu Ainos (Enez) Kazısı’nda bulunan kırmızı figürlü keramikler oluşturmaktadır. İncelenen
buluntular MÖ 6. yüzyıl sonundan MÖ 5. yüzyıl sonuna kadar tarihlenen örnekleri kapsamaktadır. Buluntular Antik
Kent Nekropolis alanınındaki dolgu tabakalarından, sınırlı sayıdaki kontekst mezar buluntusundan ve günümüzde
Orta Çağ Kalesinin yer aldığı Antik Çağ Akropolünden ele geçen örneklerden oluşmaktadır.
Attika–Delos Deniz birliği üyesi olan Ainos MÖ 5. yüzyıl boyunca Attika’nın müttefiklerinden biriydi. Eldeki
buluntular Attika üretimi kırmızı figürlü keramiklerin MÖ 6. yüzyıl sonundan itibaren MÖ 5. yüzyıl boyunca ithal
edildiklerini göstermektedir. Tespit edilen ressamlar, kap formları ve kaplar üzerinde tasvir edilen konular Atina
ile paralellik göstermektedir. Kalyks ve çan kraterler, skyphoslar, kyliksler en çok sayıda belgelenmiş olan kap
formlarıdır. En erken kırmızı figürlü buluntular Öncüler Grubu ressamlarının üslup özelliklerini göstermektedir. Öte
yandan MÖ 500- 480 arasına tarihlenen örnekler tüm buluntuların yalnızca %4’lük bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır.
Mevcut bulgular Enez’de kırmızı figürlü ve siyah figürlü kapların MÖ 5. yy ortalarına kadar eş zamanlı olarak
kullanıldığını göstermektedir. MÖ 5. yüzyılın 2. yarısında kırmızı figürlü keramiklerin sayısında belirgin bir artış
gözlemlenir.
Küçük Asya’nın batısında yer alan bazı kentlerden farklı olarak, Ainos’ta MÖ 5. ve 4. yüzyıllar boyunca Attika
üretimi kırmızı figürlü keramik ithalatının devam ettiği görülür. Ege ve Karadeniz arasında, önemli yol güzergahları
üzerinde yer alan kentin aynı zamanda geniş bir hinterlanda sahip oluşunun bu duruma önemli ölçüde katkısı olmuş
omalıdır. Atina ile Karadeniz limanları arasındaki artan ticaret ilişkilerine paralel olarak Ainos’tan ele geçen ithal
kırmızı figürlü keramiklerin MÖ 5. yüzyıl sonunda belirgin bir biçimde arttığı gözlemlenir.
Kaplar üzerinde tasvir edilen sahnelerde Dionysos ve Dionysos ile bağlantılı konular belirgin bir çoğunluktadır.
Kadınların günlük yaşamlarından sahneler, komos, vedalaşma sunusu ve kurban sunusu gibi sahneler de tespit edilen
konular arasında yer almaktadır. Sınırlı sayıdaki kontekst mezar bizlere kırmızı figürlü kapların kullanım amaçları
ile ilgili bilgi vermektedir. Buna göre pelike ve hydria kremasyon gömülerde urne olarak kullanılan kap formlarıdır.
Lekythoslar ise mezar hediyesi olarak kullanılmışlardır.
Ainos’ta, MÖ 6. yüzyıllar sonlarına ve 5. yüzyıla tarihlenen buluntular arasında siyah figürün yerel üretim örneklerine
rastlamamıza rağmen, kırmızı figürlü vazolarda MÖ 6. yüzyıl sonundan 5. yüzyıl sonuna tarihlenen buluntular kil,
astar ve üslup özellikleri göz önünde bulundurularak Attika üretimi olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ainos kırmızı figürlü
buluntuları arasında yerel üretim olması muhtemel örnekler MÖ 4. yüzyıla tarihlenmektedir. Öte yandan Kıta
Yunanistan’da farklı bölgelerdeki yerel üretim örnekleri MÖ 5. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren görülebilmektedir.

Keywords

Doğu Trakya, Ainos (Enez), Kırmızı Figür, Attika Üretimi Keramik, Arkaik Dönem, Klasik Dönem

RED-FIGURE POTTERY FROM AINOS/THRACE (ENEZ): ITS SPECTRUM FROM THE EARLIEST FINDS UNTIL THE END OF THE 5th CENTURY BC

Abstract

The main subject of this article is red-figure pottery from Ainos (Enez) in eastern Thrace from the late 6th century
to the late 5th century BC. The material comes from the fill layers of the necropolis and a limited number of grave
contexts as well as from the ancient acropolis, which is known today as the Medieval Castle.
Ainos was a member of the Delian League and an ally of Athens in the 5th century BC. Available finds indicate that
Athenian red figure pottery was being imported throughout the 5th century BC. The identified painters, shapes and
subjects on the vases show parallelism with Athens. Calyx and bell crater, skyphos and cups are the most represented
shapes. The earliest red figure pottery can be attributed to the Pioneer Group. However, the finds from the timespan
between 500 to 480 BC constitute 4% of all the sherds. Available finds indicate that red figure and black figure pottery
were in use simultaneously until the middle of the 5th century BC. In the second half of the 5th century, red figure shows
an obvious increase.
In contrast to some settlements in western Asia Minor, Ainos continued to import Athenian red figure pottery through
the course of the 5th and 4th centuries BC. The city’s location on important trade routes between the North Aegean and
the Black Sea and its large hinterland must have contributed to this situation. A remarkable increase in the quantity
of red figure pottery in Ainos can be detected at the end of the 5th century BC in parallel with the trade boom between
the Black Sea ports and Athens.
Among the various subjects depicted on the vases, Dionysos and related scenes are popular from the beginning until
the end of the 5th century BC. Also, scenes from women’s daily life, komos, soldiers’ farewells and sacrificial offerings
are identified. Context graves in limited availability give us information about the intended purpose of the red figure
pottery in Ainos. Accordingly, pelikai and hydriai were used as urns for cremation graves and lekythoi were used as
grave goods.
Although the examples of local productions in black figure technique from the late 6th and 5th century BC were
identified in Ainos, available examples of red figure pottery from this period show the features of the Athenian clay,
glaze and the painting style. The finds, which differ from Athenian imports, can be classified as belonging to the 4th
century BC. On the other hand, the earliest examples of the local red figure pottery in Mainland Greece can be traced
to the second half of the 5th century BC.

Keywords

Eastern Thrace, Ainos (Enez), Red Figure, Athenian Pottery, Archaic Period, Classical Period

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