POTENTIAL OF BIOLOGICAL MORTAR FOR MICRO-CRACK REMEDIATION OF CALCAREOUS STONES IN HISTORICAL MONUMENTS

Year 2021, , 223 - 236, 31.12.2021

Elif Sırt Çıplak , Kıvanç Bilecen Kiraz Göze Akoğlu Neriman Şahin Güçhan

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked2021.24.012

Abstract

Since the early ages, first human beings, then architects and civil engineers have preferred stones for the construction of historic monuments and buildings due to their durable nature. But in the course of time, these stones have inescapably been faced with different kinds of weathering processes because of several biotic and abiotic weathering factors. In calcareous stones, micro-cracks/fissures are the common deterioration forms resulting from these weathering processes, and in the long term, they affect the durability of the structure. The survival of monuments and buildings is substantially related with the protection and the conservation of the materials from which they are constructed. To this end, several treatment approaches have been developed for the micro-crack remediation of these materials but there is still room for improvement to fulfill multiple aspects of remediation studies. Although many studies and applications can be found on biomineralization techniques and approaches, few studies have been conducted on biological mortars. This review highlights the potential of biological mortar acquired through biomineralization as an alternative bio-based repair material for the healing of micro-cracks of historic calcareous stones. Promising findings from laboratory analyses and field observations of biological mortars are given with a brief discussion on limitations, challenges, and future works in relation with remediation of micro-cracks of stones.

Keywords

biomineralisation, bacteria, biological mortar (BM), conservation, cultural heritage, micro-cracks, calcareous stones

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK-ARDEB 1001

Project Number

115M188

BİYOLOJİK HARÇ KULLANIMININ TARİHİ ANITLARIN KALKERLİ TAŞLARINDAKİ MİKRO-ÇATLAKLARI İYİLEŞTİRME POTANSİYELİ

Abstract

İlk çağlardan beri önce insanoğlu daha sonra mimarlar ve inşaat mühendisleri, tarihi anıtların ve binaların yapımında, dayanıklı olmalarından dolayı taşları tercih etmişlerdir. Ancak zaman içerisinde bu taşlar çeşitli biyotik ve abiyotik bozulma faktörleri nedeniyle kaçınılmaz olarak farklı türdeki bozulma süreçlerine maruz kalmışlardır. Kalkerli taşlarda gözlemlenen mikro-çatlaklar bu ayrışma süreçlerinden kaynaklanan yaygın bozulma biçimleridir ve uzun vadede yapının dayanıklılığını etkilemektedirler. Anıtların ve binaların hayatta kalması, büyük ölçüde inşa edildiği malzemelerin korunması ile ilgilidir. Bu amaçla, malzemelerde oluşan mikro-çatlakların iyileştirilmesi için çeşitli müdahale yaklaşımları geliştirilmiştir, ancak hiçbiri hedeflenen iyileştirme performansını tüm yönleriyle yerine getirememiştir. Öte yandan biyomineralizasyon teknikleri ve yaklaşımları üzerine pek çok çalışma ve uygulama bulunabilmesine rağmen biyolojik harç konusu üzerine çok az çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu derleme, tarihi kalkerli taşların mikro-çatlaklarının iyileştirilmesi için biyomineralizasyondan türevlenen, alternatif bir biyolojik tabanlı onarım malzemesi olan biyolojik harcın kullanım potansiyeline dikkat çekmektedir. Biyolojik harçların laboratuvar analizlerinden ve saha gözlemlerinden elde edilen umut verici bulgular özet bir tartışma olarak kısıtlamalar, zorluklar ve taşlardaki mikro-çatlakların iyileştirilmesi ile ilgili gelecekte yapılabilecek çalışmalar ile birlikte verilmektedir.

Keywords

biyomineralizasyon, bakteri, biyolojik harç, koruma, kültürel miras, mikro-çatlak, kalkerli taşlar

Project Number

115M188

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