Research Article
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EYE STELAE WITH INVENTORY NUMBER 7463 (ESEM) IN THE ANCIENT ORIENT MUSEUM OF THE ISTANBUL ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS

Year 2023, , 223 - 236, 14.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.1107912

Abstract

In this research; the artifact with inventory number 7463 (ESEM), which is in the collection of the Ancient Orient Museum of the Istanbul Archaeological Museums, has been were evaluated. During the examination, it was first discussed whether the North Arabian anthropomorphic stela, which has been debated for years, is the origin of the South Arabian tomb stela. Subsequently, the ‘Augenstelen’ type eye stelaes belonging to the artifact with inventory number 7463 (ESEM) in the museum collection were examined. In this section, of the Jawf type eye stelae produced in the local craft workshops of Ancient South Arabia; formation, types, evolution, historical perspective and impact area were analyzed. In the last part, of the artifact in the museum collection; size, place of find, history, onomastic features are mentioned.

References

  • Ali, C., (1413/1993). el-Mufassal fî târîhi’l-ʿArab kable’lİslâm. 2. Baskı.
  • Alonazi, M. (2018). A Re-evaluation of Stratigraphic and Ceramic Evidence from the Bronze and Iron Age site of al-Ṣināʿiyyah at Tayma in Saudi Arabia. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Durham University.
  • Al-Ansari, A. (2010). Qaryat al-Faw. Ali Ibrahim Al- Ghabban ve dğr. (Ed.), Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (s. 311-362) içinde. Musée du Louvre, Somogy Art Publishers.
  • Antonini, S. ve Agostini, A. (2010). A Minaean necropolis at Barāqish (Jawf, Republic of Yemen) Preliminary report of the 2005-2006 Archaeological Campaigns with an Appendix by Paola Pagano (Reports and Memoirs. New series, 9). IsIAO..
  • Antonini, S. (2005). Alcune stele inedite dal Jawf (Yemen). A. V. Sedov ve I. M. Smilijanskaja (Ed), Arabia Vitalis: Studies in honour of Vitalij Naumkin in occasion of his 60th anniversary (s. 308-313) içinde.
  • Antonini, S. (2002). Le Collezioni. Collezioni sudarabiche inedite. Gli oggetti dalla missione archeologica italofrancese a Tamna, Yemen (1999- 2000) [Supplemento n. 91 agli ANNALI - vol. 60- 61] (s. 1-51) içinde. Istituto Universitario Orientale.
  • Arbach, M. (2002). Les Inscriptions. Collezioni sudarabiche inedite. Gli oggetti dalla missione archeologica italo-francese a Tamna, Yemen (1999- 2000) [Supplemento n. 91 agli ANNALI - vol. 60- 61] (s. 55-89) içinde. Istituto Universitario Orientale.
  • Arbach, M., Schiettecatte, J. ve Al-Hadi. (2008). Collection of Funerary Stelae from the Jawf valley. UNESCO-SFD / Ṣanʿāʾ: National Museum. Bennett, C. (1962). The Nabataeans in Petra. Archaeology, 15, 233–243.
  • Beeston, A. F. L. (1979). Some Observations on Greek and Latin Data Relating to South Arabia. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 42 (1), 7-12.
  • Beeston, A. F. L., Ghul, M. A., Müller, W. W. ve Ryckmans, J. (1982). Sabaic Dictionary (English, French, Arabic). Publication of the University of San’a.
  • Cleveland, Ray L. (1965). An Ancient South Arabian Necropolis: Objects from the Second Campaign (1951) in the Timnaʻ Cemetery. Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Çağrıcı, M. (1991). “Arap” maddesi. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 3, TDV Yayınları, s. 316-321.
  • D’amore, P. (2015). The South Arabian Collection from the Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale ‘Giuseppe Tucci’ in Rome. Alessandra Avanzini (Ed.), Insights into Ancient South Arabia The Collection of the Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale “G. Tucci” in Rome (s. 23-27) içinde.
  • Edens, C. ve Bawden, G. (1989). History of Taymā and Hejazi Trade During the First Millenium BC. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 32 (1), 48-103.
  • el-Curû, E. (1423/2003). Dirâsât fî’l-Târîhi’l-Hadârî li’l-Yemeni’l-Kadîm. Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-Hadîs.
  • Gerlach, I. (2002). Der Friedhof des Awām-Tempels in Marib, Bericht der Ausgrabungen von 1997 bis 2000. Archäologische Berichte aus dem Yemen, 9, 41-91.
  • Grohmann, A. (1963). Kulturgeschichte Des Alten Orients-Arabien. C.H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Giovanni, G. (1976). Iscrizioni sudarabiche. Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 36, 293-315.
  • Giovanni, G. (1977). Su alcuni tipi di stele e statuette sudarabiche con iscrizione. Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 37, 375-381.
  • Hausleiter, A. (2010). The Oasis of Tayma. Ali Ibrahim Al-Ghabban ve dğr. (Ed.), Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (s. 219-261) içinde. Musée du Louvre, Somogy Art Publishers.
  • Hitti, P. K. (2011). Siyasi ve Kültürel İslam Tarihi. İFAV Yayınları.
  • Hemdânî. el-İklîl. Dârü’l-Avde-Dârü’l-Kelim.
  • Holland, S. G. (2009). Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC.
  • Hoyland, R. G. (2011). Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming Islam. Routledge.
  • Höfner, M. (1964). Altsüdarabische Stelen und statuetten. E. Haberland, M. Schuster ve H. Straube (Ed.), Festschrift für A.E. Jensen (s. 217-232) içinde.
  • Haupt&Binder, (2012). https://universes.art/en/ specials/2012/roads-of-arabia/photos/06 adresinden 3 Şubat 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Jameson, S. (1968). Chronology of the Campaigns of Aelius Gallus and C. Petronius. Journal of Roman Studies, 58, 71-84.
  • Koutchoukali, I. Y. (2021). The Quantity of the Vowel <i> in the Sabaic Word for God (ʾl): Evidence from Arabic and Greek Sources. George Hatke ve Ronald Ruzicka (Ed.), South Arabian Long-Distance Trade in Antiquity: “Out of Arabia” (s. 260-267) içinde. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Strabo, (1854-1857). Coğrafya (W. Falconer, Çev.). (Strabo’nun Coğrafya adlı eserinin yazım tarihi üzerine tam bir fikir birliği bulunmamaktadır. Ancak orijinal çalışma muhtemelen MÖ 7’de yayınlanmıştır.)
  • Lombardi, A. (2016). South Arabian Funerary Stelae from the British Museum Collection. L’Erma Di Bretschneider.
  • Mancarella, C. (2016). The Awām Temple cemetery in Marib (Marib) revisited. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 46, 179–194.
  • Maraqten, M. (2015). Sacred Spaces in Ancient Yemen- The Awām Temple. Maʾrib: A Case Study. Mounir Arbach ve Jérémie Schiettecatte (Ed.), Pre-Islamic South Arabia and its Neighbours: New Developments of Research (s. 107-133) içinde. BAR International Series.
  • O’Neill, D. (2010). Sabaean stone and metal miniature grave goods. L. Weeks (Ed.), Death and burial in Arabia and Beyond: Multidisciplinary perspectives (s. 205-213) içinde. Archaeopress.
  • Özer, E. (2013). Mezar Yazıtları ile Olympos. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 27/6, 460-468.
  • Pavan, A. ve Rossi, I. (2015). Catalogue. Alessandra Avanzini (Ed.), Insights into Ancient South Arabia The Collection of the Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale “G. Tucci” in Rome (s. 45-99) içinde.
  • Pirenne, J. (1977). Corpus des inscription et antiquiés sud-arabes Tome 1, Section 2, Antiquités. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres.
  • Potts, D. T. (1988). Some issues in the study of the pre- Islamic weaponry of southeastern Arabia. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 9, 175, 202.
  • Rathjens, C. (1955). Sabaeica: Bericht über die archäologischen Ergebnisse seiner zweiten, dritten und vierten Reise nach Südarabien. II. Teil: Die unlokalisierten Funde. Kommissionsverlag. Ludwig Appel.
  • Robin, C. J. (1992). Inabbaʾ, Haram, al-Kāfir, Kamna et al- Ḥarāshif, Inventaire des Inscriptions Sudarabiques. Academie Des Inscriptions et Belle-Lettres, Istituto Italiano il Medio Ed Estremo Oriente.
  • Roche, M. (2011). An Interpretation of the Ḥayyān Son of Nybat Stele from Petra. Semitica et Classica, 4, 215-222.
  • Schiettecatte, J. (2010). The Arabian Iron Age funerary stelae and the issue of cross-cultural contacts.
  • L. Weeks (Ed.), Death and burial in Arabia and Beyond: Multidisciplinary perspectives (s. 191-203) içinde. Archaeopress.
  • Shendge, M. J. (1997). The language of the Harappans: From Akkadian to Sanskrit. Abhinav Publications,.
  • Sidebotham, S. E. (1986). Aelius Gallus and Arabia. Latomus, 45 (3), 590-602.
  • Temir, H. (2021). Kutsalın Tezahürü ve Mekânın Etkisi Bakımından İslâm Öncesi Arap Yarımadasındaki Kâbe/Beytler?. Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 120-149.
  • Walls, N. (2018). “El.” Encyclopedia of Religion.
  • h t t p s : / / w w w. e n c y c l o p e d i a . c o m / e n v i r o n m e n t / encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el adresinden 28 Mart 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.

İSTANBUL ARKEOLOJİ MÜZELERİ ESKİ ŞARK ESERLERİ MÜZESİ KOLEKSİYONUNDA YER ALAN 7463 (EŞEM) ENVANTER NUMARALI GÖZ STELİ

Year 2023, , 223 - 236, 14.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.1107912

Abstract

Bu araştırmada; İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Eski Şark Eserleri Müzesi koleksiyonunda yer alan 7463 (EŞEM) envanter numaralı eser değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme esnasında ilk olarak yıllardan beri tartışıla gelen Kuzey Arabistan antropomorfik stellerin, Güney Arabistan mezar stellerinin kökeni olup olmadığı sorunu tartışılmıştır. Ardından müze koleksiyonundaki 7463 (EŞEM) envanter numaralı eserin ait olduğu ‘Augenstelen’ tipi göz stelleri incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde Antik Güney Arabistan’ın yerel zanaat atölyelerinde üretilen el-Cevf tipi göz stellerinin; oluşumu, çeşitleri, evrimi, tarihi perspektifi ve etki alanı analiz edilmiştir. Son bölümde ise müze koleksiyonundaki ilgili eserin; ölçüsü, buluntu yeri, tarihi, onomastik ve fizikî özelliklerine değinilmiştir.

References

  • Ali, C., (1413/1993). el-Mufassal fî târîhi’l-ʿArab kable’lİslâm. 2. Baskı.
  • Alonazi, M. (2018). A Re-evaluation of Stratigraphic and Ceramic Evidence from the Bronze and Iron Age site of al-Ṣināʿiyyah at Tayma in Saudi Arabia. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Durham University.
  • Al-Ansari, A. (2010). Qaryat al-Faw. Ali Ibrahim Al- Ghabban ve dğr. (Ed.), Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (s. 311-362) içinde. Musée du Louvre, Somogy Art Publishers.
  • Antonini, S. ve Agostini, A. (2010). A Minaean necropolis at Barāqish (Jawf, Republic of Yemen) Preliminary report of the 2005-2006 Archaeological Campaigns with an Appendix by Paola Pagano (Reports and Memoirs. New series, 9). IsIAO..
  • Antonini, S. (2005). Alcune stele inedite dal Jawf (Yemen). A. V. Sedov ve I. M. Smilijanskaja (Ed), Arabia Vitalis: Studies in honour of Vitalij Naumkin in occasion of his 60th anniversary (s. 308-313) içinde.
  • Antonini, S. (2002). Le Collezioni. Collezioni sudarabiche inedite. Gli oggetti dalla missione archeologica italofrancese a Tamna, Yemen (1999- 2000) [Supplemento n. 91 agli ANNALI - vol. 60- 61] (s. 1-51) içinde. Istituto Universitario Orientale.
  • Arbach, M. (2002). Les Inscriptions. Collezioni sudarabiche inedite. Gli oggetti dalla missione archeologica italo-francese a Tamna, Yemen (1999- 2000) [Supplemento n. 91 agli ANNALI - vol. 60- 61] (s. 55-89) içinde. Istituto Universitario Orientale.
  • Arbach, M., Schiettecatte, J. ve Al-Hadi. (2008). Collection of Funerary Stelae from the Jawf valley. UNESCO-SFD / Ṣanʿāʾ: National Museum. Bennett, C. (1962). The Nabataeans in Petra. Archaeology, 15, 233–243.
  • Beeston, A. F. L. (1979). Some Observations on Greek and Latin Data Relating to South Arabia. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 42 (1), 7-12.
  • Beeston, A. F. L., Ghul, M. A., Müller, W. W. ve Ryckmans, J. (1982). Sabaic Dictionary (English, French, Arabic). Publication of the University of San’a.
  • Cleveland, Ray L. (1965). An Ancient South Arabian Necropolis: Objects from the Second Campaign (1951) in the Timnaʻ Cemetery. Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Çağrıcı, M. (1991). “Arap” maddesi. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, C. 3, TDV Yayınları, s. 316-321.
  • D’amore, P. (2015). The South Arabian Collection from the Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale ‘Giuseppe Tucci’ in Rome. Alessandra Avanzini (Ed.), Insights into Ancient South Arabia The Collection of the Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale “G. Tucci” in Rome (s. 23-27) içinde.
  • Edens, C. ve Bawden, G. (1989). History of Taymā and Hejazi Trade During the First Millenium BC. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 32 (1), 48-103.
  • el-Curû, E. (1423/2003). Dirâsât fî’l-Târîhi’l-Hadârî li’l-Yemeni’l-Kadîm. Dârü’l-Kütübi’l-Hadîs.
  • Gerlach, I. (2002). Der Friedhof des Awām-Tempels in Marib, Bericht der Ausgrabungen von 1997 bis 2000. Archäologische Berichte aus dem Yemen, 9, 41-91.
  • Grohmann, A. (1963). Kulturgeschichte Des Alten Orients-Arabien. C.H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Giovanni, G. (1976). Iscrizioni sudarabiche. Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 36, 293-315.
  • Giovanni, G. (1977). Su alcuni tipi di stele e statuette sudarabiche con iscrizione. Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, 37, 375-381.
  • Hausleiter, A. (2010). The Oasis of Tayma. Ali Ibrahim Al-Ghabban ve dğr. (Ed.), Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (s. 219-261) içinde. Musée du Louvre, Somogy Art Publishers.
  • Hitti, P. K. (2011). Siyasi ve Kültürel İslam Tarihi. İFAV Yayınları.
  • Hemdânî. el-İklîl. Dârü’l-Avde-Dârü’l-Kelim.
  • Holland, S. G. (2009). Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC.
  • Hoyland, R. G. (2011). Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming Islam. Routledge.
  • Höfner, M. (1964). Altsüdarabische Stelen und statuetten. E. Haberland, M. Schuster ve H. Straube (Ed.), Festschrift für A.E. Jensen (s. 217-232) içinde.
  • Haupt&Binder, (2012). https://universes.art/en/ specials/2012/roads-of-arabia/photos/06 adresinden 3 Şubat 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Jameson, S. (1968). Chronology of the Campaigns of Aelius Gallus and C. Petronius. Journal of Roman Studies, 58, 71-84.
  • Koutchoukali, I. Y. (2021). The Quantity of the Vowel <i> in the Sabaic Word for God (ʾl): Evidence from Arabic and Greek Sources. George Hatke ve Ronald Ruzicka (Ed.), South Arabian Long-Distance Trade in Antiquity: “Out of Arabia” (s. 260-267) içinde. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Strabo, (1854-1857). Coğrafya (W. Falconer, Çev.). (Strabo’nun Coğrafya adlı eserinin yazım tarihi üzerine tam bir fikir birliği bulunmamaktadır. Ancak orijinal çalışma muhtemelen MÖ 7’de yayınlanmıştır.)
  • Lombardi, A. (2016). South Arabian Funerary Stelae from the British Museum Collection. L’Erma Di Bretschneider.
  • Mancarella, C. (2016). The Awām Temple cemetery in Marib (Marib) revisited. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 46, 179–194.
  • Maraqten, M. (2015). Sacred Spaces in Ancient Yemen- The Awām Temple. Maʾrib: A Case Study. Mounir Arbach ve Jérémie Schiettecatte (Ed.), Pre-Islamic South Arabia and its Neighbours: New Developments of Research (s. 107-133) içinde. BAR International Series.
  • O’Neill, D. (2010). Sabaean stone and metal miniature grave goods. L. Weeks (Ed.), Death and burial in Arabia and Beyond: Multidisciplinary perspectives (s. 205-213) içinde. Archaeopress.
  • Özer, E. (2013). Mezar Yazıtları ile Olympos. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 27/6, 460-468.
  • Pavan, A. ve Rossi, I. (2015). Catalogue. Alessandra Avanzini (Ed.), Insights into Ancient South Arabia The Collection of the Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale “G. Tucci” in Rome (s. 45-99) içinde.
  • Pirenne, J. (1977). Corpus des inscription et antiquiés sud-arabes Tome 1, Section 2, Antiquités. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres.
  • Potts, D. T. (1988). Some issues in the study of the pre- Islamic weaponry of southeastern Arabia. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 9, 175, 202.
  • Rathjens, C. (1955). Sabaeica: Bericht über die archäologischen Ergebnisse seiner zweiten, dritten und vierten Reise nach Südarabien. II. Teil: Die unlokalisierten Funde. Kommissionsverlag. Ludwig Appel.
  • Robin, C. J. (1992). Inabbaʾ, Haram, al-Kāfir, Kamna et al- Ḥarāshif, Inventaire des Inscriptions Sudarabiques. Academie Des Inscriptions et Belle-Lettres, Istituto Italiano il Medio Ed Estremo Oriente.
  • Roche, M. (2011). An Interpretation of the Ḥayyān Son of Nybat Stele from Petra. Semitica et Classica, 4, 215-222.
  • Schiettecatte, J. (2010). The Arabian Iron Age funerary stelae and the issue of cross-cultural contacts.
  • L. Weeks (Ed.), Death and burial in Arabia and Beyond: Multidisciplinary perspectives (s. 191-203) içinde. Archaeopress.
  • Shendge, M. J. (1997). The language of the Harappans: From Akkadian to Sanskrit. Abhinav Publications,.
  • Sidebotham, S. E. (1986). Aelius Gallus and Arabia. Latomus, 45 (3), 590-602.
  • Temir, H. (2021). Kutsalın Tezahürü ve Mekânın Etkisi Bakımından İslâm Öncesi Arap Yarımadasındaki Kâbe/Beytler?. Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 120-149.
  • Walls, N. (2018). “El.” Encyclopedia of Religion.
  • h t t p s : / / w w w. e n c y c l o p e d i a . c o m / e n v i r o n m e n t / encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/el adresinden 28 Mart 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Cultural Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İbrahim Oğuzhan 0000-0002-8304-8135

Early Pub Date August 17, 2023
Publication Date July 14, 2023
Submission Date April 23, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Oğuzhan, İ. (2023). İSTANBUL ARKEOLOJİ MÜZELERİ ESKİ ŞARK ESERLERİ MÜZESİ KOLEKSİYONUNDA YER ALAN 7463 (EŞEM) ENVANTER NUMARALI GÖZ STELİ. TÜBA-KED Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Kültür Envanteri Dergisi(27), 223-236. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.1107912

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