Güven ve Medya: Covid-19 Pandemi İletişiminde Beş Büyük Faktör Kişilik Özelliklerinin Yansıması

Year 2022, , 64 - 81, 30.06.2022

Ebru Gökaliler , Özlem Alikılıç , İnanç Alikılıç

https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.1050601

Abstract

Pandemi süreci genel olarak büyük ölçüde kafa karışıklığı, istikrarsızlık, yanlış bilgilendirme ve yetersiz planlama gibi sebeplerle tedirginlik yaratan bir süreçtir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında sağlık iletişimi sürecinde bireylerin kişilik özelliklerinin bilgiyi arama sürecinde ve gerekli önlemleri almada etkili olduğu varsayımından ve bireysel farklılıkların ilişkilendirilip ilişkilendirilemeyeceği sorusundan yola çıkılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Türk halkına yönelik COVID-19 salgını iletişiminin beş büyük kişilik özelliği çerçevesinde, bireylerin bilgi alma tercihleri, güven duydukları kaynaklar arasındaki ilişkileri, Büyük-5 faktörlerine dayalı bireysel farklılıklarını ne şekilde etkilediğini ölçmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu nitel çalışma, öncelikle Türk halkının COVID-19 algısında bilgi arama davranışını ve medyadan gelen haberlerin etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. İkinci olarak da COVID-19 pandemi iletişimi ile ilgili bilgi edinme tercihlerinde güvendikleri medya kaynakları arasındaki ilişkileri nasıl etkilediğinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ankete katılan bireylerden sorumluluk kişilik özelliğine sahip olanlarda bireylerin sağlık profesyonellerine ve bağımsız sağlık kuruluşlarına güveni en yüksek saptanırken, devlet kurumlarına yönelik COVID-19 mesaj içeriklerinde güven düşük bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Güven, Beş Büyük, Kişilik Özellikleri, Pandemi İletişimi, Covid-19

Supporting Institution

Yaşar Üniversitesi

Project Number

BAP096

Thanks

Bu çalışma Yaşar Üniversitesi Proje Değerlendirme Komisyonu (PDK) tarafından kabul edilen BAP096 no.lu ve “Covid-19 Communication Management in Turkey: Exploring The Effect of Information-Seeking Behavior and Message Reception in Public’s Evaluation” başlıklı proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Trust and Media: Reflection of the Big Five Factor Personality Traits on COVID-19 Pandemic Communication

Abstract

The pandemic process, in general, is a process that creates anxiety due to reasons such as confusion, instability, misinformation and inadequate planning. Within the scope of this study, the assumption that the personality traits of individuals are effective in getting information and taking the required measures while carrying out the health communication during COVID-19 pandemic, and from the question of whether the individual differences can be associated with the inclination for information receipt or not. This scope of this study aims to measure how the communication of the COVID-19 epidemic towards the Turkish people affects the individuals’ preferences for information, the relationships between the sources they trust, and their individual differences based on the Big-5 factors, within the framework of the five major personality traits. This quantitative study, firstly aims to investigate the information-seeking behavior of the Turkish public in relation to their perceptions of COVID-19 and the impact of messages received from the media. Secondly, it is aimed to measure how the COVID-19 pandemic communication affects the relationships among the media sources they trust in their choices of information. While the trust in health care professionals and independent health care associatons were the highest among the individuals who participated in the survey, those who have the responsibility personality trait, trust in the content of COVID-19 messages for government agencies is low.

Keywords

Trust, Big Five, Personality Traits, Pandemic Communication, Covid-19

Project Number

BAP096

References

• Abood, N. (2019). Big five traits: A critical review. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 21(2), 159– 186. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.34931
• Allport, G. W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47(1), i–171.
• Anglim, J., & Horwood, S. (2021). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and big five personality on subjective and psychological well-being. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(8), 1527-1537.. https://doi. org/10.1177/194.855.0620983047
• Austin, L., Liu, B. F., & Jin, Y. (2012). How audiences seek out crisis information: Exploring the social-mediated crisis communication model. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 40(2), 188-207.
• Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1996). Effects of impression management and self-deception on the predictive validity of personality constructs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(3), 261–272. https://doi. org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.261
• Burdett, J., O. (1999). Leadership in change and the wisdom of a gentleman. Participation and Empowerment: An International Journal, 7(1), 5-14. Bruns, A. (2018). Gatewatching and news curation: Journalism, social media, and the public sphere. USA: Peter Lang Publishing.
• Carvalho, L. de F., Pianowski, G., & Gonçalves, A. P. (2020). Personality differences and Covid-19: Are extroversion and conscientiousness personality traits associated with engagement with containment measures?. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 42(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089- 2020-0029
• Cattell, R. B. (1946). The description and measurement of personality. New York: World Book.
• Coombs, W. T. (2012). Ongoing crisis communication. California, USA: Sage.
• Digman. J. M., & Takemolo-Chock, N. K. (1981). Factors in the natural language of personality: Re-analysis comparison and interpretation of six major studies. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 16, 149–170.
• Fancourt, D., Steptoe, A., & Wright, L. (2020). The cummings effect: Politics, trust, and behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet, 396(10249), 464–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31690-1
• Finn, S. (1997). Origins of media exposure: Linking personality traits to TV, radio, print, and film use. Communication Research, 24, 507–529.
• Fiske, D. W. (1949). Consistency of the factorial structures of personality ratings from different sources. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44, 329–344.
• Fraustino, J. D, Liu, B. F. & Jin, Y. (2017). Social media during disasters: A research synthesis and road map. In Austin, L. & Jin, Y. (Eds.), Social media and crisis communication (pp. 283-295). NY: Routledge,.
• Gil De Zuniga, H., Diehl, T., Huber, B., & Liu, J. H. (2017). Personality traits and social media use in 20 countries: How personality relates to frequency of social media use, social media news use, and social media use for social interaction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(9), 540–552.
• Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative “description of personality”: The big-five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1216–1229. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1216
• Gu, E. & Li, L. (2020). Crippled community governance and suppressed scientific/professional communities: A critical assessment of failed early warning for the Covid-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Chinese Governance, 5(2), 160-177.
• Gurven, M., von Rueden, C., Massenkoff, M., Kaplan, H., & Lero Vie, M. (2013). How Universal Is the Big Five?, 31(9), 1713–1723. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030841
• Hall, A. (2005). Audience personality and the selection of media and media genres. Media Psychology, 7(4), 377– 398. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0704_4
• Hughes, D. J., Rowe, M., Batey, M. & Lee, A. (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vs. Facebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 561–569.
• Hyland-Wood, B., Gardner, J., Leask, J., & Ecker, U. K. H. (2021). Toward effective government communication strategies in the era of COVID-19. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599.020.00701-w
• John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 102- 138). New York: Guillford Press.
• Kelly, H. (2011). The classical definition of a pandemic is not elusive. Bull World Health Organ, 89, 540-541. Kraaykamp, G., & van Eijck, K. (2005). Personality, media preferences, and cultural participation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1675–1688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.11.002
• Kurenkova, M. (2016). Big five personality dimensions, motivation to use social media and perception of online advertisement. Unpublished Master Thesis. Gazi Mağusa North Cyprus: Eastern Mediterranean University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research.
• Laher, S. (2013). Understanding the five-factor model and five-factor theory through a South African cultural lens. South African Journal of Psychology, 43(2), 208–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/008.124.6313483522
• Lu, X., & Jin, Y. (2020). Information vetting as a key component in social-mediated crisis communication: An exploratory study to examine the initial conceptualization. Public Relations Review, 46(2), 101891. Lull, J. (2000). Media, communication, culture: A global approach. Great Britain: Colombia University Press.
• Majid, S. & Rahmat, N. A. (2013). Information needs and seeking behavior during the H1N1 virus outbreak. Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice, 1(1), 42–53.
• Mark, G., & Ganzach, Y. (2014). Personality and internet usage: A large-scale representative study of young adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 36(January 2019), 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.060
• McCrea, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1999). A five-factor theory of personality. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 139–153). New York: Guilford.
• McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. J. (2008). Empirical and theoretical status of the five-factor model of personality traits. In G. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. Saklofske (Eds.), Handbook of personality theory and assessment(pp. 273–294). London: Sage.
• McElroy, J. C., Hendrickson, A. R., Townsend, A. M. & DeMarie S. M. (2007) Dispositional factors in internet use: Personality versus cognitive style. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 31(4), 809– 820.
• McGuire, D., Cunningham, J. E.A., Reynolds, K. & Matthews-Smith, G. (2020). Beating the virus: An examination of crisis communication approach taken by New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 361–379.
• Mehrad, J. & Tajer, P. (2016). Uses and gratification theory in connection with knowledge and information science: A proposed conceptual model. International Journal of Information Science and Management,14(2), 1–14.
• Moreno, Á., Fuentes-Lara, C., & Navarro, C. (2020). Covid-19 communication management in Spain: Exploring the effect of information-seeking behavior and message reception in public’s evaluation. Profesional de La Informacion, 29(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.jul.02
• Nalçaoğlu, H. (2020). Attitudes towards social media. Retrieved September 10, 2021 from https://ingev.org/ raporlar/Attitudes_Towards_Social_Media_23042020.pdf.
• Nikčević, A. V., Marino, C., Kolubinski, D. C., Leach, D., & Spada, M. M. (2021). Modelling the contribution of the big five personality traits, health anxiety, and COVID-19 psychological distress to generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279(October 2020), 578–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.053
• Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574–583.
• Öngel, V., Tatlı, H. S., & Bozkurt, G. (2020). Küresel krizlerde kişilik özelliklerine göre sosyal medya algısı: COVID-19 örneği. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 827-851.
• Peterson, E. B., Chou, W. Y. S., Kelley, D. E., & Hesse, B. (2020). Trust in national health information sources in the United States: Comparing predictors and levels of trust across three health domains. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 10(4), 978–988. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz066.
• Roslyng, M. & Eskjær, M (2017). Mediatised risk culture: News coverage of risk technologies. Health, Risk & Society, 19(3-4), 112-129.
• Seidman, G. (2020). Personality traits and social media use. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology, 8, 1–9. doi: 10.1002/978.111.9011071.iemp0295
• Siegrist, M., & Zingg, A. (2014). The role of public trust during pandemics: Implications for crisis communication. European Psychologist, 19(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000169
• Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017). The next big five inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(1), 117–143. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.170.6.9609152
• Söner, O., & Gültekin, F. (2021). COVID-19 salgınında ergenlerin umut, psikolojik sağlamlık ve kişilik özellikleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 329-349.
• Swickert, R. J., Hittner, J. B., Harris, J. L., & Herring, J. A. (2002). Relationships among internet use, personality, and social support. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(4), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747- 5632(01)00054-1
• Şimşek, S. (2009). Medya-siyaset-iktidar üçgeninde medya gerçeği. Selçuk İletişim, 6(1), 124-143.
• Thai, C. L., Gaysynsky, A., Falisi, A., Chou, W.-Y. S., Blake, K., & Hesse, B. W. (2018). Trust in health ınformation sources and channels, then and now: Evidence from the health ınformation national trends survey (2005–2013). Studies in Media and Communications, 15, 43–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/ s2050.206.0201800.000.15002
• Turan, A., & Çelikyay, H. (2020). Türkiye’de KOVİD-19 ile mücadele : Politikalar ve aktörler. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(1), 1–25.
• Tuten, T. & Bosnjak, M. (2001). Understanding differences in web usage: The role of need for cognition and the five factor model of personality. Social Behavior and Personality, 29(4), 391–398.
• Weaver, J. B. (2003). Individual differences in television viewing motives. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(6), 1427–1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00360-4
• Weiß, M., Rodrigues, J., & Hewig, J. (2020). BIG 5 personality factors in relation to coping with contact restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic: An explorative analysis. PsychArchive, preprinted, 9-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.3484
• WHO. (2021). WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. Retrieved June 16, 2021 from https://covid19.who. int/
• Zhao, B., Ni, C., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Yang, L., Wei, J., & Lin, X. (2020). Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids. Protein & Cell, 11(10), 771-775.