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Domates Meyvelerinin Fiziksel, Mekanik ve Kimyasal Özelliklerine Olgunluk Dönemi ve Muhafaza Sürelerinin Etkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 12 - 28, 30.06.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Alsancak çeşidi domates meyvelerinin fiziksel, mekanik ve kimyasal özelliklerine olgunlaşma dönemi (turuncu ve kırmızı renk) ve 0, 2 ve 4 günlük muhafaza süresinin etkileri incelenmiştir. Domates meyvelerinin fiziksel özelliklerinden geometrik, hacimsel ve renk özellikleri (boyutlar, küresellik, geometrik ortalama çap, yüzey alanı, yığın hacim ağırlığı, meyve hacim ağırlığı, porozite, L*, a*, b* renk karakteristikleri), mekanik özellikleri [(domatesin X uzunluk ve Y genişlik eksenleri için kabuk yırtılma kuvveti, deformasyon, deformasyon enerjisi, statik sürtünme katsayısı ile domatesin sap kopma direnci)] ile kimyasal özelliklerinden suda çözünebilir kuru madde, pH ve titre edilebilir asitlik belirlenmiştir. Muhafaza süresi arttıkça boyut ve ağırlıkta azalmalar görülmüştür. Olgunlaşma dönemi ve muhafaza süresinin küresellik ve geometrik ortalama çap üzerindeki etkileri istatistiksel olarak önemsiz çıkmıştır. Meyvelerin kabuk ve kabuk altı a* değerleri olgunlaşma arttıkça artış göstermiştir. Domateste olgunlaşma arttıkça deformasyon enerjisi azalmış, X uzunluk ekseni için deformasyon enerjisi daha yüksek değer vermiştir. Domateslerde lastik yüzeyde 0.445 ile en yüksek statik sürtünme katsayısı değeri bulunmuştur. Domates meyvelerinde olgunluk arttıkça, titre edilebilir asitlik değerlerinde artışlar görülmüştür. Çalışma ile Alsancak çeşidi domates meyvelerinin fiziksel, kimyasal ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine olgunlaşma dönemi ve muhafaza süresinin etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir.

References

  • Abak K, Düzyaman F, Şeniz V, Gülen H, Pekşen A ve Kaymak HÇ (2010). Sebze üretimini geliştirme yöntem ve hedefleri. Ziraat Mühendisliği VII Teknik Kongresi, 11-15 Ocak 2010, Ankara.
  • Albaloushi NSN, Azam MM ve Amer Eissa AH (2012). Mechanical properties of tomato fruits under storage conditions. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(6): 3053-3064.
  • Altun A (2011). Farklı iri etli domates genotiplerinin depolama sürelerinin belirlenmesi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, s. 83, İzmir.
  • Anonim (2015). Türkiye İstatistik kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr (20.05.2015).
  • Anonim (2017). Alsancak sırık domates çeşidi. http://www.malcoktarim.com.tr/alsancak-f1-sirik-domates-tohumu-1000-adet.html (10.05.2013).
  • Arazuri S, Jare´n C, Arana JI and Pe´rez de Ciriza JJ (2007). Influence of mechanical harvest on the physical properties of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Journal of Food Engineering 80: 190–198.
  • Baldwin E.A., Scott J.W., Einstein M.A., Malundo T.M.M., Carr B.T., Shewfelt R.L. ve Tandon K.S., 1998. Relationship between sensory and instrumental analysis of tomato flavor. Journal of the American society for Horticultural Science, 125: 906-915.
  • Batu A (1998). Some Factors Affecting on Determination and measurement of tomato firmness. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 22: 411-418.
  • Cemeroğlu B (2007). Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Yayınları, 34, Ankara, 535 s.
  • Çevik M.Y., 2013. Domateste Olgunluğun Fiziko-mekanik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Makineleri Anabilim Dalı, s.50, Adana.
  • De Belie N, Hallett IC, Harker F. and De Baerdemaeker J (2000). Influence of ripening and turgor on the tensile properties of pears: A microscopic study of cellular and tissue changes. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 125(3): 350-356.
  • Demiray E ve Tülek Y (2008). Domates kurutma teknolojisi ve kurutma işleminin domatesteki bazı antioksidan bileşiklere etkisi. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 3: 9-20.
  • Diehl KC, Hamann DD and Whitfield JK (1980). Structural failure in selected raw fruits and vegetables. Journal of Texture Studies, 10(4): 371-400.
  • Düzyaman E and Duman İ (2003). Dried tomato as a new potential in export and domestic market diversification in Turkey. Proceedings of the Eighth International ISHS Symposium on the Processing Tomato Acta Horticulture, Article Number: 613-070, pp. 433-436.
  • Ghaffari H, Ghassemzadeh HR, Sadeghi M and Alijani S (2015). Some physical, mechanical and chemical properties of tomato fruitrelated to mechanical damage and bruising models. Biological Forum–An International Journal, 7(2): 712-718.
  • Ghazavi MA, Karami R and Mahmoodi M (2013). Modeling some physico-mechanical properties of tomato. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1): 210-223.
  • Groves JD (1985). Predicting physical properties of tomatoes with impact force analysis. Master Thesis, The Ohio State University, USA.
  • Hetzronia A, Vanab A and Mizrach A (2011). Biomechanical characteristics of tomato fruit peels. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 59: 80–84.
  • Kader A.A., Morris L.L., Stevens M.A. ve Albright-Holten M., 1978. Composition and flavor quality of fresh quality of fresh market tomatoes as influenced by some post harvest handling procedures. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 103: 6-13.
  • Karaçalı İ (2009), Bahçe ürünlerinin muhafazası ve pazarlaması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları 494, İzmir.
  • Kaymak HC, Öztürk İ, Kalkan F, Kara M and Ercişli S (2010). Color and physical properties of two common tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 8(2): 44-46.
  • Keskin G ve Gül U (2004). Domates. Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü, T.E.A.E-Bakış, Sayı:5, Nüsha:13, Ankara.
  • Lana MM, Tijskens LMM, Theije AD, Dekker M and Barrett DM (2007). Measurement of firmness of fresh-cut sliced tomato using puncture tests-studies on sample size, probe size and direction of puncture. Journal of Texture Studies, 38: 601-618.
  • Li Z, Li P and Liu J (2010). Effect of tomato internal structure on its mechanical properties and degree of mechanical damage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(12): 1816-1826.
  • Li Z, Li P and Liu J (2011). Physical and mechanical properties of tomato fruits as related to robot’s harvesting. Journal of Food Engineering, 103: 170-178.
  • Li Z (2013). The effect of compressibility, loading position and probe shape on the rupture probability of tomato fruits. Journal of Food Engineering, 119: 471-476.
  • Li Z, Lv K, Wang Y, Zhao B and Yang Z (2015). Multi-scale engineering properties of tomato fruits related to harvesting, simulation and textural evaluation. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 61: 444-451.
  • Madhavi DL and Salunke DL (1998). Handbook of vegetable science and technology : production, composition, storage, and processing. Ed: D.K. Salunkhe ve S.S. Kadam. pp. 721, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA.
  • McGuire RG (1992). Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience, 27(12): 1254-1255.
  • Mohsenin NN (1980). Physical properties of plant and animal materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, p. 742, New York, USA.
  • Moser E., 1989. Bağ bahçe sebze ve endüstri kültürlerinde mekanizasyon uygulamaları (Çeviri: İ. K. Tuncer ve F. Özgüven). Türkiye Zirai Donatım Kurumu, Mesleki Yayınları, Yayın No:52, Ankara.
  • Olorunda AO and Tung MA (1985). Simulated transit studies on tomatoes; effects ofcompressive load, container, vibration and maturity on mechanical damage. Journal of Food Technology, 20: 669-678.
  • Ordóñez-Santos LU, Arbones E, Vázquez-ODerız L, Romero-Rodríguez A, Gómez J. and López M., 2008. Use of physical and chemical properties of commercial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) products for monitoring their quality. Journal of AOAC International, 91(1): 112-122.
  • Özarslan C (2002). Some physical properties of cotton seed. Biosystems Engineering, 83: 169-174.
  • Sarısaçlı İE (2009). Salça. http://www.igeme.gov.tr , (20.07.2009). Sirisomboon P, Pornchaloempong P and Romphophak T (2007). Physical properties of green soybean: criteria for sorting. Journal of Food Engineering, 79: 18-22.
  • Suthar SH and Das SK (1996). Some physical properties of karingda [Citrus lanatus (thumb) mansf] grains. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65: 15-22.
  • Şat İG ve Turhan N (2006). Erzurum yöresinde yetiştirilen bazı domates çeşitlerinin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri. Türkiye 9. Gıda Kongresi, s. 103-108. 24-26 Mayıs 2006. Bolu.
  • Taheri Garavand A., Rafiee S. and Keyhani A., 2011. Study on some morphological and physical characteristics of tomato used in mass models to characterize best post harvesting options. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(4): 433-438.
  • Tuncel N, Yanmaz R ve Ağaoğlu SY (1991). Domatesin derim sonrası fizyolojisi ve soğukta muhafazası üzerine araştırmalar: I. Farklı olgunluk devrelerinde yapılan derimin olgunlaşma sırasındaki bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Gıda, 16(2): 131-137.
  • TÜİK, 2017. Türkiye istatistik kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr , (01.03.2017)
  • Uylaşer V (1996). Salça üretim aşamalarına göre bakteri ve maya florasındaki değişim ve bozulmadaki etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, s. 128, Bursa.
  • Yurtlu YB (2003). Meyve ve sebzelerde bazı mekanik özelliklerin ve zedelenmeye karşı duyarlılığın belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Makinaları Anabilim Dalı, s. 109, Ankara.
  • Zhi Guo L, Ji-Zhan L, Ping-Ping L and Jian-Jun Y (2009). Study on the collision-mechanical properties of tomatoes gripped by harvesting robot fingers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(24): 7000-7007.

Effects of Maturity Stages and Storage Periods on the Physical, Mechanical and ChemicalProperties of Tomato Fruits

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 12 - 28, 30.06.2020

Abstract

In thisstudy, the effects of maturity stages (orange and red maturity stages) and storage periods (0, 2 and 4 days) on the physical, chemicalandmechanical properties of tomato (cv. Alsancak) fruits were examined. The physical properties of tomato fruits such as geometric, volumetric and colour properties (size, sphericity, surface area, geometric meandiameter, bulk density, porosity,fruit bulk density, and L*, a*, b*colour characteristics); the mechanical properties (deformation,rupture forces along X-and Y-axes, coefficient of friction,fruit removal force,the deformation energy), and the chemical properties (soluble solids content, pH,titratable acidity) weredetermined.The fruit size dimensions and fruit mass decreased as the storage period increased. The effects of maturtiy stages and storage periods on the geometrical mean diameter and sphericity were not statistically significant. As theincrease of maturity,a*colour values of flesh and skin fruits increased for tomato fruits. The deformation energy along X-axis was found to be higher than the other axes; and asthe increase of maturity, the deformation energy decreased.The highest static friction coefficient wasobtained as 0.445 for tomato fruitsfor rubber friction surface. As the increase of maturity, the titratable acidity values increased for tomatoes. Itwas determined that the maturity stages and storage periods time were effective on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of tomato (cv. Alsancak) fruits.

References

  • Abak K, Düzyaman F, Şeniz V, Gülen H, Pekşen A ve Kaymak HÇ (2010). Sebze üretimini geliştirme yöntem ve hedefleri. Ziraat Mühendisliği VII Teknik Kongresi, 11-15 Ocak 2010, Ankara.
  • Albaloushi NSN, Azam MM ve Amer Eissa AH (2012). Mechanical properties of tomato fruits under storage conditions. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(6): 3053-3064.
  • Altun A (2011). Farklı iri etli domates genotiplerinin depolama sürelerinin belirlenmesi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, s. 83, İzmir.
  • Anonim (2015). Türkiye İstatistik kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr (20.05.2015).
  • Anonim (2017). Alsancak sırık domates çeşidi. http://www.malcoktarim.com.tr/alsancak-f1-sirik-domates-tohumu-1000-adet.html (10.05.2013).
  • Arazuri S, Jare´n C, Arana JI and Pe´rez de Ciriza JJ (2007). Influence of mechanical harvest on the physical properties of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Journal of Food Engineering 80: 190–198.
  • Baldwin E.A., Scott J.W., Einstein M.A., Malundo T.M.M., Carr B.T., Shewfelt R.L. ve Tandon K.S., 1998. Relationship between sensory and instrumental analysis of tomato flavor. Journal of the American society for Horticultural Science, 125: 906-915.
  • Batu A (1998). Some Factors Affecting on Determination and measurement of tomato firmness. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 22: 411-418.
  • Cemeroğlu B (2007). Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Yayınları, 34, Ankara, 535 s.
  • Çevik M.Y., 2013. Domateste Olgunluğun Fiziko-mekanik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Makineleri Anabilim Dalı, s.50, Adana.
  • De Belie N, Hallett IC, Harker F. and De Baerdemaeker J (2000). Influence of ripening and turgor on the tensile properties of pears: A microscopic study of cellular and tissue changes. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 125(3): 350-356.
  • Demiray E ve Tülek Y (2008). Domates kurutma teknolojisi ve kurutma işleminin domatesteki bazı antioksidan bileşiklere etkisi. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 3: 9-20.
  • Diehl KC, Hamann DD and Whitfield JK (1980). Structural failure in selected raw fruits and vegetables. Journal of Texture Studies, 10(4): 371-400.
  • Düzyaman E and Duman İ (2003). Dried tomato as a new potential in export and domestic market diversification in Turkey. Proceedings of the Eighth International ISHS Symposium on the Processing Tomato Acta Horticulture, Article Number: 613-070, pp. 433-436.
  • Ghaffari H, Ghassemzadeh HR, Sadeghi M and Alijani S (2015). Some physical, mechanical and chemical properties of tomato fruitrelated to mechanical damage and bruising models. Biological Forum–An International Journal, 7(2): 712-718.
  • Ghazavi MA, Karami R and Mahmoodi M (2013). Modeling some physico-mechanical properties of tomato. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1): 210-223.
  • Groves JD (1985). Predicting physical properties of tomatoes with impact force analysis. Master Thesis, The Ohio State University, USA.
  • Hetzronia A, Vanab A and Mizrach A (2011). Biomechanical characteristics of tomato fruit peels. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 59: 80–84.
  • Kader A.A., Morris L.L., Stevens M.A. ve Albright-Holten M., 1978. Composition and flavor quality of fresh quality of fresh market tomatoes as influenced by some post harvest handling procedures. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 103: 6-13.
  • Karaçalı İ (2009), Bahçe ürünlerinin muhafazası ve pazarlaması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları 494, İzmir.
  • Kaymak HC, Öztürk İ, Kalkan F, Kara M and Ercişli S (2010). Color and physical properties of two common tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 8(2): 44-46.
  • Keskin G ve Gül U (2004). Domates. Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü, T.E.A.E-Bakış, Sayı:5, Nüsha:13, Ankara.
  • Lana MM, Tijskens LMM, Theije AD, Dekker M and Barrett DM (2007). Measurement of firmness of fresh-cut sliced tomato using puncture tests-studies on sample size, probe size and direction of puncture. Journal of Texture Studies, 38: 601-618.
  • Li Z, Li P and Liu J (2010). Effect of tomato internal structure on its mechanical properties and degree of mechanical damage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(12): 1816-1826.
  • Li Z, Li P and Liu J (2011). Physical and mechanical properties of tomato fruits as related to robot’s harvesting. Journal of Food Engineering, 103: 170-178.
  • Li Z (2013). The effect of compressibility, loading position and probe shape on the rupture probability of tomato fruits. Journal of Food Engineering, 119: 471-476.
  • Li Z, Lv K, Wang Y, Zhao B and Yang Z (2015). Multi-scale engineering properties of tomato fruits related to harvesting, simulation and textural evaluation. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 61: 444-451.
  • Madhavi DL and Salunke DL (1998). Handbook of vegetable science and technology : production, composition, storage, and processing. Ed: D.K. Salunkhe ve S.S. Kadam. pp. 721, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA.
  • McGuire RG (1992). Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience, 27(12): 1254-1255.
  • Mohsenin NN (1980). Physical properties of plant and animal materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, p. 742, New York, USA.
  • Moser E., 1989. Bağ bahçe sebze ve endüstri kültürlerinde mekanizasyon uygulamaları (Çeviri: İ. K. Tuncer ve F. Özgüven). Türkiye Zirai Donatım Kurumu, Mesleki Yayınları, Yayın No:52, Ankara.
  • Olorunda AO and Tung MA (1985). Simulated transit studies on tomatoes; effects ofcompressive load, container, vibration and maturity on mechanical damage. Journal of Food Technology, 20: 669-678.
  • Ordóñez-Santos LU, Arbones E, Vázquez-ODerız L, Romero-Rodríguez A, Gómez J. and López M., 2008. Use of physical and chemical properties of commercial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) products for monitoring their quality. Journal of AOAC International, 91(1): 112-122.
  • Özarslan C (2002). Some physical properties of cotton seed. Biosystems Engineering, 83: 169-174.
  • Sarısaçlı İE (2009). Salça. http://www.igeme.gov.tr , (20.07.2009). Sirisomboon P, Pornchaloempong P and Romphophak T (2007). Physical properties of green soybean: criteria for sorting. Journal of Food Engineering, 79: 18-22.
  • Suthar SH and Das SK (1996). Some physical properties of karingda [Citrus lanatus (thumb) mansf] grains. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65: 15-22.
  • Şat İG ve Turhan N (2006). Erzurum yöresinde yetiştirilen bazı domates çeşitlerinin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri. Türkiye 9. Gıda Kongresi, s. 103-108. 24-26 Mayıs 2006. Bolu.
  • Taheri Garavand A., Rafiee S. and Keyhani A., 2011. Study on some morphological and physical characteristics of tomato used in mass models to characterize best post harvesting options. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(4): 433-438.
  • Tuncel N, Yanmaz R ve Ağaoğlu SY (1991). Domatesin derim sonrası fizyolojisi ve soğukta muhafazası üzerine araştırmalar: I. Farklı olgunluk devrelerinde yapılan derimin olgunlaşma sırasındaki bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Gıda, 16(2): 131-137.
  • TÜİK, 2017. Türkiye istatistik kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr , (01.03.2017)
  • Uylaşer V (1996). Salça üretim aşamalarına göre bakteri ve maya florasındaki değişim ve bozulmadaki etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, s. 128, Bursa.
  • Yurtlu YB (2003). Meyve ve sebzelerde bazı mekanik özelliklerin ve zedelenmeye karşı duyarlılığın belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tarım Makinaları Anabilim Dalı, s. 109, Ankara.
  • Zhi Guo L, Ji-Zhan L, Ping-Ping L and Jian-Jun Y (2009). Study on the collision-mechanical properties of tomatoes gripped by harvesting robot fingers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(24): 7000-7007.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Esra Nur Gül 0000-0002-9865-1228

Engin Özgöz 0000-0003-0615-9613

Ebubekir Altuntaş 0000-0003-3835-1538

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Submission Date January 27, 2020
Acceptance Date March 3, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gül, E. N., Özgöz, E., & Altuntaş, E. (2020). Domates Meyvelerinin Fiziksel, Mekanik ve Kimyasal Özelliklerine Olgunluk Dönemi ve Muhafaza Sürelerinin Etkileri. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1(1), 12-28.

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