Evaluation of Soil Quality Status of Soils in Pasture Lands with the Help of SMAF Model (Ulaş-Acıyurt Case)

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 849 - 859, 24.07.2024

Fikret Saygın , Orhan Dengiz , Sena Pacci

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1492540

Abstract

Soil quality is based on a holistic approach in which the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil are evaluated together. In this study conducted in the poor pasture areas of Acıyurt, Ulaş District of Sivas Province, soil quality status was determined with the help of the SMAF (Soil Management Assessment Framework) model, taking into account 13 soil characteristics, including physical (4), chemical (7) and biological (2). The physical soil quality feature of the study area was determined as "medium" with a quality score of 65, the chemical soil quality feature was determined as "high" with a quality score of 74, and the biological soil quality feature was determined as "low" with a quality score of 54. The general soil characteristic was evaluated as "medium" quality with an average quality score of 64. While organic matter content had a positive effect on the general quality status of soils, biological quality indicators had a decreasing effect. Scatter maps were produced with the IDW method, which is a multivariate interpolation method frequently preferred by researchers. According to the general soil quality distribution map, it was determined that the quality of the pasture soils in the west of the study area was at a higher level than in the east.

Keywords

Sivas, pasture, soil quality, SMAF, geographic information systems

Project Number

2022-GENL-TBT-0006

Mera Arazilerinde Yer Alan Toprakların SMAF Modeli Yardımıyla Toprak Kalite Durumlarının Değerlendirilmesi (Ulaş-Acıyurt Örneği)

Abstract

Toprak kalitesi toprağın içermiş olduğu fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik karakteristiklerinin bir arada değerlendirildiği bütüncül bir yaklaşımı esas almaktadır. Sivas İli Ulaş İlçesi Acıyurt kötü mera alanlarında yapılan bu çalışmada fiziksel (4 adet), kimyasal (7 adet) ve biyolojik (2 adet) olmak üzere 13 toprak karakteristik özelliği dikkate alınarak, SMAF (Toprak Yönetimi Değerlendirme Çerçevesi) modeli yardımıyla toprak kalite durumları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanının fiziksel toprak kalite özelliği 65 kalite skoru ile “orta”, kimyasal toprak kalite özelliği 74 kalite skoru ile “yüksek”, biyolojik toprak kalite özelliği ise 54 kalite skoru ile “düşük” olarak belirlenmiştir. Genel toprak karakteristik özelliği ise, ortalama 64 kalite skoru ile “orta” kalitede değerlendirilmiştir. Toprakların genel kalite durumları üzerinde organik madde içeriği olumlu etki yaparken, biyolojik kalite indikatörleri azaltıcı yönde etki etmiştir. Dağılım haritaları araştırıcılar tarafından sıklıkla tercih edilen çok değişkenli enterpolasyon yöntemi olan IDW metodu ile üretilmiştir. Yapılan genel toprak kalite dağılım haritasına göre, çalışma alanın batısında yer alan mera toprakların kalite durumlarının doğusuna göre daha yüksek seviyede olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Sivas, mera, toprak kalitesi, SMAF, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri

Supporting Institution

Sivas Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

2022-GENL-TBT-0006

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Sivas Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Koordinatörlüğü tarafından “2022-GENL-TBT-0006” proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı Sivas Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü'ne teşekkür ederiz.

References

• Acar, M. 2023. Aşağı seyhan ovasında toprak kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi ve izlenmesinde amenajmana hassas indikatörlerin belirlenmesi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Ana Bilim Dalı, Adana.
• Adeel, Z., Safriel, U., Niemeijer, D. ve White, R., 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Desertification Synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
• Alaboz, P., Dengiz, O., Pacci, S., Demir, S. ve Türkay, C. 2022. Determination of the effect of different organic fertilizers applications on soil quality using the SMAF model. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(1), 21-32.
• Andrews, S. S., Karlen, D. L. ve Cambardella, C. A. 2004. The soil management assessment framework: a quantitative soil quality evaluation method. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68(6), 1945-1962.
• Anonim, 2024. Sivas İli iklim ve Bitki örtüsü, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivas Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2024
• Armenise, E., Redmile-Gordon, M. A., Stellacci, A. M., Ciccarese, A. ve Rubino, P. 2013. Developing a soil quality index to compare soil fitness for agricultural use under different managements in the Mediterranean environment. Soil and Tillage Research, 130, 91-98.
• Birecikligil, M. S., Ok, D. ve Öcal, O. 2016. Nevşehir ilinde alternatif mücadele yöntemleri ile organik tarımının yaygınlaştırılması.
• Black, C.A. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part I Physical And Mineralogical Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• Brown, A. R. ve White, L. E. 2022. Enhancing Soil Quality Through Effective Management: Insights from the Soil Management Assessment Framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 35(3), 567-580.
• Bünemann, E.K., Bongiorno, G., Bai, Z., Creamer, R.E., De Deyn, G., de Goede, R., Fleskens, L., Geissen, V., Kuyper, T.W., M¨ ader, P., Pulleman, M., Sukkel, W., van Groenigen, J.W., Brussaard, L. 2018. Soil quality – a critical review. Soil biology and biochemistry. 120, 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.030.
• Cherubin, M. R., Tormena, C. A. ve Karlen, D. L. 2017. Soil quality evaluation using the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) in Brazilian Oxisols with contrasting texture. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 41, e0160148.
• de Andrade Bonetti, J., Nunes, M. R., Fink, J. R., Tretto, T. ve Tormena, C. A. 2023. Agricultural practices to improve near-surface soil health and crop yield in subtropical soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 234, 105835.
• Dinel, H., Mehuys, G. R. ve Levesque, M. 1991. Influence of humic and fibric materials on the aggregation and aggregate stability of a lacustrine silty clay. Soil Science, 151(2), 146-158.
• Doran, J.W., Parkin, T.B. 1994. Defining and assessing soil quality. In: Doran, J.W., Coleman, D.C., Bezdicek, D.F., Stewart, B.A. (Eds.), Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. SSSA Special Publication no. 35. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 3–21.
• Garcia, M. C. ve Patel, S. 2021. Soil Health Assessment for Sustainable Agriculture: Integrating the Soil Management Assessment Framework with Agroecological Practices. Sustainability, 13(2), 345-358.
• Govaerts, B., Sayre, K. D., ve Deckers, J. 2006. A minimum data set for soil quality assessment of wheat and maize in the highlands of Mexico. Soil and Tillage Research, 87: 163–174.
• Gugino B K, Abawi G S, Idowu O J, Schindelbeck R R, Smith L L, Thies J E, Wolfe D W, ve Van Es H M, 2009. Cornell soil health assessment training manual. Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
• Gümüş, İ., Şeker, C., Negiş, H., Özaytekin, H. H., Karaarslan, E. ve Çetin, Ü. 2016. Buğday ekili alanlarda agregat stabilitesine etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5, 236-242.
• Gyawali, A. J., Neely, H. L., Foster, J. L., Neely, C. B., Lewis, K. L., Bodine, G., ... ve Smith, A. P. 2023. Assessing soil health in a thermic region of the southern great plains, using the soil management assessment framework (SMAF). Soil Security, 13, 100115.
• Jimenez, L. C. Z., Queiroz, H. M., Cherubin, M. R. ve Ferreira, T. O. 2022. Applying the soil management assessment framework (SMAF) to assess mangrove soil quality. Sustainability, 14(5), 3085.
• Karlen, D. L., ve Stott, D. E. 1994. A framework for evaluating physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment, 35, 53-72.
• Karlen, D. L., Veum, K. S., Sudduth, K. A., Obrycki, J. F. ve Nunes, M. R.(2019. Soil health assessment: Past accomplishments, current activities, and future opportunities. Soil and Tillage Research, 195, 104365.
• Kennedy, A. C. ve Papendick, R. I. 1995. Microbial characteristics of soil quality. Journal of soil and water conservation, 50(3), 243-248.
• Kırda, C. ve Sarıyev, A. 2002. Toprak Fiziği. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Genel yayın No: 245, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: A-79, Adana.
• Metzger, M.J., Rounsevell, M.D.A., Acosta-Michlik, L., Leemans, R., Schroter, D., 2006. The vulnerability of ecosystem services to land-use change. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 114, 69-85.
• Ndiaye, E. L., Sandeno, J. M., McGrath, D. ve Dick, R. P. 2000. Integrative biological indicators for detecting change in soil quality. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15(1), 26-36.
• Nunes, M. R., Karlen, D. L., Veum, K. S. ve Moorman, T. B. 2020. A SMAF assessment of US tillage and crop management strategies. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 8, 100072.
• Pacci, S., Kaya, N. S., Dengiz, O. ve Turan, İ. D. 2021. Van havzası içerisinde yer alan mera arazilerinde smaf modeli kullanılarak toprak kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 36(2), 301-316.
• Pacci, S., Dengiz, O., Saygın, F. ve Alaboz, P. 2022. Soil quality assessment of paddy cultivation lands in the bafra plain based on the SMAF model. Turk J Agric Res. 9(2):164–174. doi:10.19159/tutad.1067105.
• Pacci, S. ve Dengiz, O. 2023. Ayçiçeği tarımı yapılan toprakların SMAF modeli ile toprak kalite indislerinin belirlenmesi: Tokat Zile İlçesi örneği. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 11(1), 54-66.
• Page, K.L., Dang, Y.P. ve Dalal, R.C., 2020. The ability of conservation agriculture to conserve soil organic carbon and the subsequent impact on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and yield. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 4, 1–17. https://doi. org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00031.
• Pankhurst, C. E., Hawke, B. G., McDonald, H. J., Kirkby, C. A., Buckerfield, J. C., Michelsen, P., ... ve Doube, B. M. 1995. Evaluation of soil biological properties as potential bioindicators of soil health. Australian journal of experimental Agriculture, 35(7), 1015-1028.
• Paz-Kagan, T., Shachak, M., Zaady, E. ve Karnieli, A. 2014. A spectral soil quality index (SSQI) for characterizing soil function in areas of changed land use. Geoderma, 230, 171-184.
• Rezaei, S.A., Gilkes, R.J. ve Andrews, S.S. 2006. A minimum data set for assessing soil quality in rangelands. Geoderma 136 (1–2), 229–234.
• Saygın, F., Dengiz, O., İç, S., İmamoğlu, A. 2019. Bazı fiziko-kimyasal toprak özellikleri ile bazı erodibilite parametreleri arasındaki ilişkilerin mikro havza ölçeğinde değerlendirilmesi. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (1): 82-91.
• Sarğın, B., & Karaca, S. (2023). Land suitability assessment for wheat-barley cultivation in a semi-arid region of Eastern Anatolia in Turkey. PeerJ, 11, e16396.
• Sariyev, A., Sesveren, S., Tülün, Y., Kaman, H., ve Acar, M. 2020. Determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at field conditions and mathematical modeling.
• Smith, J. D., & Jones, K. L. (2023). Assessing Soil Management Practices: A Comprehensive Review of the Soil Management Assessment Framework. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(5), 1234-1256.
• Stevenson, F.J. 2005. Nitrogen-Organic Forms. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3; Chemical Methods, 4th edn. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• Viscarra Rossel, R.A., Walvoort, D.J.J., McBratney, A.B., Janik, L.J. ve Skjemstad, J.O. 2006. Visible, near infrared, mid infrared or combined diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for simultaneous assessment of various soil properties. Geoderma 131 (1–2), 59–75.
• Vitousek, P.M., Mooney, H.A., Lubchenco, J. ve Melillo, J.M. 1997. Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science 277, 494–499.
• Wagner, S., Cattle, S.R., Scholten, T. ve Felix-Henningsen, P. 2000. Observing the Evolution of Soil Aggregates From Mixtures of Sand, Clay and Organic Matter In Soil. New Zealand Society of Soil Science. 3: 217-218.
• Williams, H., Colombi, T. ve Keller, T. 2020. The influence of soil management on soil health: An on-farm study in southern Sweden. Geoderma 360. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114010.