Agricultural Resilience and Sustainability: Conceptual Framework and New Approaches

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 458 - 481, 16.04.2025

Cansu Kadakoğlu , Vedat Ceyhan , Orhan Gündüz

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1587437

Abstract

Up to date, concepts of resilience and sustainability have been used without a clear distinction in terms of meaning and purpose in previous studies. The lack of information on the similarities and differences between sustainability and resilience has led to problems in both academic and applied studies. Therefore, the objectives of the study are (i) to reveal the revolution of the concepts of sustainability and resilience, (ii) to examine the working frameworks based on different type of relationship between sustainability and resilience, (iii) to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of existing working frameworks in different applications, and (iv) to determine the historical development and future research trends of studies on sustainability and resilience. Critical literature review, bibliometric analysis, thematic analysis and meta-analysis were used to explore the development, general characteristics and trends of the existing literature focusing on sustainability and resilience. The research findings showed that the concept of sustainability focused more on protection and output, while focus of the concept of resilience were adaptation/improvement and process. The research findings also showed that the competition and complementarity relationships between the concepts of sustainability and resilience were not adequately addressed in previous studies, resulting in encountering major problems in previous academic studies and practice. It was determined that robustness and resilience were used in the same sense in previous studies conducted in Turkey. In addition, it was clear based on the research findings that future studies in the context of resilience and sustainability will focus on climate (resilience, vulnerability, climate change, sustainability, adaptation, vulnerability, governance, climate change adaptation and transformation) and social-ecological systems (ecosystem services, governance and resilient cities). Considering the competitive and complementary relationships between resilience and sustainability and selecting the appropriate working framework can increase the effectiveness of academic and applied studies.

Keywords

dayanıklılık, sürdürülebilirlik, çalışma çerçevesi, bibliyometrik analiz, meta analizi

Tarımda Dayanıklılık ve Sürdürülebilirlik: Kavramsal Çerçeve ve Yeni Yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Günümüze kadar yapılan birçok çalışmada bu iki kavram anlam ve amaç açısından net bir ayrım yapılmaksızın kullanılmıştır. Sürdürülebilirlik ve dayanıklılık arasındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar konusunda var olan bilgi eksikliği hem akademik çalışmalarda hem de uygulamalı çalışmalarda sorunlara yol açmıştır. Bu çerçevede bu çalışmanın amaçları (i) sürdürülebilirlik ve dayanıklılık kavramlarının tarihsel gelişimlerinin ortaya konulması, (ii) sürdürülebilirlik ve dayanıklılığı ilişkilendiren çalışma çerçevelerinin incelenmesi, (iii) mevcut çalışma çerçevelerinin farklı uygulamalardaki avantajlarını ve dezavantajlarının ortaya konulması ve (iv) sürdürülebilirlik ve dayanıklılık konularındaki çalışmaların tarihsel gelişiminin ve gelecek araştırma eğilimlerinin belirlenmesidir. Sürdürülebilirlik ve dayanıklılık konularına odaklanan mevcut literatürün gelişimi, genel nitelikleri ve eğilimleri kritik literatür incelemesi, bibliyometrik analiz, tematik analiz ve meta analiz yöntemleri yardımıyla ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma bulguları, sürdürülebilirlik kavramının daha çok korumaya ve çıktıya, dayanıklılık kavramının ise uyum/iyileştirme ve sürece odaklandığını göstermiştir. Araştırma bulguları ayrıca günümüze kadar yapılan çalışmalarda sürdürülebilirlik ve dayanıklılık kavramları arasındaki rekabet ve tamamlayıcılık ilişkilerinin yeterli düzeyde ele alınamadığını ve bu yüzden akademik çalışmalarda ve uygulamada büyük sorunlarla karşılaşıldığını göstermiştir. Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen akademik çalışmalarda sağlamlık kapasitesi kastedilerek sağlamlık ile dayanıklılık kavramlarının aynı anlamda kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, yakın gelecekte dayanıklılık ve sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında çalışmaların iklim (dayanıklılık, kırılganlık, iklim değişikliği, sürdürülebilirlik, adaptasyon, güvenlik açığı, yönetişim, iklim değişikliği adaptasyonu ve dönüşüm) ve sosyal-ekolojik sistemler (ekosistem hizmetleri, yönetişim ve dayanıklı şehirler) odağında ilerleyeceği tespit edilmiştir. Dayanıklılık ve sürdürülebilirlik arasındaki rekabet ve tamamlayıcılık ilişkilerinin dikkate alınması ve uygun çalışma çerçevesinin seçilmesi yapılacak akademik ve uygulamalı çalışmaların etkinliğini artırabilecektir.

Keywords

dayanıklılık, sürdürülebilrlik, çalışma çerçevesi, bibliyometrik analiz, meta analizi

Ethical Statement

Çalışmada etik kuralları uyulmuştur.

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

References

• Adger, W. N. 2006. Vulnerability. Global environmental change, 16 (3), 268-281.
• Adger, W. N., Hughes, T. P., Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., & Rockstrom, J. 2005. Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. Science, 309(5737), 1036-1039.
• Ahern, J. 2011. From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world. Landscape and urban Planning, 100(4), 341-343.
• Ahern, J. 2013. Urban landscape sustainability and resilience: the promise and challenges of integrating ecology with urban planning and design. Landscape ecology, 28, 1203-1212.
• Ahi, P., & Searcy, C. 2014. A stochastic approach for sustainability analysis under the green economics paradigm. Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment, 28, 1743-1753.
• Ahmed, T., & Bhatti, A. A. 2020. Measurement and determinants of multi‐ factor productivity: A survey of literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 34(2), 293- 319.
• Akkuş, D., Saner, G., & Adanacıoğlu, H. 2023. Çeşme kavunu üreten işletmelerde ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik: İzmir ili, Çeşme ilçesi örnek olayı. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 33(1), 109-121.
• Almedom, A. M., & Glandon, D. 2007. Resilience is not the absence of PTSD any more than health is the absence of disease. Journal of loss and Trauma, 12(2), 127-143.
• Altieri, M. A. 1995. Agroecology. The Scientific Basis of Alternative Agricultnre, 5.
• Alvarado-Herrera, A., Bigne, E., Aldas-Manzano, J., & Curras-Perez, R. 2017. A scale for measuring consumer perceptions of corporate social responsibility following the sustainable development paradigm. Journal of Business Ethics, 140, 243-262.
• Anderies, J. M., Folke, C., Walker, B., & Ostrom, E. 2013. Aligning key concepts for global change policy: robustness, resilience, and sustainability. Ecology and society, 18(2).
• Anderies, J. M., Janssen, M. A., & Ostrom, E. 2004. A framework to analyze the robustness of social-ecological systems from an institutional perspective. Ecology and society, 9(1).
• Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. 2017. Bibliometrix : An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
• Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. 2023. Bibliometrix. Retrieved from https://www.bibliometrix.org/home/index.php. July 10, 2023
• Armitage, D., & Johnson, D. 2006. Can resilience be reconciled with globalization and the increasingly complex conditions of resource degradation in Asian coastal regions?. Ecology and society, 11(1).
• Arushanyan, Y., Ekener, E., & Moberg, Å. 2017. Sustainability assessment framework for scenarios–SAFS. Environmental impact assessment review, 63, 23-34.
• Asprone, D., & Manfredi, G. 2015. Linking disaster resilience and urban sustainability: a glocal approach for future cities. Disasters, 39(s1), s96-s111.
• Avery, G. C., & Bergsteiner, H. 2011. How BMW successfully practices sustainable leadership principles. Strategy & Leadership, 39(6), 11-18.
• Ayyildiz, B. 2018. Agro-Ekolojik Ekonomi Perspektifinden Dünyada ve Türkiyede Sürdürülebilir Gelişmenin Değerlendirilmesi.
• Bansal, P., & DesJardine, M. R. 2014. Business sustainability: It is about time. Strategic organization, 12(1), 70-78.
• Barbier, E. B., & Burgess, J. C. 2017. The Sustainable development goals and the systems approach to sustainability. Economics, 11(1), 20170028.
• Barbier, E. B., & Markandya, A. 2013. A new blueprint for a green economy. Routledge. Başer, U., Bozoğlu, M., & Kılıç Topuz, B. 2017. Tarım işletmelerinde çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirliğin ölçülmesi. Akademia Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 1-13.
• Basiago, A. D. 1995. Methods of defining ‘sustainability’. Sustainable development, 3(3), 109-119. Basiago, A. D. 1999 ‘Economic, social, and environmental sustainability in development theory and urban planning practice’, The Environmentalist, vol 19, pp145–161
• Béné, C., Wood, R. G., Newsham, A., & Davies, M. 2012. Resilience: new utopia or new tyranny? Reflection about the potentials and limits of the concept of resilience in relation to vulnerability reduction programmes. IDS Working Papers, 2012(405), 1-61.
• Berkes, F., Colding, J., & Folke, C. 2008. Navigating social-ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge university press.
• Berkes, F., Kislalioglu, M., Folke, C., & Gadgil, M. 1998. Minireviews: exploring the basic ecological unit: ecosystem-like concepts in traditional societies. Ecosystems, 1, 409-415.
• Berkes, J., Viswanathan, V. K., Savkovic, S. D., & Hecht, G. 2003. Intestinal epithelial responses to enteric pathogens: effects on the tight junction barrier, ion transport, and inflammation. Gut, 52(3), 439-451.
• Binder, C. R., Hinkel, J., Bots, P. W., & Pahl-Wostl, C. 2013. Comparison of frameworks for analyzing social-ecological systems. Ecology and society, 18(4).
• Birkmann, J., & von Teichman, K. 2010. Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: key challenges—scales, knowledge, and norms. Sustainability Science, 5, 171-184.
• Blackmore, J. M., & Plant, R. A. 2008. Risk and resilience to enhance sustainability with application to urban water systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 134(3), 224-233.
• Blaikie, P. 1999. A review of political ecology: issues, epistemology and analytical narratives. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie, 43(1), 131-147.
• Bocchini, P., Frangopol, D. M., Ummenhofer, T., & Zinke, T. 2014. Resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure: Toward a unified approach. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 20(2), 04014004.
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. v., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. 2009. Introduction to Meta‐Analysis. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470743386
• Boyer, R. H., Peterson, N. D., Arora, P., & Caldwell, K. 2016. Five approaches to social sustainability and an integrated way forward. Sustainability, 8(9), 878.
• Brand, F. S., & Jax, K. 2007. Focusing the meaning (s) of resilience: resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object. Ecology and society, 12(1).
• Broadus, R. N. 1987. Toward a definition of “bibliometrics.” Scientometrics, 12(5–6), 373–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02016680
• Brown, B. J., Hanson, M. E., Liverman, D. M., & Merideth, R. W. 1987. Global sustainability: Toward definition. Environmental management, 11, 713-719.
• Brown, S. A., Christiansen, B. A., & Goldman, M. S. 1987. The Alcohol expectancy questionnaire: an instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies. Journal of studies on alcohol, 48(5), 483-491.
• Bullock, C., Brereton, F., & Bailey, S. 2017. The economic contribution of public bike-share to the sustainability and efficient functioning of cities. Sustainable cities and society, 28, 76-87.
• Buxton, A. B., & Meadows, A. J. 1977. The variation in the information content of titles of research papers with time and discipline. Journal of Documentation, 33(1), 46-52.
• Büyükkidik, S. 2022. A Bibliometric Analysis: A tutorial for the bibliometrix package in R using IRT literature. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 13(3), 164–193. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.1069307
• Cabell, J. F., & Oelofse, M. 2012. An indicator framework for assessing agroecosystem resilience. Ecology and Society, 17(1).
• Campbell, J. F. 1996. Hub location and the p-hub median problem. Operations research, 44(6), 923-935.
• Carpenter, S. R., & Gunderson, L. H. 2001. Coping with collapse: ecological and social dynamics in ecosystem management: like flight simulators that train would-be aviators, simple models can be used to evoke people's adaptive, forward-thinking behavior, aimed in this instance at sustainability of human–natural systems. BioScience, 51(6), 451-457.
• Carpenter, S. R., Arrow, K. J., Barrett, S., Biggs, R., Brock, W. A., Crépin, A. S., ... & De Zeeuw, A. 2012. General resilience to cope with extreme events. Sustainability, 4(12), 3248-3259.
• Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Anderies, J. M., & Abel, N. 2001. From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what?. Ecosystems, 4, 765-781.
• Carter, K., & Moir, S. 2012. Diagrammatic representations of sustainability–a review and synthesis. In Proceedings 28th Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5 September 2012, Edinburgh, UK. (pp. 1479-89). ARCOM (Association of Researchers in Construction Management.
• Ceyhan, V. 2010. Assessing the agricultural sustainability of conventional farming systems in Samsun province of Turkey. african Journal of agricultural research, 5(13), 1572-1583.
• Chapin, F. S., Carpenter, S. R., Kofinas, G. P., Folke, C., Abel, N., Clark, W. C., ... & Swanson, F. J. 2010. Ecosystem stewardship: sustainability strategies for a rapidly changing planet. Trends in ecology & evolution, 25(4), 241-249.
• Chelleri, L., Schuetze, T., & Salvati, L. 2015. Integrating resilience with urban sustainability in neglected neighborhoods: Challenges and opportunities of transitioning to decentralized water management in Mexico City. Habitat International, 48, 122-130.
• Cleveland, W. S. 1979. Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots. Journal of the American statistical association, 74(368), 829-836.
• Closs, D. J., Speier, C., & Meacham, N. 2011. Sustainability to support end-to-end value chains: the role of supply chain management. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39, 101-116.
• Cocklin, C. R. 1989. Methodological problems in evaluating sustainability. Environmental conservation, 16(4), 343-351.
• Collier, M. J., Nedović-Budić, Z., Aerts, J., Connop, S., Foley, D., Foley, K., ... & Verburg, P. 2013. Transitioning to resilience and sustainability in urban communities. Cities, 32, S21-S28.
• Collins, H., Evans, R., & Gorman, M. 2007. Trading zones and interactional expertise. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 38(4), 657-666.
• Coomer, G. C. (1979). Some Properties of Spatially Homogenous Spacetimes. University of Cincinnati.
• Custance, J., & Hillier, H. 1998. Statistical issues in developing indicators of sustainable development. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 161(3), 281-290.
• Das, S., & Sun, X. 2016. Association knowledge for fatal run-off-road crashes by Multiple Correspondence Analysis. IATSS Research, 39(2), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2015.07.001
• Davidson, R. J. 2010. Empirical explorations of mindfulness: conceptual and methodological conundrums.
• Davidson-Hunt, I. J., & Berkes, F. 2003. Nature and society through the lens of resilience: toward a human-in-ecosystem perspective. Navigating social-ecological systems: Building resilience for complexity and change, 53, 82.
• Dawe, N. K., & Ryan, K. L. 2003. The faulty three-legged-stool model of sustainable development. Conservation biology, 17(5), 1458-1460.
• De Castro, E. V. 2004. Perspectival anthropology and the method of controlled equivocation. Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of lowland South America, 2(1), 3-22.
• Derissen, S., Quaas, M. F., & Baumgärtner, S. 2011. The relationship between resilience and sustainability of ecological-economic systems. Ecological Economics, 70(6), 1121-1128.
• Diogo, V., Helfenstein, J., Mohr, F., Varghese, V., Debonne, N., Levers, C., ... & Bürgi, M. 2022. Developing context-specific frameworks for integrated sustainability assessment of agricultural intensity change: An application for Europe. Environmental science & policy, 137, 128-142.
• Dougill, A. J., Fraser, E. D., & Reed, M. S. 2010. Anticipating vulnerability to climate change in dryland pastoral systems: using dynamic systems models for the Kalahari. Ecology and Society, 15(2).
• Douxchamps, S., Debevec, L., Giordano, M., & Barron, J. 2017. Monitoring and evaluation of climate resilience for agricultural development–A review of currently available tools. World Development Perspectives, 5, 10-23.
• Dryzek JS. 2005 The politics of the earth: environmental discourses. Oxford University Press, Oxford
• Du Pisani, J. A. 2006. Sustainable development–historical roots of the concept. Environmental sciences, 3(2), 83-96.
• Dynes, R. R., & Quarantelli, E. L. 1975. Community conflict: Its absence and its presence in natural disasters.
• Elkington, J. 1997. The triple bottom line. Environmental management: Readings and cases, 2, 49-66.
• Elton, C. S., & Elton, C. S. 1958. The reasons for conservation (pp. 143-153). Springer US.
• Eryılmaz, G. A., Kılıç, O., & Boz, İ. 2019. Türkiye’de organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamalarının ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(2), 352-361.
• FAO, 2018. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Rome, URL: http://faostat. fao. org, 403-403.
• FAO. 2014. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2014. Erişim Tarihi:01.10.2024. Web Sitesi: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3720e.pdf.
• Feindt, P. H., & Weiland, S. 2018. Reflexive governance: Exploring the concept and assessing its critical potential for sustainable development. Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 20(6), 661-674.
• Fiksel, J., Goodman, I., & Hecht, A. 2014. Resilience: navigating toward a sustainable future. Solutions, 5(5), 38-47.
• Folke, C. 2016. Resilience (republished). Ecology and society, 21(4).
• Folke, C., Biggs, R., Norström, A. V., Reyers, B., & Rockström, J. 2016. Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecology and Society, 21(3).
• Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T., & Rockström, J. 2010. Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and society, 15(4).
• Garfield, E., & Sher, I. H. 1963. New factors in the evaluation of scientific literature through citation indexing. American Documentation, 14(3), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.5090140304
• Gasparini, P., Manfredi, G., & Asprone, D. 2014. Resilience and sustainability in relation to natural disasters-A challenge for future cities. Springer.
• Ge, B., Jiang, D., Gao, Y., & Tsai, S. B. 2016. The influence of legitimacy on a proactive green orientation and green performance: A study based on transitional economy scenarios in China. Sustainability, 8(12), 1344.
• Gerçek, M., & Börekçi, D. Y. 2019. Resilience kavramına örgüt bağlamında Türkçe karşılık önerileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(2), 198-213.
• Gibson, I. (Ed.). 2006. Advanced manufacturing technology for medical applications: reverse engineering, software conversion and rapid prototyping. John Wiley & Sons.
• Gitz, V., & Meybeck, A. 2012. Risks, vulnerabilities and resilience in a context of climate change. Building resilience for adaptation to climate change in the agriculture sector, 23, 19.
• Gonzalez, A., Thompson, P., & Loreau, M. 2017. Spatial ecological networks: planning for sustainability in the long-term. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 29, 187-197.
• Goodland, R. 1995. The concept of environmental sustainability. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 1-24.
• Goodland, R., & Daly, H. 1996. Environmental sustainability: universal and non‐negotiable. Ecological applications, 6(4), 1002-1017.
• Grimm, V., & Wissel, C. 1997. Babel, or the ecological stability discussions: an inventory and analysis of terminology and a guide for avoiding confusion. Oecologia, 109, 323-334.
• Grober, U., & Cunningham, R. 2012. Sustainability: A cultural history (p. 156). Totnes: Green Books.
• Gunderson, L. 2002. Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems.
• Gunderson, L. H., Allen, C. R., & Holling, C. S. 2012. Foundations of ecological resilience. Island Press.
• Gunderson, L. H., Holling, C. S., & Light, S. S. 1995. Barriers and bridges to the renewal of regional ecosystems. Columbia University Press.
• Gündüz, O., Ceyhan, V., Erol, E., & Ozkaraman, F. 2011. An evaluation of farm level sustainability of apricot farms in Malatya province of Turkey. Journal of food, agriculture & environment, 9(1), 700- 705.
• Güneş, E., & Karakaş, T. 2022. Tarım ve gıda sistemlerinde sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımları. Journal of Academic Value Studies, 8(3), 304-316.
• Gürsoy, Ö. B., & Çolak, E. 2023. Kentsel tarım literatürü üzerine bibliyometrik bir analiz. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 24(2), 45-57.
• Halliday, S. V. 2016. User-generated content about brands: understanding its creators and consumers. Journal of Business Research, 69(1), 137-144.
• Hancock, T. 1993. Health, human development and the community ecosystem: three ecological models. Health promotion international, 8(1), 41-47.
• Harrington, L. M. B. 2016. Sustainability theory and conceptual considerations: a review of key ideas for sustainability, and the rural context. Papers in Applied Geography, 2(4), 365-382.
• Hoffman, R. M. 1948. A generalized concept of resilience. Textile Research Journal, 18(3), 141-148.
• Holling, C. S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual review of ecology and systematics,4(1), 1-23.
• Holling, C. S. 2005. From complex regions to complex worlds. Minn. JL Sci. & Tech.,7,1.
• IPCC, 2014. Summary for policymakers in: climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ed C B Field et al (Cambridge)(Cambridge University Press)(Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA) pp 1–32
• Jalan, J., & Ravallion, M. 1999. Are the poor less well insured? Evidence on vulnerability to income risk in rural China. Journal of development economics, 58(1), 61-81.
• Jerneck, A., Olsson, L., Ness, B., Anderberg, S., Baier, M., Clark, E., ... & Persson, J. 2011. Structuring sustainability science. Sustainability science, 6, 69-82.
• Johnston, P., Everard, M., Santillo, D., & Robèrt, K. H. 2007. Reclaiming the definition of sustainability. Environmental science and pollution research international, 14(1), 60-66.
• Kabisch, N., Frantzeskaki, N., Pauleit, S., Naumann, S., Davis, M., Artmann, M., ... & Bonn, A. 2016. Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas: perspectives on indicators, knowledge gaps, barriers, and opportunities for action. Ecology and society, 21(2).
• Kates, R. W., Clark, W. C., Corell, R., Hall, J. M., Jaeger, C. C., Lowe, I., ... & Svedin, U. 2001. Sustainability science. Science, 292(5517), 641-642.
• Kaya, A., & Budak, D. B. 2022. Hatay ilinde üreticilerin biyoyakıt, tarımsal atık ve çevre hakkındaki düşüncelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(3), 413-423.
• Kayalar, K. 1994. Geleneksel Türk Sinemasını Sürdürerek Aşma Eylemi. Şerif Gören, Yönetmenler Çerçevesinde Türk Sineması, Ankara, Ayyıldız Yayınları, 187-201.
• Keating, B. A., Herrero, M., Carberry, P. S., Gardner, J., & Cole, M. B. 2014). Food wedges: framing the global food demand and supply challenge towards 2050. Global Food Security, 3(3-4), 125-132.
• Keskinkılıç, K. 2019. Koyunculuk faaliyetinin sürdürülebilirliği; İzmir ili örneği. Ege Ünivrsitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Dktora Tezi, İzmir.
• Kırbaşlar, M. ve Yılmaz Börekçi, D. 2015. İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Aracılığıyla İlişkisel ve Operasyonel Rezilyans Kapasitesi Oluşturma, 23. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Muğla, Mayıs
• Korga, S., & Aslanoğlu, S. 2024. Sürdürülebilirlik raporlamasında sürdürülebilirlik göstergelerinin önem düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 102, 1-18.
• Kravchenko, M., Pigosso, D. C., & McAloone, T. C. 2019. Towards the ex-ante sustainability screening of circular economy initiatives in manufacturing companies: Consolidation of leading sustainability related performance indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production, 241, 118318.
• Kumar, A., Bahadur, I., Maurya, B. R., Raghuwanshi, R., Meena, V. S., Singh, D. K., & Dixit, J. 2015. Does a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance agricultural sustainability. J Pure Appl Microbiol, 9(1), 715-724.
• Landauer, M., Juhola, S., & Söderholm, M. 2015. Inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation: a systematic literature review. Climatic change, 131, 505-517.
• Lanlan, J., Sarker, M. N. I., Ali, I., Firdaus, R. R., & Hossin, M. A. 2024. Vulnerability and resilience in the context of natural hazards: a critical conceptual analysis. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(8), 19069-19092.
• Lebel, L., Anderies, J. M., Campbell, B., Folke, C., Hatfield-Dodds, S., Hughes, T. P., & Wilson, J. 2006. Governance and the capacity to manage resilience in regional social-ecological systems. Ecology and society, 11(1).
• Lee, J., Park, B. B., Malakorn, K., & So, J. J. 2013. Sustainability assessments of cooperative vehicle intersection control at an urban corridor. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 32, 193-206.
• Lehtonen, M. 2004. The environmental–social interface of sustainable development: capabilities, social capital, institutions. Ecological economics, 49(2), 199-214.
• Lélé, S. M. 1991. Sustainable development: a critical review. World development, 19(6), 607-621.
• Lew, A. A., Ng, P. T., Ni, C. C., & Wu, T. C. 2016. Community sustainability and resilience: Similarities, differences and indicators. Tourism Geographies, 18(1), 18-27.
• Liao, K. H. 2012. A theory on urban resilience to floods—a basis for alternative planning practices. Ecology and society, 17(4).
• Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. 2009. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ, 339(jul21 1), b2700– b2700. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700
• Linkov, I., & Palma-Oliveira, J. M. 2017. Resilience and risk: Methods and application in environment, cyber and social domains. Springer.
• Lizarralde, G., Chmutina, K., Bosher, L., & Dainty, A. 2015. Sustainability and resilience in the built environment: The challenges of establishing a turquoise agenda in the UK. Sustainable Cities and Society, 15, 96-104.
• Lozano, R. 2008. Envisioning sustainability three-dimensionally. Journal of cleaner production, 16(17), 1838-1846.
• Luers, A. L. 2005. The surface of vulnerability: an analytical framework for examining environmental change. Global Environmental Change, 15(3), 214-223.
• Luers, A. L., Lobell, D. B., Sklar, L. S., Addams, C. L., & Matson, P. A. 2003. A method for quantifying vulnerability, applied to the agricultural system of the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Global environmental change, 13(4), 255-267.
• Lumley, S., & Armstrong, P. 2004. Some of the nineteenth century origins of the sustainability concept. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 6, 367-378.
• Manyena, S. B., Mutale, S. B., & Collins, A. 2008. Sustainability of rural water supply and disaster resilience in Zimbabwe. Water Policy, 10(6), 563-575.
• Marchese, D., Reynolds, E., Bates, M. E., Morgan, H., Clark, S. S., & Linkov, I. 2018. Resilience and sustainability: Similarities and differences in environmental management applications. Science of the total environment, 613, 1275-1283.
• McCoy, E. P., & Mirakhur, R. K. 1993. The levering laryngoscope. Anaesthesia, 48(6), 516-519.
• McEvoy, D., Lindley, S., & Handley, J. 2006. Adaptation and mitigation in urban areas: synergies and conflicts. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer (Vol. 159, No. 4, pp. 185-191). Thomas Telford Ltd.
• Meacham, B. J. 2016. Sustainability and resiliency issues and objectives in performance building regulations. Special Edition–Building Governance and Climate Change: Regulation and Related Polices, Building Research and Information, 44(5-6).
• Meacham, B. J. 2016. Sustainability and resiliency objectives in performance building regulations. Building Research and Information 44(5– 6):474–489.
• Meacham, M., Queiroz, C., Norström, A. V., & Peterson, G. D. 2016. Social-ecological drivers of multiple ecosystem services: what variables explain patterns of ecosystem services across the Norrström drainage basin?. Ecology and Society, 21(1).
• Meadows, D., Meadows, D., Zahn, E., & Milling, P. 1972. Die grenzen des wachstums (p. 37). Lizenzausgabe des Deutschen.
• Meuwissen, M. P., Feindt, P. H., Garrido, A., Mathijs, E., Soriano, B., Urquhart, J., & Spiegel, A. (Eds.). 2022. Resilient and sustainable farming systems in Europe: exploring diversity and pathways. Cambridge University Press.
• Meuwissen, M. P., Feindt, P. H., Spiegel, A., Termeer, C. J., Mathijs, E., De Mey, Y., ... & Reidsma, P. 2019. A framework to assess the resilience of farming systems. Agricultural Systems, 176, 102656.
• Miller, T. R., Baird, T. D., Littlefield, C. M., Kofinas, G., Chapin III, F. S., & Redman, C. L. 2008. Epistemological pluralism: reorganizing interdisciplinary research. Ecology and Society, 13(2).
• Milletler, B. 1987. Report of the world commission on environment and development: our common future. Erişim: http://www. exteriores. gob.es/Portal/es/PoliticaExteriorCooperacion/Desarrollosostenible/ Documents/Informe% 20Brundtland, 20.
• Milman, A., & Short, A. 2008. Incorporating resilience into sustainability indicators: An example for the urban water sector. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 758-767.
• Milne, M. J. 1996. On sustainability; the environment and management accounting. Management Accounting Research, 7(1), 135-161.
• Mitchell, R., Wooliscroft, B., & Higham, J. E. 2013. Applying sustainability in national park management: balancing public and private interests using a sustainable market orientation model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(5), 695-715.
• Moldan, B., Janoušková, S., & Hák, T. 2012).How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets. Ecological indicators, 17, 4-13.
• Moore, M. L., Tjornbo, O., Enfors, E., Knapp, C., Hodbod, J., Baggio, J. A., ... & Biggs, D. 2014. Studying the complexity of change: toward an analytical framework for understanding deliberate social-ecological transformations. Ecology and society, 19(4).
• Moore‐O'Leary, K. A., Hernandez, R. R., Johnston, D. S., Abella, S. R., Tanner, K. E., Swanson, A. C., ... & Lovich, J. E. 2017. Sustainability of utility‐scale solar energy–critical ecological concepts. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 15(7), 385-394.
• Mori, K., & Christodoulou, A. 2012. Review of sustainability indices and indicators: Towards a new City Sustainability Index (CSI). Environmental impact assessment review, 32(1), 94-106.
• Munasinghe, M. 1993. Environmental economics and sustainable development (Vol. 3). World Bank Publications.
• Murphy, L. B. 1974. Coping, vulnerability, and resilience in childhood. Coping and adaptation, 69-100.
• Ning, X., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Dong, X., Li, W., & Liang, B. 2013. Sustainability of urban drainage management: a perspective on infrastructure resilience and thresholds. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 7, 658-668.
• Norris, D. J., Efros, A. L., & Erwin, S. C. 2008. Doped nanocrystals. Science, 319(5871), 1776-1779.
• OECD, C. 2016. OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2016 Country Profile. Paris, France: OECD.
• Ogunsakin, R. E., Moyo, S., Oludayo, Olugbara, O., & Israel, C. 2021. Relating Student Engagement Indicators to Academic Performance Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Cybernetics and Information Technologies, 21(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.2478/cait-2021-0007
• Olsson, P., Galaz, V., & Boonstra, W. J. 2014. Sustainability transformations: a resilience perspective. Ecology and society, 19(4).
• Orians, G. H. 1975). Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems. In Unifying Concepts in Ecology: Report of the plenary sessions of the First international congress of ecology, The Hague, the Netherlands, September 8–14, 1974 (pp. 139-150). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
• O'Riordan, T. 1985. Research policy and review: future directions for environmental policy. Environment and Planning A, 17(11), 1431-1446.
• Osazefua Imhanzenobe, J. 2020. Managers’ financial practices and financial sustainability of Nigerian manufacturing companies: Which ratios matter most?. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1724241.
• Paavola, J. 2008. Livelihoods, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Morogoro, Tanzania. Environmental Science & Policy, 11(7), 642-654.
• Pirages, D. C. 1977. Sustainable society: implications for limited growth, [16 papers].
• Pope, J., Annandale, D., & Morrison-Saunders, A. 2004. Conceptualising sustainability assessment. Environmental impact assessment review, 24(6), 595-616.
• Preiser, R., Biggs, R., De Vos, A., & Folke, C. 2018. Social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems. Ecology and Society, 23(4).
• Proag, V. 2014. The concept of vulnerability and resilience. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 369-376. Purvis, B., Mao, Y., & Robinson, D. 2019. Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins. Sustainability science, 14, 681-695.
• Pyle, D. 2003. Data collection, preparation, quality, and visualization. The handbook of data mining, 365-391. Quinlan, A. E., Berbés‐Blázquez, M., Haider, L. J., & Peterson, G. D. 2016. Measuring and assessing resilience: broadening understanding through multiple disciplinary perspectives. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53(3), 677-687.
• Redclift, M. (Ed.). 2005. Sustainability: sustainable development (Vol. 3). Taylor & Francis.
• Redman, C. L. 2014. Should sustainability and resilience be combined or remain distinct pursuits? Ecology and Society, 19(2).
• Redman, C. L. 2014. Should sustainability and resilience be combined or remain distinct pursuits?. Ecology and Society, 19(2).
• Reidsma, P., & Ewert, F. 2008. Regional farm diversity can reduce vulnerability of food production to climate change. Ecology and Society, 13(1).
• Rodriguez, S. I., Roman, M. S., Sturhahn, S. C., & Terry, E. H. 2002. Sustainability assessment and reporting for the University of Michigan's Ann Arbor Campus. Center for Sustainable Systems, Report No. CSS02-04. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
• Rojas-Downing, M. M., Nejadhashemi, A. P., Harrigan, T., & Woznicki, S. A. 2017. Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Climate risk management, 16, 145-163.
• Rutter, M. 1987. Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316-331.
• Saunders, W. S. A., & Becker, J. S. 2015. A discussion of resilience and sustainability: Land use planning recovery from the Canterbury earthquake sequence, New Zealand. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 14, 73-81.
• Schoolman, E. D., Guest, J. S., Bush, K. F., & Bell, A. R. 2012. How interdisciplinary is sustainability research? Analyzing the structure of an emerging scientific field. Sustainability Science, 7, 67-80.
• Seager, T. P. 2008. The sustainability spectrum and the sciences of sustainability. Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(7), 444-453.
• Seager, T. P. 2008. The sustainability spectrum and the sciences of sustainability. Business Strategy and the Environment, 17(7), 444-453.
• Şen, H., Kaya, A., & Alpaslan, B. 2018. Sürdürülebilirlik üzerine tarihsel ve güncel bir perspektif. Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 29(108), 1-36.
• Sharpe, A. 2004. Literature review of frameworks for macro-indicators (Vol. 3). Ottawa: Centre for the study of Living Standards.
• Shrader-Frechette, K. S. 1993. Method in ecology: strategies for conservation. Chambridge University Press. ISBN: 0521418615, doi number: 10.1086/233639, New York.
• Simelton, E., Fraser, E. D., Termansen, M., Forster, P. M., & Dougill, A. J. 2009. Typologies of crop-drought vulnerability: an empirical analysis of the socio-economic factors that influence the sensitivity and resilience to drought of three major food crops in China (1961–2001). Environmental Science & Policy, 12(4), 438-452.
• Star, S. L., & Griesemer, J. R. 1989. Institutional ecology, translations' and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39. Social studies of science, 19(3), 387-420.
• Stirling, A. 1999. The appraisal of sustainability: some problems and possible responses. Local Environment, 4(2), 111-135.
• Stiver, I. P. 1984. The meanings of" dependency" in female-male relationships (No. 11). Wellesley, Mass.: Stone Center for Developmental Services and Studies, Wellesley College.
• Strunz, S. 2012. Is conceptual vagueness an asset? Arguments from philosophy of science applied to the concept of resilience. Ecological economics, 76, 112-118.
• Tanguay, G. A., Rajaonson, J., Lefebvre, J. F., & Lanoie, P. 2010. Measuring the sustainability of cities: An analysis of the use of local indicators. Ecological indicators, 10(2), 407-418.
• Termeer, C. J., Feindt, P. H., Karpouzoglou, T., Poppe, K. J., Hofstede, G. J., Kramer, K., ... & Meuwissen, M. P. 2019. Institutions and the resilience of biobased production systems: the historical case of livestock intensification in the Netherlands. Ecology and Society, 24(4).
• Tulloch, L. 2013. On science, ecology and environmentalism. Policy Futures in Education, 11(1), 100-114.
• Turner, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Matson, P. A., McCarthy, J. J., Corell, R. W., Christensen, L., ... & Schiller, A. 2003. A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 100(14), 8074-8079.
• Ulanowicz, R. E., Goerner, S. J., Lietaer, B., & Gomez, R. 2009. Quantifying sustainability: Resilience, efficiency and the return of information theory. Ecological complexity, 6(1), 27-36.
• Urruty, N., Tailliez-Lefebvre, D., & Huyghe, C. 2016. Stability, robustness, vulnerability and resilience of agricultural systems. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 36, 1-15.
• Van Calker, K. J., Berentsen, P. B. M., De Boer, I. J. M., Giesen, G. W. J., & Huirne, R. B. M. 2007. Modelling worker physical health and societal sustainability at farm level: an application to conventional and organic dairy farming. Agricultural Systems, 94(2), 205-219.
• Vos, R. O. 2007. Defining sustainability: a conceptual orientation. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology: International Research in Process, Environmental & Clean Technology, 82(4), 334-339. Waas, T., Hugé, J., Verbruggen, A., & Wright, T. 2011. Sustainable development: A bird’s eye view. Sustainability, 3(10), 1637-1661.
• Walker, B., & Meyers, J. A. 2004. Thresholds in ecological and social–ecological systems: a developing database. Ecology and society, 9(2).
• Walker, B., Gunderson, L., Kinzig, A., Folke, C., Carpenter, S., & Schultz, L. 2006. A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social-ecological systems. Ecology and society, 11(1).
• Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. 2004. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social–ecological systems. Ecology and society, 9(2).
• Walker, B., Pearson, L., Harris, M., Maler, K. G., Li, C. Z., Biggs, R., & Baynes, T. 2010. Incorporating resilience in the assessment of inclusive wealth: an example from South East Australia. Environmental and Resource Economics, 45, 183-202.
• Ward, K. D., Epstein, D., Varda, D., & Lane, B. 2017. Measuring performance in interagency collaboration: FEMA corps. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 8(3), 172-200.
• Warde, P. 2011. The invention of sustainability. Modern Intellectual History, 8(1), 153-170. Watts, M. J., & Bohle, H. G. 1993. The space of vulnerability: the causal structure of hunger and famine. Progress in human geography, 17(1), 43-67.
• Weiberg, E. 2012. What can resilience theory do for (Aegean) archaeology?
• Westley, F. R., Tjornbo, O., Schultz, L., Olsson, P., Folke, C., Crona, B., & Bodin, Ö. 2013. A theory of transformative agency in linked social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 18(3).
• Winson, C. G. 1932. Report on a method for measuring the resilience of wool. Journal of the Textile Institute Transactions, 23(12), T386-T393.
• Xu, L., Marinova, D., & Guo, X. 2015. Resilience thinking: a renewed system approach for sustainability science. Sustainability Science, 10, 123-138.
• Yıldız, Ö., & Boyacı, M. 2017. Yayımcılara göre çiftçi uygulamalarının sürdürülebilirliği: Ege Bölgesi örneği. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, 23(2).
• Zijp, M. C., Heijungs, R., Van der Voet, E., Van de Meent, D., Huijbregts, M. A., Hollander, A., & Posthuma, L. 2015. An identification key for selecting methods for sustainability assessments. Sustainability, 7(3), 2490-2512.